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1、骨髓细胞学检查,Bone Marrow Examination(BME),contents,The developmental sequence of marrow cellsIndications and contraindications of bone marrow examinationSpecimens collectionSteps of bone marrow examinationReport and evaluation of bone marrow examination,The developmental sequence of marrow cells,Bone Mar
2、row Blood Stem Cells Progenitor cells Mature cells Erythroid Erythrocytes Myelomonocytic Neutrophils/monocytes Myeloid Eosinophil Eosinophils T stem cells Basophil Basophils S Megakaryocytes Platelets C Lymphoid Lymphoid Lymphocytes stem cells,Development of progenitor cells,原红细胞 早幼红细胞 中幼红细胞 晚幼红细胞 红
3、细胞normoblast basophilic polychromatic orthochromatic erythrocyte normoblast normoblast normoblast原粒细胞 早幼粒细胞 中幼粒细胞 晚幼粒细胞 杆状核 分叶核myeloblast promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte stab segmented 嗜酸性 嗜碱性原单核细胞 幼单核 单核细胞原巨核细胞 幼巨核细胞 颗粒型巨核细胞 产血小板型巨核细胞 血小板原淋巴细胞 幼淋巴细胞 淋巴细胞,Indications of bone marrow examination,
4、Diagnose hematologic diseases-Definitive diagnosis：leukemia，multiple myeloma(MM)-Helpful diagnosis：idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)Diagnose non-hematologic diseases-Metabolic disorders：Gauchers disease，Niemann-Pick disease-Metastasis cancer Differential diagnosis of unexplained fever，enlarge
5、d liver，enlarged spleen etc.,Special consideration,Contraindication：severe bleeding disorders，for example hemophilia,Specimens collection,Marrow aspirationMarrow biopsy,Steps of bone marrow examination,BME under low power BME on oil lens,BME under low power,Assesment the degrees of marrow hyperplasi
6、aCount the number of megakaryocytes Observe abnormal cells,The degree of marrow hyperplasia,nucleated cells:erythrocytes ratio,Active proliferation,N:E 1:20,Marked hyperplasia,N:E 1:10,Extreme hyperplasia,N:E 1:1,Hypoplasia,N:E 1:50,Marked hypoplasia,N:E 1:200,Count the megakaryocytes,BME on oil len
7、s,Marrow differential count of 200 nucleated cells Morphologic examination of marrow cells,Oil immersion,Count the percentage of variouse cell types M:E ratio：the percentage of myeloid cells divided by the percentage of erythroide cells,Bone marrow report and evaluation,Degrees of marrow hyperplasia
8、,Nucleated cells:Erythrocytes 1:20 Degrees N:E Causes extreme hyperplasia 1:1 leukemia marked hyperplasia 1:10 leukemia,hyperplastic anemia active proliferation 1:20 normal bone marrow,anemia hypoplasia 1:50 aplastic anemia(chronic)marked hypoplasia 1:200 aplastic anemia(acute),M:E ratio,Myeloid ser
9、ies:Erythroid series 24:1 M:E Myeloid series Erythroid series Causes 24:1 N N normal bone marrow MM,ITP erythroleukemia aplastic anemia(AA)5:1 N AML or CML N pure red cell aplasia(PRCA)2:1 N agranulocytosis N hyperplastic anemiaN=normal=increase=decrease,Myeloid series,5060%of nucleated cells cell t
10、ype range myeloblasts 1%promyelocytes 5%myelocytes 15%metamyelocytes 15%,Erythroid series,20%of nucleated cells cell type range normoblasts 1%basophilic normoblasts 5%polychromatic normoblasts 10%orthothromatic normoblasts 10%,Others series,Lymphocytes：20%of nucleated cellsmonocytes：4%of nucleated c
11、ellsPlasma cells：2%of nucleated cellsMegakaryocytes：other cells or parasites：,Peripheral blood smear,WBCs differential countMorphologic examination of RBCsPlatelets,Make a diagnosis,Definitive diagnosisSupportive diagnosisDescriptive diagnosis,Review,Indications and contraindicationSteps of BMEEvaluation,
