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1、Automobile basic construction汽车构造基础,Automobile components,Whats the main parts,of an automobile?,汽车主要包括哪几部分呢？,Body,Steering,Engine+Gear boxBrakingPower train,Electrical system,Chassis,Automobile components,Suspension,Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate,individual parts that must wo
2、rk together.These parts can begrouped into four major categories:body,engine,chassis andelectrical equipment。,现在的车辆一般都由,15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。,Automobile components,The engine acts as the power unit.The internal combustion engine is most common:this obtains its power by
3、burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder.There are two types of engine:gasoline and diesel,1.Engine,发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机和柴油机,1.1The basic performance principle of four-stroke gasoline engine 四冲程汽油机基本工作原理,1.Engine,1.Intake stroke吸气行程2.Compression stroke压缩行程
4、3.Working stroke做功行程4.Exhaust stroke排气行程,1.2Engine Overall Mechanics发动机总体构造,1.Engine,The engine has hundreds of other parts.It includes two mechanism,six systems，they are1.crank mechanism2.valve train3.intake system4.ignition system5.cooling system6.lubrication system 7.exhaust system Each of these
5、systems has a definite function.These systems will discussed in detail next.,发动机有上百个零部件，发动机是由两个机构和五大系统组成的，他们分别是曲柄连杆机构，配气机构，进气系统，点火系统，冷却系统，润滑系统，和排气系统。每个系统都有一定的功能。这些系统将在下面详细讨论。,1.2.1 crank mechanism 曲柄连杆机构 Crank mechanism is the main moving parts of the engine,it helps engine complete operating cycle
6、and energy conversion.曲柄连杆机构是发动机实现工作循环，完成能量转换的主要运动部分。,1.Engine,Crank mechanism includes Body group机体组:cylinder block,cylinder head,gasket,crankcase,cylinder liners and oil pan气缸体，气缸盖、气缸垫、曲轴箱、汽缸套及油底壳,1.Engine,Piston rod Group:pistons,piston rings,piston pins,connecting rods活塞连杆组：活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆,1.Engin
7、e,Crankshaft Flywheel Group:crankshaft,flywheel,torsional damper,balancer曲轴飞轮组：曲轴、飞轮、扭转减振器、平衡轴,1.Engine,1.2.2valve train配气机构The function of valve train is make sure the intake and exhaust valves can open and close at just the right time.配气机构的功能就是确保进气门和排气门在正确的时间打开和关闭,1.Engine,valve train includes val
8、ves,valve guides,valve seats and valve springs,camshaft，timing gear,tappet and guide rods,push rod,rocker气门，气门导管，气门座和气门弹簧，凸轮轴、正时齿轮、挺柱及其导杆，推杆、摇臂,1.Engine,1.2.3intake system进气系统Intake system includes an air filter,intake manifold,inlet gate mechanism，it supply engine with fresh air进气系统包括空气滤清器、进气歧管、进汽门
9、机构，它为发动机提供新鲜空气,1.Engine,1.2.4 exhaust system排气系统Exhaust system refers to the collection and emissions systems,including exhaust manifold,exhaust pipe，converters,mufflers排气系统指收集并且排放废气的系统，包括排气歧管、排气管、催化转化器和消音器,1.Engine,1.2.5ignition system点火系统The automobile ignition system has two basic functions;it mu
10、st control the spark and timing of the spark plug firing to match varying engine requirements,and it must increase battery voltage to a point where it will overcome the resistance offered by the spark plug gap and fire the plug 汽车点火系统有两个基本功能;它必须控制火花塞点火的时间以匹配发动机的要求，它必须增加电池电压到一个点，能克服火花塞间隙的阻力并点火。It usu
11、ally consists of a battery,a generator,distributor,ignition coil and spark plugs.通常由蓄电池、发电机、分电器、点火线圈和火花塞等组成,1.Engine,1.2.6 cooling system冷却系统The cooling system can control the engine work an appropriate temperature.It is necessary to prevent engine overheating,but also to prevent the engine too cold
12、ing in winter.冷却系统使发动机在适当的温度范围内工作。它既要防止发动机过热，也要防止冬季发动机过冷。It includes water pump,radiator,cooling fan,thermostat,water jacket and other ancillary devices.它包括水泵、散热器、冷却风扇、节温器、水套以及其他附属装置。,1.Engine,1.2.7 lubrication system润滑系统 To ensure the normal operation of the engine,the surfaces of relative motion p
13、arts of the engine must be lubricated.为保证发动机的正常工作，必须对发动机内相对运动部件表面进行润滑.It mainly includes oil pump,oil filter,oil cooler,oil,and pipelines它主要包括机油泵，机油滤清器，油冷器，机油，和管路。,1.Engine,The chassis includes four system,they are:底盘包括四大系统，他们分别是Power train system:conveys the drive to the wheels传动系统：把动力传递到车轮Steering
