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1、迎接数字化通信时代的挑战,一、世界是数字化的,二、数字处理的主要技术,三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信,郑国莘,一、世界是数字化的,01101101010100111.,人类基因密码,无处不在的数字化的技术-计算机,一、世界是数字化的,数字化的通信,Every Thing.Over IPIP Over Every Thing,PSTNCATVINTERNET,迎接数字化通信时代的挑战,一、世界是数字化的,二、数字处理的主要技术,三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信,知识构架,数学,数据结构,电路、信号与系统,通信原理,数字电子,模拟电子,计算机网络,计算机接口,高频电子,通信系统 移动通信微波通信 光纤通
2、信,综合课程,工程实践课程,理论课程,数字通信系统,Coder,Coder,modulation,Demodulation,Decoder,模拟信号的数字化,Coder,Coder,数字信号处理,F,F,-1,微积分富氏变换拉氏变换Z变换数字信号处理,信源编码,核心信源编码有效性编码 减少份量以降低成本,语音编码：PCM M LD-CELP MBELP,Hi,how are you!,图像编码：JPEG MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4,浊音,清音,喉形,MPEG-4视频编码原理,MPEG-4的视频编码就是针对运动信息、形状信息和纹理信息等3种信息的编码技术,H.261视频编码原理,H
3、.261所针对的可视电话信号最初考虑是在一般电话网中传输的，带宽和码率是其考虑的核心问题。,MC 帧差编码原理,DPCM编码主要是利用同一帧图像中各像素之间的相关性来对当前值进行预测,MPEG2音频压缩编码标准,MPEG2则针对数字电视的视音频压缩编码，对数字电视各种等级的压缩编码方案及图像编码中划分的层次作了详细的规定，其编码码率可从3Mbps到100Mbps。,信道编码,包装信道编码可靠性编码 增加冗余量以确保安全,奇偶校验 100100010010001,发现1位错误,重复码 1111 0000,纠正1位错误，发现2位错误,GSMCRC 编码,信道编码1,000,111,许用码组,禁用码
4、组,010,100,001,110,101,011,通过增加编码的位数，以牺牲信息传输速率为代价换取通信的可靠性。,0：come 1:not come,信道编码2,GSM编码 15位CRC码,码间距,000,111,数字电子技术计算机大厦的砖瓦,1+1=10A+B=CD,D,向下为1 向上为0,世界万物,A,B,C,D,空中的数字无线电波,HOWAREYOU!,1001000,1001111,1010111,1000001,.,ASK,FSK,PSK,数字信道的多路复用,TDM 时分复用FDM 频分复用CDMA 码分多址,光纤,无线电频谱,F,3*10,3*10,3*10,4,4,5,6,TV
5、,FM,GSM,Bluetooth,Satellite,Visible light,(Hz),高频电子线路-数字通信的实现,振荡器放大器合成器天线微波,IC化,基础,迎接数字化通信时代的挑战,一、世界是数字化的,二、数字处理的主要技术,三、“蓝牙”技术中的数字通信,Bluetooth Introduction,Guoxin ZhengSchool of Communicationand Information EngineeringShanghai University,Architecture Overview,OverviewTechnicallyTopologyRadio/Baseban
6、dProtocol stackModules&SiliconDevelopment KitsQualification,World Penetration,(est.),Industry Forecast in million phones,Source;Ericsson,All(SP,GER,UK,FRA,ITA)-%Distribution by Price segment of Total Sales Volume*(units),1995,Forecast Worldwide Sales 2005,Million units,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,80
7、0,900,1000,mobile phones,mobile accessories,portable computers and PDAs,desktop PCs,desktop accessories,printers,cordless phones,telephone answering devices,TV/VCR/DVD,CD-player,Mobile devices,Desktop devices,Consumer electronics,Source:IDC,Strategy Analytics,Ericsson,Silver Institute,Internet conne
8、ction device,cameras&misc.,Remote control,The Future?,Mobile phones is by far the largest segment within Mobile Devices250 million mobile phones will be sold year 2000630 million mobile phones will be sold year 2005Desktop PCs is the largest segment in Desktop Devices80 million desktop PCs will be s
9、old year 2000140 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2005Cordless phones is the largest segment in Consumer Electronics Devices150 million cordless phones will be sold year 2000350 million cordless phones will be sold year 2005,Landline,What does Bluetooth do for you?,“Usage Models”,“Design a radi
10、o to replace the cable and its connectors”,Design GoalsSmall implementation sizeLow implementation cost Low power consumptionSecure and robust for open ISM bandChallengesFast frequency hoppingSingle chip integration,Global Operation,Industrial-Scientific-Medical80 MHz at 2.45 GHzGlobally availableUn
11、licensed and free to use,Unprecedented Cross Industry Commitment,Special Interest Group Ericsson,IBM,Intel,Nokia and Toshiba And today there are more than 2000 Bluetooth adopters.,Technically Speaking.,Bluetooth Module,Small Size0.5 square inches in productionEventually moving to a single chip solut
12、ionLow power2.7V(1.62-2.75V)300 A standby,30 A in sleep,60 A hold/park3-30 mA when transmitting1 or 100 mW active powerLow Price$25 projected to come down to around$5 OEM integration costDesigned for CMOS single chip solution,Bluetooth Radio,Bluetooth,Bluetooth Link Controller,Technical Features,2.4
13、 GHz ISM Open bandGlobally free available frequency,89 MHz of spectrum availableFFH/DS Hybrid Radio10-100 m range,personal bubble 8 active devices per piconet(share datarate)Up to 10 piconets in bubble(full datarate)1 Mbps gross rate Future version:2 MbpsSimultaneous voice/data capable432 Kbps(full
