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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时的学习目标,主菜单,上一页,下一页,2.掌握现在完成时的构成,1.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法,3.熟记现在完成时标志词,4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化,5.区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和have/has been in,6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时,（助动词）have/has+动词过去分词,主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语,have:第一、二/复数has:第三人称单数,规则动词:+ed不规则动词,一，现在完成时的构成,二，现在完成时的否定和疑问,.陈述句
2、：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他分。3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,句型转换：1、My parents have known the face.(改为否定句）My parents _ _the face.2、He has been to the aquarium lots of times.(改 为否定句）He _ _to the aquarium lots of times.3、She has visited Disneyland.(改为一般疑问句）_
3、 she _ Disneyland?4、Have they ever been to an amusement park?(做出肯定回答和否定回答）,havent known,hasnt been,Has,visited,Yes,they have.,No,they havent,三.用法,(一)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.,1，He has cleaned the blackboard.Look!(他已经擦过黑板了,结果是黑板很干净。)2，I have ha
4、d breakfast.,例句：,1.I have cleaned my room.我已打扫了房间。2.He hasnt finished his homework.他还没完成作业。3.Have you read this novel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,I have.是的，看过了。No,I havent.不，没看过。4.We have studied English for two years.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.They havent seen each other since 1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。,现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.already在现在
5、完成时中的用法肯定句:句中(助后实前),一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”,Eg:Ive already had breakfast.Have you had breakfast already?,2.yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Eg.I havent had breakfast yet.Have you had breakfast yet?,注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg.I have already done my homework.否定句:一般疑问句:,I havent
6、 done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3.ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”,Eg.Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?,4.never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg：Ive never been toBeijing.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”,Eg.He has ever made dumplings.否定
7、句:,Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.,He has never made dumplings.,5.just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg：Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?,6.before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末,表示“以前”Eg：Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?,1.already 已经”（肯定句句中，疑问句句尾）2.yet“还”（否定句句尾）“已经”(疑问句句尾）3.ever“曾经”
8、（肯定句和疑问句句中）4.never“从来也不”（否定句句中）5.just“刚刚”（肯定句句中）6.before“以前”(句尾）,现在完成时还可与1.so far(到目前为止）,2.recently(最近）3.in/during the last/past+时间段：在过去的.(时间)里连用,I _ the work yet.,He _for an hour.,I _just _ the letter.,_you _ him since then?,How long _you _in the house?,1、我刚刚写完信.,2、他已经等了一个小时.,3、我还没有完成这一项工作.,4、从那时起你
9、就认识他吗？,5、你在这所房子里住了多久了？,Exercises,have,written,has waited,have not finished,Have,known,have,lived,标志词,1.I _(do)my homework already.2.He _(not finished)his homework yet.3._you ever _(be)to Beijing?4.We _ never _(see)such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean)the house.Please dont come in.,h
10、ave done,has not finished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,用所给动词的适当形式填空,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly
11、 one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,ha
12、vent visited,6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)10.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,(二).表示一个从过去开
13、始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和 for或since引导的时间状语连用.(用延续性动词）,We have learnt English for more than six years.我已经学了6年多的英语。(从6年前开始,持续到现在还在学),He has lived here since ten years ago.,用法：,1.for+,Eg：I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2.since+,句子(一般过去时),(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg：I have bee
14、n here since 2000./last year.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,一段时间+ago,1.1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。2.自从7年前我就认识 汤姆了 3.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词,上一页,下一页,主菜单,注意):对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.,Eg.I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,Sh
15、e has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,1.Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2.Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3.His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4.Mary is in her office.She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.India has been an independent country _1974.6.The bus is late.