14、 system:controls the direction of movement转向系统：控制车辆行驶的方向Suspension system:absorbs the road shocks悬架系统：吸收来自路面的冲击Braking system:slows down or stops the vehicle制动系统：使车辆减速或者停下,2.Chassis底盘,2.1 Power train system传动系统The power train system is provided with reducing the speed,variable speed,backing up,break
15、 the engine power,differential between the wheels,and between axles.Working with engine,it can guarantee a car in normal driving under various working conditions,and has good power performance and fuel economy.传动系统具有减速、变速、倒车、中断动力、轮间差速和轴间差速等动能，与发动机配合工作，能保证汽车在个各种工况条件下的正常行驶，并具有良好的动力性和经济性。,2.Chassis底盘,1
16、.clutch 离合器2.transmission 变速器3.universial joints 万向节4.drive axle 驱动桥5.Differential 差速器6.half axle 半轴7.final drive 主减速器8.drive shaft 传动轴,2.Chassis底盘,Power train system includes,2.2 Steering system 转向系统 The direction motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system.A basic steering system has 3 ma
17、in parts:steering control mechanism,steering gear,steering linkage mechanism which connecting wheels and steering gear.转向系控制汽车行驶方向，一般由三部分组成：转向操纵机构,转向器、连接车轮和转向器的转向传动机构。,2.Chassis底盘,2.2 Steering system1.Steering wheel 方向盘2.Steering shaft 转向轴3.Knuckle 转向节4.driving wheel 转向轮5.Steering arm 转向节臂6.Tie-rod
18、转向横拉杆7.Steering damper 转向减震器8.Steering gear 转向器,2.Chassis底盘,2.3Suspension system 悬架系统The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle bodyfrom road shocks and vibrations,which will otherwise be transferred to thepassengers and load.The basic suspension system consists of sprin
19、gs,axles,shock absorbers,arms,rods and ball joints.整个悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路面的冲击和振动对车身的影响，防止传递给乘员和货物。悬架系统的基本组成包括弹性元件、车桥、减震器、杆系和球副组成的导向机构。,2.Chassis底盘,2.3Suspension systemAccording to different guiding structure,there are two types：independent Suspension，and non-independent Suspension.根据不同的结构有两种悬架：独立悬架和非独立悬架,2
20、.Chassis底盘,2.4 Braking system 制动系统General working principles of the brake system is using mutual friction between fixed and rotating parts to prevent wheel-turning or turning trends.制动系统的一般工作原理是，利用固定部分和旋转部分之间的相互摩擦来阻止车轮的转动或转动的趋势。,2.Chassis底盘,2.4 Braking system1.Brake pedal 制动踏板2.Push rod 推杆3.Main cyl
21、inder piston制动主缸活塞4.main cylinder制动主缸5.pipeline油管6.Brake wheel cylinder制动轮缸7.piston活塞8.Drum brake制动鼓9.friction plate制动盘10.brake shoe制动蹄11.Brake baseplate制动底板,2.Chassis底盘,2.4 Braking systemA better braking system should have braking force distribution devices(EBD),anti-lock brake system(ABS),Electron
22、ic Stability Program(ESP),Electrical Parking Brake（EPB）attachments.较完善的制动系还具有制动力调节装置(EBD)、防抱死装置(ABS)、电子稳定程序(ESP)、电子驻车制动系统(EPB)等附加装置。,2.Chassis底盘,An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,doors,a hood,and a trunk deck built into it.It provides a protective covering for the engine,passeng
23、ers,and cargo.The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.The body styling provides an attractive,colorful,modern appearance for the vehicle.车身有窗户，门，盖，内饰等组成，它为发动机，乘客及货物提供空间和保护。车身的设计要让乘客安全并乘坐舒适。对于乘用汽车，车身要动感，色彩绚丽，现代化。,3.Car body车身,天窗挡风玻璃车外后视镜,格栅大灯保险杠牌照指示灯防护板,前翼子板,车轮,车轮装饰,盖,门梁柱,车窗车门,雨刷
24、顶棚梁柱发动机舱罩,顶棚行李箱,门把手后视镜,尾灯后翼子板三角窗,3.Car body车身,Automobile electronics degree has been seen as an important indicator to measure the level of the modern automobile,it is used to develop new models,improve vehicle performance.And modern automobile electronics increasingly higher and higher.汽车电子化的程度被看作是
25、衡量现代汽车水平的重要标志，是用来开发新车型，改进汽车性能最重要的技术措施。现代汽车电子化越来越高,4.Electrical equipment电器,Body Electronics车身电子Auxiliary Protection System(SRS),air-conditioning electronic control system,tire pressure monitoring system(TPMS),window mirror control systems,security systems,seat adjustment systems,digital instrument包括辅助防护系统（SRS）、空调电控系统、胎压检测系统（TPMS）、车窗后视镜控制系统、防盗系统、座椅调节系统、数字仪表等。,4.Electrical equipment电器,Car communications and entertainment electronics systems汽车通讯与娱乐电子系统Including automobile steering system,global positioning system(GPS),car audio.包括汽车驾驶系统、全球定位系统（GPS）、汽车音响等。,4.Electrical equipment电器,Thank you,