14、duplex),721/56 Kbps(asymmetric)or3 simultaneous full duplex voice per piconet(CVSD64 Kbps).or a combination of data and voice,Battery Life Time,Estimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and internal amplifier,power will vary with implementation and applicationLow power consumptionStandby current 0.3
15、 mA 3 months Voice mode 10 mA(one voice channel)60 hoursData mode average 6 mA(20%utilization)100 hours Low Power ArchitectureProgrammable data length(else radio sleeps)Hold and Park modes 60 ADevices connected but not participatingDevice can participate within 2 ms,Robust Data and Voice Transfer,Bl
16、uetooth is designed to be robustOpen band interference is negotiated by:1600 frequency hops/sShort and flexible data packetsAutomatic Repeat reQuest(ARQ)Forward Error Correction(FEC)16 bit Cyclic Redundancy CheckSpeech coding:Continuos Variable Slope Delta modulation(CVSD),Bluetooth Scalable Securit
17、y,Provides link layer security between any two Bluetooth radiosAuthentication(E1 algorithm)Challenge/Response systemEncryption(privacy)Encrypts data between two devicesStream cipher with E0 algorithmKey management and usageConfigurable Encryption key length(0-16 bytes)Government export regulationsRa
18、dio negotiate key sizeKey generation with E2-E3 algorithmsAuthentication and Encryption keys,Topology,Radio range has two varietiesShort range(10 meters or less)0 dBm radio,1mWOptimized for short range devicesHeadset,Mouse,Keyboard,etc.Longer range(100 meters or less)20 dBm radio,100 mWModule has a
19、power amplifier built-inOptimized for devices changing environmentsNotebooks,cellphones,access points,etc.,Topology,Radio/BasebandMaster/Slave medium accessRadio/Baseband is symmetric Connected devices can be master or slaveCould be master and slave concurrently,PiconetAll devices in a piconet hop t
20、ogetherFrequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters ID Phase of the frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters clock,Topology,PiconetPoint to PointPoint to MultipointNo base station is needed8 concurrent devicesMore than 200 active devices1 Mb/s gross rate,Topology,Scatternet
21、Devices can share piconetsInterpiconet communicationInstant Ad-hoc connections 10 PiconetsAggregated 10 Mb/s,Topology,Mobile TopologyAll device are mobileWalknet:The whole piconet cell is mobileMake and Brake Connections,Topology,Topology,Scatternet,master,slave 1,slave 2,slave 3,master,slave 4,slav
22、e 5,Frequency Hopping,Connection Procedure,StandbyWaiting to join a piconetInquireFinding devicesPageConnect to a known deviceConnectedActively on a piconet(master or slave)Park/HoldLow Power connected states,Page and Inquire Scans,A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires(also in connecte
23、d state),Bluetooth Protocol Stack,Control,RFComm,HID,TCP/IP,Still Image,Obex,vCard,WAP,vCal,Basic,Provided,Adapted,Application Framework,Radio,Baseband,Link Man.,L2CAP,Audio,HCI,Ericsson Bluetooth CoreFunctional Partitioning,Filters and baluns integrated into LTCC substrateRF IC flip chip mountedLas
24、er trimming used to optimize performance100mW optional version with PA and Optional Gain Control(-30 to+20 dBm)Small outline BGA type package 1mW:10.2 x 14 x 1.6 mm 100mW:10.2 x 16 x 1.6 mm,Radio Module,First Complete Module,Radio,LinkController,(Optional),Flash,Host interface USBUART/PCM,PA,Antenna
25、,First Complete Module,Key Features FCC type approved Interface through USB,UART or PCM Bluetooth 1.0 pre-certified USB 1.1 compliant(Voice and Data)Small size,33x17x3.36 mm Generic SW(HCI,L2CAP,RFCOMM),Complete Module SW-stack,L2CAP,Radio,BaseBand,Link Manager,HCI,HCI,Higher Layers,Bluetooth host,B
26、luetooth completemodule,What is the Developers Kit?,Demonstrator of Bluetooth technologyStarter kit for product developmentApplication software development platformIncrease integration with option to do embedded SW,Global Market,Qualification Program,Regulatory Type Approval,Bluetooth Devices,&,Blue
27、tooth Identity,License to sell,Qualification and Type Approval,Manufacturer,Blue-tooth Quali-fication Body,AuthorizedTest houses,Qualification Program-Concept,Bluetooth Administrative Instance,Product including documentation and declaration(ICS),Feedback,Logo approval,Test results,Authorize,Accreditation,Preliminary!,Bluetooth Moves Fast.,Web sites for latest www.ericsson.se/bluetoothWWW,END,
