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1、语法复习,动词时态形容词的比较级名词的单复数there be 结构can的用法序数词特殊疑问句冠词代词介词,动词时态,一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时,一般现在时:表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示主语的性格、能力、特征等,常与often,usually,sometimes,always,every day,on Sundays等时间状语连用。一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时(he she it),应用动词的单数第三人称形式。助动词:do/does 1)当主语是第一人称I,第二人称you,人称复数(we/you/they),名词复数时,用do2)当主语是第三人称单数(
2、he/she/it),人名,名词单数时,用does,一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do(Do
3、es)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?,例:1.I often go to school at 6:00.Do you go to school at half past six?Yes,I do.No,I dont.2.He usu
4、ally does his homework in the evening.Does he usually do his homework in the evening?Yes,he does.No,he doesnt 3.Mary flies kites on Sundays.Does Mary fly kites on Sundays?Yes,she does.No,she doesnt.,动词第三人称单数变化1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如:;makemakes s readreads z;2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”
5、,然后再加“es”读iz 如:flyflies z;studystudies z;3、以“s,x,sh,ch”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为iz 如:teachteaches iz;watchwatches iz 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如:gogoes z dodoes z,一般现在时用法专练一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy(be)in Class One.3.We(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Amy(not go)to the zoo on Sunda
6、y.5.Whatthey often(do)on Saturdays?6.She(go)to school from Monday to Friday.7.The child often(watch)TV in the evening.二、按照要求改写句子 1.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)2.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)3.Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句),一般过去时:表示过去的动作或状态,常有明确的时间状语。如:last weekend,yesterday.助动
7、词为did.Did后面加动词原形,一般过去时练习题1.I went to a park yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)_you_to a park yesterday?2.They took many pictures last Sunday.(变为否定句)They_ _many pictures last Sunday.3.I played football.(改为现在进行时)Im_football.4.Did she go to Hong Kong by plane?(变为陈述句)She_ _Hong Kong by plane.,小学阶段不规则动词全表InfinitivePast
8、 tenseInfinitivePast tense1.am,is was 2.keepkept3.arewere 4.become became 5.makemade 7.blow blew 8.read read9.buy bought 10.ride rode11.catch caught 12.run e came 14.say said 15.see saw 16.sing sang17.sit sat 6.beginbegan,18.do did 19.sleep slept20.draw drew 21.speak spoke22.drink drank 23.sweep swe
9、pt24.eat ate 25.take took26.fall fell 27.teach taught28.feed fed 29.tell told30.feel felt 31.think thought32.fly flew 33.throw threw34.forget forgot 35.get got36.givegave 37.wake woke38.go went 39.wear wore40.grow grew 41.win won42.have/has had 43.write wrote,一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或未来的情况、状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如
10、this afternoon,tomorrow,tonight,next week,in 3 days等。构成:be going to+动词原形,一般将来时还可以由助动词will+动词原形构成。,1.Im going to take a trip.(改为一般疑问句)_?2.He is going to climb mountains.(变为否定句)_.3.Amy is going to eat good food tommorrow.(改为一般过去时)Amy_ _ _ yesterday.4.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _
11、 _ play basketball.5.你们打算什么时候见面。When _ you _ _ meet?,现在进行时:表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。(与now连用)构成:助动词be的人称形式+现在分词(am is are)(动词+ing),一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _
12、(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.6.They _(not,water)the flowers now.,7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its
13、5oclock now.We _(have)supper now.10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,she is.三、句型转换:1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study.(对划线部分进行提问),be动词的用法am:当主语是第一人称I时,
14、用amis:当主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it),人名,名词单数时,用isare:当主语是第二人称you,人称复数(we/you/they),名词复数时,用are用括号内适当形式填空1.I_writing a letter.(be)2.we_cleaning our classroom.(be)3._you drawing pictures?(be)4.My father and mother _taking pictures.(be)5.Tom _listening to music.(be)6.It _raining now.(be),现在进行时练习Im having an Engl
