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1、 _ loneliness has always been a friend of mineIm leaving my life in your handsPeople say Im crazy and _ I am blindRisking it all in a glance _ you got me blind is still a mysteryI cant get you out of my headDont care what is written in your historyAs long as youre here with meI dont care _ you are，_
2、 youre from，what you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere youre fromDont care _ you didAs long as you love meEvery little thing _ you have said and doneFeels like its deep within meDoesnt really matter if youre on the runIt seems like（as if）were meant to be,How,who,where,what,that,Although,that
3、,句子的分类,简单句,并列句,复合句,1.and,not onlybut also,neither nor,notbut等表示递进2.or,eitheror,otherwise等表示选择3.but,yet等表示转折4.so,for等表示因果,形容词性从句-定语从句,副词性从句-状语从句,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,Grammar,Noun Clause,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句
4、在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,宾语,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,1.I suggested that we(shou
5、ld)take part in this competition.2.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.3.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.4.The problem is whether you can sing it well.5.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,Guess,6.What he wants is a book.7.That he wants a book is c
6、ertain.8.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.9.This is why he did it.10.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?,主语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句,名词性从句的引导词：,连接词:that、if、whether、as if/though,无意义,2.连接代词:who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever,3.
7、连接副词：when、where、why、how,“是否”,作主/宾/表/定,“似乎”,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序,1.The photographs will show you _ A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,1.名词性从句一定用陈述语序,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where do
8、es he live?(),How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,2.疑问词引导的名词性从句也必须使用陈述句语序,1.Do you know_?A.who will clean the classroom B.how long will they stay hereC.what did he say D.where he has gone 2.Do you know_?A.what is t
9、he matter with himB.what the matter is with himC.what wrong is with him,What is wrong/matter即是疑问句同时又是陈述语序，无需变换语序。,1.I think,though I could be mistaken,_ she liked me.A.who B.which C.that D.what2.He told me the news,believe it or not,_ he had earned$1 000 in a single day.A.that B.which C.as D.because
10、,though I could be mistaken,believe it or not,3.插入语不影响语序,Since you have seen both fighters,_ will win?A.do you think who B.who you think C.whoever D.who do you think2.Id like to know _ to her.A.what do you think has happened B.do you think what has happened C.what you think has happened D.you think
11、what has happened3.Could you tell me _?A.where do you think the accident happened B.where you think the accident happened C.do you think where the accident happened D.where you think did the accident happen,More practice,1.that与what 的区别,What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is tru
12、e.,that 只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任 何成分,引导主语从句不可省略,在宾语从句 中有时可省。what 既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语、定语,任何情况下都不能省略！,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,句型转换1.He is no longer what he used to be.He is no longer _ _ _ he used to be.2.China is no longer what it was.China is no longer _ _ _ it was.3.I was completely confused about what you said
13、.=I was completely confused about _ _ you said.,the,person,that,the,country,that,根据语境，what可翻译为“时间、地点、人物、数目”,all that,1)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matterPerseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A.why B.what C.
14、that D.where,what=allthat,everythingthat 含义：表示“的东西或事情”：,1)He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？2)I want to be loved and liked for_ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how,what 含义：“的人
15、或的样子”（身份或地位）,A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.when C.where D.that This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。,what=allthat,everythingthat 含义：的地方,1)At last the soldier reached _ the locals called the Golden Triangle.A.what B.when C.where D.that 2)In s
16、ome countries,_ are called“public schools”are not owned by the public.A.which B.what C.where D.that,What one calls./What s called 含义：所谓的;人们称之为的,1)Hes _ as a bellyacher-hes always complaining about something A.who is known B.whom is known C.what is known D.which is known 2)_ some people regard as a d
17、rawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How,What one knows as/What s known as What one regards as/Whats regarded as 含义：人们称之为的,1.He asked whether/if Mary had attended the class.2.Whether it is true remains a problem.3.It depends on whether we have got enough money.4.The pro
18、blem is whether should we do it.5.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.5.It is hard to decide whether or not he is bad.,2.if 与whether?,Conclusion?,1.主语从句2.表语从句3.同位语从句4.介词后的宾语从句5.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（to do）6.whether or not 直接连用时不用if7 discuss 后接一般问句变来的宾语从句,只能使用whether 的情况：,请你归纳,I asked her _ she had
19、a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.It depends on _ well have enough money.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon
20、.8.I dont know _ to go.9.We are discussing _Baiqian and Yehua will live together forever in the film.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,whether,3.that省略?,Conclusion?,1.That he is still alive is unbelievable.2.It is unbelievable that he is still alive.3.