16、Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.,since,since,since,for,for,for,重点1、Since or For?,6.We _(learn)English for three years/since two years ago/since 2006.7.Mr.Green _(be)in China for three years.8.They _(write)15 songs so far.4.The population _(grow)more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has be
17、en,have written,has grown,注意:短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,Eg：(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.（误）The old man has died since 2 years ago.（正）The old man has been dead since 2 years ago.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法,常用的非延续性动词，如 come,go,leave,arrive,join,die,begin
18、,finish,open,close,buy,borrow 等，它们的完成时不能与段时间状语连用，若句中有表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词形式。,例：（误）He has come to Jinan for two weeks.（正）He has been in Jinan for two weeks.1）、come to=be in,2）、leave=be away（from）例：They left the town two days ago.They have been away from the town since two days ago.,4）join=be in=
19、be a member of/be a.member例：She joined the League three months ago.She has been in the League for three months.She has been a member of the League for three months.She has been a League member since three months ago.,5）die=be dead例：The man died five years ago.The man has been dead for five years.,6）
20、begin=be on例：The film began ten minutes ago.The film has been on since ten minutes ago.,7）buy=have例：We bought the house two years ago.We have had the house for two years.,8）borrow=keep例：She borrowed the books a week ago.She has kept the books for a week.,9)open=be open;close=be closed finish=be over
21、,巧记10个短暂性动词的转换：开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家。,非延续性动词在现在完成时句中的运用：,A.非延续性动词延续性动词,buy,borrow,have,keep,B.将非延续性动词 be+形容词/副词,come/go(to)-be in/at leave-be away(from)start/begin-beon arrive-be in/atdie-be dead open-be openclose-be closed reach-be in/atfinish-be over return-be backbecome-bejoin-be in/be a member of/be a
22、.member,判断正误,1.I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years。2.He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.3.I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 10 years.,同意句1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.I _
23、 _the library book_two days.2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.A.The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes ago.B.The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes.3.My brother joined the Party last year.A.My brother _ _ _the Party since last year.B.My brother_ _ _ party member since last year.,have kept,for,has been on,has been
24、 on,has been in,has been a,since,for,5.That dog died last month.That dog_ _ _since last month.6.He has had the bike for two years.A.Two years_ _since he _the bike.B.Its _ _since he_the bike.C.He _the bike two years_.,has been dead,has passed,bought,two years bought,bought ago,4.He left Nanjing two y
25、ears ago.He_ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,been away from,（四）have/has been to,have/has gone to have/has been in 的用法区别,1.Have/has been to+地名:曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2.have/has gone to+地名:去某地了，现在没有回来，人 不在说话地点。3.have/has been in+地名:呆在某地。指一种存在状态巧记：been to，gone to been in 意不同，have
26、/has been to：曾经去过某地（已回来）have/has gone to：去某地了(在途中或已到）（只能用于第三人称）have/has been in for+时间段：呆在某地.（时间）,He Shanghai.他去上海了。,He Shanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,He Shanghai for about ten years.他在上海已经待了大约十年。,重点2、比较have been to/in和have gone to,has gone to,has been to,has been in,用have/has been to和have/has gone to填空1.Hi，Lu
27、cy，you ever Beijing？No，I.2.What about your sister，Lily？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,用have been to,have gone to,和have been in 适当形式填空1.Jane to BeiJing.She will come back tomorrow.2.Hello,this is Mr.Green speaking.Can I speak to Mr
28、.Black?-Sorry.He the Bainiao Park.3.-you ever to the US?-Yes,twice.4.The Greens China for about ten years.,练一练,5、My father Beijing twice.6、Grandpa Li Henan since 2007.7、I have never the water park.8、Jack,I havent seen your brother for a long time._He Shanghai on business for two months.,用have/has be
29、en to,have/has been in或have/has gone to填空-Where is your brother?-He _ the shop.Hell be back soon.2.-_ you ever _ America?-Yes,I _ New York twice.3.-Here you are at last!Where _ you _?-I _ London for two months.-When did you come back,then?-I came back only this morning.,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _yo
30、ur pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.We _ this class since last
31、 week.5.-How long _ you _ China?-Two years.6.-David _ Australia.-Im sure hes already arrived.,固定句型：It is+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed+since+句子(一般过去时),Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,练习,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came her
32、e,Two days has passed since I came here,It_(be)ten years since I _(finish)middle school.,ishas been finished,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He live
33、d in Bejing in 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到yesterday,Last year,in May,in+过去某一年，two days ago,the other day,just now等就用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京两天了。,He went to Beijing yesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）,II.将下列句子中的
34、动词改为现在完成时.John is drawing a picture.I write my name on the4 card.Tom blows out the light.The cat drinks its milk.The tree falls across the road.My parents give me a present.,John has drawn a picture.I have written my name on the card.Tom has blown out the light.The cat has drunk its milk.The tree ha
35、s fallen across the road.My parents have given me a present.,单项选择He _ working.A.have just started B.has just startedC.Has just stars D.has just started2._ you _ your suitcase yet?Do,pack B.did,pack C.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I _ my room already.have tidied B.had tidied C.have tidiedD.will tidy4.There
36、 _ several meetings during the past few days.A.Have been B.has been C.will be D.are,5.I _ my plane ticket,but I cant find it.will buy B.would buy C.have boughtD.have buyed6.-What has Denis done?-He _ over a vase.has knocked B.had knocked C.knockedD.is knocking7.Everything is all right;nothing _.is h
37、appened B.was happened C.will be happened D.has happened8.They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money.are spending B.have spent C.spendD.will spend,4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ag
38、o.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,havent visited,6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)10.W
39、e have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,1.去年我去了苏州。,We went to Suzhou last year.,2.我每天早上7：00起床。,I get up at 7:00 every day.,3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。,I am going to visit my teacher next week.,4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。,Look!The girl is crying over there.,5.汤姆去过北京2次了。,Tom has been to Beijing twice.,6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。,He has lived there for ten year.,Thank you!,