15、ish class now.(改为一般疑问句)_?(改为否定句)_.(改为一般过去时)I_ _ _ _yesterday.,形容词的比较级:用于两者之间的比较,表示程度上“更高”,常用从属连词than连接。结构:“A+be(am/is/are)+形容词er+than+B”A比B.,名词单复数,1.名词前需要加an的单词:apple、elephant、eagle、ant、actor、actress、artist、engineer、egg、orange、eggplant 等2.不可数名词:不能用数字一个个数出来的词,没有复数形式,但可以用容器来表示量,如a cup of tea.还可用much,a
16、 little,little,some修饰表示多少,如There is only a little water.3.名词所有格:由名词加s构成,以s结尾的加。意为“的”,如the girls sister女孩的姐姐,单数变复数的变化规律单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:boy boys,pen pens。以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:glass glasses,box boxes,watch watches,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如:baby babies,lady ladies,fly flies。以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:tomato t
17、omatoes,potato potatoes,hero heroes。以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。如:life lives,leaf leaves等。不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish,sheep-sheep people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese mouse-mice,名词复数的不规则变化:1)单复同形 如:deer,sheep,f
18、ish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:two dollars;two meters2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are brave.中国人民是勇敢的。,3)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如a.maths,pol
19、itics,physics等学科名词,是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。4)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式
20、有时可表示特别意思如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼,写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_strawberry _thief _yo-yo _peach_sandwich _man_ woman_paper_juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_,There be 句型用法1.定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2.结构:(1)There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点
21、状语.(2)There are+复数名词+地点状语.就近原则:be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决定。eg.There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。#there be句型与have(has)的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,否定句 There be句型的否定式,在be后加上not或no即可。There are some pictures on the wall.There arent an
22、y pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.一般疑问句 把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。There are some fish in the water.Are there any fish in the water?some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句,There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:对主语提问:当主语是人时,用Whos+介词短语?;当主语是物时,用W
23、hats+介词短语?。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:There are many things over there.Whats over there?There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?对地点状语提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语?如:There is a computer on the desk.Where is the computer?There are four children on the playground.Wher
24、e are the four children?对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?,情态动词can的用法 一、基本用法 1.表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意为“能;会”等。例如:Can you speak English?你会讲英语吗?Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?2.表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句表示不允许。例如:Can I help you?我能帮助你吗?You cant play baske
25、tball.你不能玩篮球。Can you.?“请你好吗?”表示说话人的请求;Can I.?“我可以吗?”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如在句末加上 please一词就显得更有礼貌了。例如:Can you help me,please?请你帮助我好吗?3.表示可能。例如:He can be at home now.他现在可能在家。,二、can的句式变化如下:在变否定句时,直接在我后加上“not”,可缩写成cant或cannot,但不能写成cannt。例如:He can swim.He cant swim.2.在变一般疑问句时,把can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人
26、称)即可。例如:I can see an orange on the table.Can you see an orange on the table?其回答可用Yes,OK或Certainly等作肯定回答;用No或Sorry等作否定回答。例如:Can you look after my books,please?你能照看一下我的书吗?OK.可以。用Certainly回答。此时语气更为肯定。例如:Can I see your pen?我能看看你的钢笔吗?Certainly.当然可以。,基数词变序数词英语中基数词变为序数词时,一般在基数词后加词尾-th,但有几个词变化特殊,要记住下面这个口诀 一