21、I find it necessary that we should study English.4.He said(that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.5.The problem is that her parents cant accept me.6.The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句(包括it做形式主语的主语从句)表语从句同位语从句用i
22、t做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的第一个that可以省略,后几个从句的引导词that不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He to
23、ld me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),三、形式主语与形式宾语,“It”is used as empty subject,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.That they should like each other is natural._2.Whether he will go there is not known._,It is n
24、atural that they should like each other.,It is not known whether he will go there.,1.It+be+形容词(likely/possible/important/necessary/clear)+that 从句,2.It+be+名词词组(our duty/a pity/no wonder/a fact.)+that 从句,3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought/reported/announced.)+that 从句,4.It+不及物动词(seems/happens/appears/prove.)+th
25、at 从句,it作主语的常用句型,1.I consider it necessary that we should learn English well2.We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.3.He has made it clear that he will not give in.,it作充当形式宾语的常用句型,make/find/feel/consider/think/expect+it+adj/n.+that宾从(/to do),(2)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it.这类动词(词组)
26、有hate/like/enjoy/love/dislike it+that/whensee to it that;rely/depend/count on it+thatappreciate it if/take it for granted that,I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.You can depend on it that theyll support you.Please see to it that the door is locked.I will appreciate it if you could help
27、 me.,由动词不定式或动名词充当的真正主语或宾语也可以用it替代,It is a challenging task to learn a foreign language.It is fun wandering in the countryside.I find it very boring to stay inside all day long.,1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004)A.this B.that
28、C.it D.one3.他发现很难使别人理解他.He found _.,it,it difficult to make himself understood,it,四：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,I wish it _(be)spring all the year round.I wish I_(
29、know)the answer.I wish I_(fly)like a bird.,were,had known,could fly,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we(should)leave here at once.(主动）The doctor ordered she(should)be operated on.（被动）,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的
30、运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you should be so careless.,It is desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that she should finish her
31、 homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.,名词性从句其他注意点,他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered _(is/are)still unknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一
32、个主语从句，谓语动词依然用单数形式。,总结归纳：,When they will start and where they will go _(be)still unknown.,何时何地开会还没有决定。,When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.,are,has,一、主谓一致,他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。He believes _.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,at this time yeste
33、rday,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,what you were doing,二、宾语从句的时态问题,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓
34、语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,表语从句的常用结构,1.That is where/when/how/why2.The reason why is that,发生某种状况的原因是,这就是的地方、时间、方式、原因,The reason why I am late is that I had a cold.,I had a cold.That is why I am late.,三、表语从句,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he
35、 gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,why,that,that,that,reason后的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that引导。,reason问题,I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,肯定句中用 if/whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he
36、 is telling the truth.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out.Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,四、doubt,1.makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.2.Experts believe people can waste less fo
37、od by shopping only when it is necessary.3.Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.4._one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.5.Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.6.It remains to be seen _ the newly form
38、ed committees policy can be put into practice.,What,that,how,Whichever,that,whether,7._ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.8.I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.9.Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.10.The only wa
39、y to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.11.struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.12.From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.,What,What,wh
40、at,that,What,because,AnEnglishproverbsays_1_timeismoney.ButIdoubt_2_itisreallytrueornot.Inmyopinion,timeiseven_3_preciousthanmoney.Why?_4_whenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeis_5_(go),itwillneverreturn._6_isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforemysuggestionisthatwe_7_(make)ful
41、luseofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveourcountryinthefuture.Butitisapity_8_therearealotofpeoplewhodonotrealizetimeisofgreatvalueand_9_wastingtimeisequaltowastingtheirlife.Theyspendtheirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaword,weshouldformthegoodhabitofsavingtime.Donotputoff_10_canbedonetodayuntil
42、 tomorrow.,that,whether,more,Because,gone,It,make,that,that,what,It is well known that.As we all know,.What is known to us all is that.,众所周知，杨幂是一位很受欢迎的女演员。,The reason why.is that.,她受欢迎的原因是她在很多影片中担任过女主角。,What impressed me most was that.,最使我印象深刻的是她嫁给了刘恺威，还生了小糯米.,What I want to highlight is that she and Zhao youting made a breakthrough in the film“Life after Life,Blooms over Blooms”.It is said that It is extraordinary that,
