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1、Present Perfect Tense,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成:用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has+done(过去分词),现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：eg:I have lost my wedding ring.我丢了我的结婚戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结婚戒指了）I have sent him a Christm
2、as card.He has just bought a new house.,现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：1）一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响等。I have lost my bag.(现在还没找到)I lost my bag.(丢了钱包，现在是否找到，不知道)Mrs.Smith lived in Beijing for seven years.(史密斯太太已不再住在北京)Mrs.Smith has lived in Beijing for seven years.(史密斯太
3、太还住在北京),1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）,present,past,I have lived here for two years,I lived there 2 years ago,2）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去时间的经历，与现在没有联系。所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如last night,yesterday,three days ago,just now,in 1998等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过
4、去时。试比较：The film has been on ten minutes ago.()The film began ten minutes ago.()The film has been on for ten minutes.()3)询问某事过去发生的具体时间，具体地点时必须用一般过去时，When did you lose your luggage?Where did they leave for?,eg.1.He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast.2.When did you come here?I watched t
5、he football match on TV at 9:00.,Exercises,1.I _(have)lunch already.2.Has the train_(arrive),yet?3.Tome _ never_(be to)China.4.The twin _just _(see)my father.5.The twins _(see)my father just now.6.Many tall buildings _(build)in the past 5 years.,have had,arrived,has,been to,has,seen,saw,have been bu
6、ilt,现在完成时与一般现在时的区别：1.一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与often,always,seldom,never等副词连用，但意义不同。现在完成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较：eg:He has always helped us（到目前为止）He always helps us.(一贯如此)I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(这几天的情况)I seldom watch cartoons.（一贯如此）,Adverbs of time,already ever yet never ju
7、st these days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for+段时间(for a long time,for two months since+点时间(since two years ago,since this morning),I have come back just now.I came back just now.When have you seen him?When did you see him?,When不与现在完成时连用。它只有过去时或将来时，因为它表示确切的时间。,用法二：for+
8、段时间 since+点时间 since+句子（过去时）E.g.Kate has lived here for 3 years.Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用,My father hasnt smoked for two months,He is trying to give it up.我父亲已经有两个月没有抽烟了。他现在在努力戒烟
9、。They have stayed in this hotel since last Tuesday.We have learned English for about three years.,have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been in,have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；eg:1)Where has John gone?I cant find him anywhere.(John不在说话地方)2)Mary has gone to Hong Kong(Mary不在说话地方，可能在香港，可能在路上),have/
10、has gone tohave/has been to have/has been in,have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;John,Where have you been?(现在John已经回来，在说话的地方)Where have you been to Beijing?(你在说话地方),have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been in,have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。I have been in Britai
11、n for then years.,Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,Correcting,1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3.J
12、ack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/for 5 years,came,did,catch,6.Ten years have passed since they got married.7.Jim has gone to Beijing fo
13、r 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice,has,has been in,did,open,been to,Have you gone to America?(误)Have you been to America?(正)1._ you _ to Japan before?2.His father isnt at home.He _ the supermarket now.3.Where is your class teacher?She _ the lib
14、rary.4.Linda and her parents _ to France twice.,重点句型:It is/has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+since从句,eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died,瞬间动词与现在完成时 瞬间动词不能用于持续性用法（表示一个从过去开始持续到现在的
15、用法）必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性动词。她父母已经死了十年了。Her parents have died for ten years.()Her parents have been dead for ten years.()I have bought a new apartment for a month 错误 I have had a new apartment for a month 正确,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to/reach borrowleave buy join start/begin finish/enddie,be in,have,ke
16、ep,be away,be in/a member of,be on,be over,be dead,Exercises,His father has died.(for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army.(since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing.(for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match h
17、as been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days,1.这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.
18、,A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die become a borrowLeave/move buy openjoin start/begin finish/endcatch a cold get up get to know get out close wake upgo to sleepbecome interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away/be out,be a,be in/a member of,be op
19、en,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/sleep,be interested in,Exercises,I am an American boy I came to China two years ago.I _(study)here for two years.My father often(take)me_(play)football on the playground.Last week I _(take)to the park by him.We saw a lot of
20、monkeys(jump)in the tree.I heard a voice from behind When I(walk)along the river.I thought myself.“It must_(be)Mr.Brown.He _(take)photos.”We_(enjoy)that day.We _(go)back to America next week.,have studied,takes,to play,Was taken,waked,jump,be,is taking,enjoyed,will go,构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(I have/Y
21、ou have/She has/He has/It has/Our have/They have/Our teacher has/Our school has/Mike has/Mary has)（规则动词变化同过去式/不规则变化见表）规则：(1)在词尾加-ed(2)e结尾在词尾加d(3)辅音+y,去y改成i加ed(4)元音字母+y在词尾加ed(5)重读闭音节且词尾为单个辅音字母，将词尾辅音字母双写加ed(6)重读r音节，双写r加ed不规则：ABC型(原形，过去式，过去分词均不同型)eg:do-did-done;swim-swam-swum;fly-flew-flown;drink-drank
22、-drunkABB型（过去式，过去分词同型）eg:build-built-built;think-thought-thought;buy-bought-boughtABA型（过去分词与动词原形同型）eg:run-ran-run;come-came-come;become-became-become;ABA型（过去式，过去分词，动词原型同型）eg:hit-hit-hit;sit-sit-sit;let-let-let;shut-shut-shut;cut-cut-cut;cost-cost-cost,现在完成时的否定句和疑问句 否定句直接在have/has后面加not，疑问句直接把have/ha
23、s放到句首。I have lost my pen.I have six lessons every day.Have you lost your pen?I dont have six lessons every day.I havent lost my pen.Do you have six lessons every day.缩写：I have done it.Ive done it.I have not done it I havent done it.(Have I not done it?Havent I done it?)He has done it.Hes done it.He has not done it.He hasnt done it.(Has he not done it?Hasnt he done it?)回答：Yes,He has/No,he hasnt,