27、、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。解析口诀:onefirst,twosecond,threethird这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eighteighth,nineninth,八去t,九去e后再加-th;fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,五、十二把ve换成f再加-th;twentytwentieth,thirtythirtieth.整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。,情态动词must用法 must 和其他情态动词一
28、样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,表示某种语气和情态。a.在肯定句中,must 表示“必须;应该”的意思,后者一般指在第一人称中。如:I must(我应该),we must(我们应该),其它人称一般表示“必须”的意思。b.变成否定句,要在 must 之后加 not,常常缩写成 mustnt,均表示“禁止;不可以;不许可;不允许”等意思。如:Children mustnt play on the road.Its very dangerous.孩子们不允许在路上玩耍,这样非常危险。,c.变成一般疑问句要将 must 提到句子开头(并将第一个字母大写),此时它表示“必须”的意思,注意它的简略答
29、语用:Yes,主语+must.或 No,主语+neednt.neednt 表示“不必”,即没有这个必要。如:Must I go home now?我现在必须回家吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须回家。(No,you neednt.不,你不必。)d.must 还可以表示肯定的、较为有把握的推测,意为“一定;肯定”等。如:The door is open.He must be at home.门开着,他一定在家。,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”来回
30、答。如:What is this?Its a computer.What does he do?Hes a doctor.Where are you going?Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?Mike.,特殊疑问词what 什么 where 哪里 who 谁 whose 谁的 when 什么时候 how 怎样 which 哪一个what colour 什么颜色what day 星期几 what date 日期 what class 什么班why 为什么 what time 什么时候 ho
31、w many 多少 what subject 什么科目how much 多少钱 how often 多经常 how long 多长时间 how old 多大how tall 多高 how heavy 多重,特殊疑问词。问什么What 问哪里Where 问怎么样How问谁Who问什么时候When问为什么Why问什么颜色What colour 问哪一个Which问谁的Whose 问星期几What day 问什么国家What country问什么日期What date 问多久How long问什么语言What language问什么科目What subject 问什么形状What shape问多少H
32、ow many 问什么城市What city 问多少钱How much问多少岁How old问什么时候What time 问多经常How often问多高How tall 问多重How heavy问什么季节What season问什么动物What animal(s),其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少(数量)),how much(多少(钱)),how tall(多高),how long(多长),how big(多大),how heavy(多重)例句:How many pencils do you have?I have three penc
33、ils.How many girls can you see?I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom?There are 51.,heavy tall long much many big far often(1)How is the Yellow River?(2)How is Mr Green?Hes 175cm.(3)How are your feet?I wear size 18.(4)How is the white T-shirt?Its 100 yuan.(5)How apples are t
34、here in the bag?There are 5.(6)How is the fish?Its 2kg.,冠词,分类:不定冠词a/an 用在单数名词前,“一个”定冠词the 用在单数或复数名词前1.不定冠词的用法1)在辅音音素开头的词前用a;在元音音素开头的词前用an。如:a bus,an eye2)泛指某类中的某一个,但又没具体的说明是哪一个。I met an old man in the school.2.定冠词的用法1)用于特定的人或物前。Whos the boy in the pictures.2)用于曾提到的人或事前。3)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。The earth 地球,4
35、)用在形容词,表示一类人。the rich 富人 the young年轻人5)用在序数词前。The bus was the first to arrive.6)用在乐器前,表示演奏。Play the piano7)用在形式的复数名词前,表示一家人。The Browns are very friendly.布朗一家人3.不用冠词的情况1)节假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前通常不用冠词。I was born in July,1988.2)球类、三餐、茶点等名词前不用冠词。play football,代词,分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。英语中出现几个人称代词,如果是
36、单数则按照二三一(you,he/she,I);如果是复数则按照一二三(we,you,they)。,人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 我I me my mine 你 you you your yours 他 he him his his 她she her her hers 它 it it its its 我们we us our ours 你们you you your yours他们they them their theirs,反身代词,第一人称myself ourselves 我自己 我们自己第二人称yourself yourselves第三人称himself herself t
37、hemselves itself,指示代词单数 this 这个 that 那个 复数 these 这些 those 那些不定代词some 一些,用于肯定句中。any一些,用于否定句和疑问句中。Many 许多,后接可数名词much许多,后接不可数名词A few 少量,少数,后接可数名词Few 几乎没有,后接可数名词A little 一点,后接不可数名词All 三者或三者以上都both 两者都,介词,时间介词at,on,in的用法 1at用在具体的时刻和中午前面。如:at 6:00,at seven thirty,at noon2on用在具体星期、日期前面。如:on Monday,on September 1st 3in 用在年、月、季节或早上、下午、晚上的前面。如:in 2008,in May,in spring,in the morning4.before表示时间“在之前”。after表示时间“在之后”。,方位介词at 表示在面积较小的地方旁边in 表示“在里面”。on表示两个物体的表面相互接触。behind 在的后面over在上面,高于,不与物体表面接触under在.正下方between在两者之间,