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1、,汉译英常用的句子结构(一)Chinese-English Translation V.S Basic Verb Patterns 保证译文通顺地道，最基本的是总体结构要安排合理。S+Vi.：The sun rises.The birds dwell/live in a tree by a pond.The monk knocks at the door under the moon.在量上有所得，在质上必有所失。If anything gains in quantity,it must lose in quality.安全第一，保质保量。Safety first,quantity and q
2、uality guaranteed.牛郎织女，每年7月7相会。The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl meet on the evening of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month each year.我们不是为了吃而活着，而是为活着而吃。We dont live to eat,but we eat to live.,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,2.S+Link verb+Predicative 良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。Honest advice sounds unpleasant,just as good
3、medicine tastes bitter.but beneficial to your conducts but useful to for your illness“三个代表”理论是我们党的立党之本，执政之基和力量之源。The“Three Represents”theory is the foundation for building the party,the cornerstone for its exercise of state power,and a source of its strength.(执政党-a ruling party)老板似乎没有意识到雇员们日益增长的不满情绪
4、。The boss seems unaware of the mounting/increasing/growing dissatisfaction among his employees.很少有旅行家的记录有马克波罗写的生动，有内容。Few of the travels of other travelers are as lively/vivid and informative as Marco Polos.扩展：卢沟桥-Marco Polo Bridge美国人爱好活动并富于独立精神。The Americans are fond of activities,and they are rich
5、 in the spirit of independence.,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,3.S+Vt.+O 我看出了他的心事。I could read his thoughts.苏先生以优异成绩通过了硕士研究生考试。Mr.Su passed the post-graduate entrance examination with honors.（with honors=以优异成绩）勤能补拙。Diligence makes up the deficiency in ability.我旅行时总是坐三等舱。When I travel/make a journey,I always take thi
6、rd class.扩展：first class cabin/cabin class/third class(also tourist class)一/二/三等舱,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,4.S+Vt.+O1+O2give/teach/buy/envy sb.sth to do sb.justice公允地说To do him justice,hes not a bad man.公允地说，他不是个坏人。to do oneself justice做出应做的努力,发挥自己的才能 to win sb.FameThe second novel had won him international fam
7、e.他的第二本小说给他带来了国际声誉。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father has bought me a new bike.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Will you please get me a new copy?我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour.,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,5.S+Vt.+O
8、+Oc.如今，他觉得他的生活有说不出的空虚。Now he feels his life unspeakable empty.她最近的独唱专辑使她在流行乐坛声名大振。Her latest solo album has made her famous in the world of popular music.Her latest solo album has made her a big name in the circle of popular music.建筑工地的噪音使附近的居民晚上几乎无法入睡。The noise from the construction set makes it ne
9、arly impossible for the residents living nearby to fall asleep at night.,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,6.Lifeless n.as a subject无生命名词作主语这样更符合英语表达习惯，使句子简明扼要。突然间我想起了一个好主意。A good idea suddenly came upon me.A good idea suddenly shot into my mind.你在想什么？Whats in your mind?你有什么心事？Whats on your mind?你到这儿有什么事？What has broug
10、ht you here?新世纪之初，中国外交空前活跃。The beginning of the new century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.此类词有：enable,make,bring,show,prevent,escape,remind等等。我差点忘了你的名字。Your name just escaped me.,Unit 2 汉译英第二讲,b.这时我激动地说不出话来。Words fail me here.c.你吃了这药就会好些。This medicine will make you feel better.d.一见
11、到这个孤儿，我就想起他的父母。The sight of the orphan reminds me of his parents.e.天气不好，我们无法动身。Bad weather prevents us from setting out.f.你只要仔细对照一下就会发现不同。Careful comparison of them will show you the difference.g.我因稍具知识，因此处理大事时没有犯过大错误。A bit of knowledge kept/prevented me from making a big mistake when an important q
12、uestion was to be decided.H.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。If one doesnt enter a tigers den,how can he get a tigers cub?I.知己知彼，百战百胜。Know your enemy and know yourself and you will fight a hundred battles without frustrations.Know your enemy and know yourself and you will fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.,
13、在二次大战的众多深刻教训中，最主要也是最痛心的一条是：国与国之间平时客客气气，谁有点小灾小祸，还会略表支援；然而一个国家一旦自身遇到麻烦，需要出卖朋友来摆脱困境时，则什么背信弃义的勾当都干得出。,汉译英常用句型（二）,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,1.句型一：“To do is（主语中出现动词）译法：It is that/it is for to do（形式主语）例：中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，是基于中国国情的必然选择。翻译：It is an inevitable choice based on its national conditions that China unswervingly t
14、akes the road of peaceful development.练习：消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。Ever since the advent of modern times,it has become the assiduously sought goal of the Chinese people to eliminate war,safeguard/maintain peace,and build a country of independence and prosperity in which the people
15、can lead a happy life.,B.推动经济社会发展，不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。It is the central task of China to promote economic and social development and improve its peoples life.C.中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国、台湾是中国的一部分。It was based on a premise when China declared to implement the policy of peaceful reu
16、nification,that is,Taiwan authorities should maintain that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,2.句型二：“A is to do”（谓语出现动词）译法：A is to（目的状语）/A is v.(-ed)（被动关系）例：这次博览会将是自1851年在英国伦敦第一次举办以来，首次在发展中国家举办的世界博览会。The World Exposition will be the first one hel
17、d in a developing country since the first time in 1851 in London.练习:这是我国推进自主创新、建设创新型国家取得的又一标志性成果，是中华民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上实现的又一历史性跨越，是中华民族为人类和平开发利用外层空间作出的又一重大贡献。It constitutes the milestone of China to promote independence and innovation and to build a country of innovation,the historic advance of China in
18、the conquest of the worlds scientific and technological peak,the momentous contribution of China to humans peaceful utilization of outer space.(class 3),Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,3.句型三：“A is B+v.”（句中两大动词，其中一个为“是”）译法：A,B,+v.（同位语）/As B,A+v.（介词As）例：未来的城市生活是全球关注的话题，与每一个国家及其人民息息相关。The prospect of future urban life,a
19、 subject of global interest,concerns every nation and its people.练习:上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市，改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。Shanghai,a dynamic,vigorous and colorful international metropolis,has attracted the worlds attention with its great changes since the reform and opening up.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,4.句型四：主语结构“A的B”（
20、都是名词）译法：请仔细判断主语。通常情况下，主语为A非B。(A has)例：上海的明天充满希望。Shanghai has a bright future.练习1.城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。The city has increasingly attracted the worlds admiration with its rapid changes.2.中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段。Now,China and the Continent are going a step further in our cooperation based on mutual ben
21、efits.3.中国改革开放以来，国民经济年均增长速度达到9.7%。The national economy has annually grown at the rate of 9.7%since the reform and opening up.4.用一句话来表述，那便是未来老百姓的生活会更好，那时的老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样。To put it in a nutshell,the civilians will live a better life as well as that in middle-ranked developed countries.,Unit 3 汉译英第
22、三讲,5.句型五：v.+4字格译法：通常将4字格译为名词。例：中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望同各国人民友好相处。翻译：The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and good friendship among all the nations.练习:对外关系中，我们一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善。We constantly pursue the partnership and friendship with the neighboring countries in terms of foreign relat
23、ions.6.句型六：两个动词（后者表结果、目的）译法：to do/-ing/with an aim to例：西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。The Development of Western China is bound to be a bridge linking China and the rest of the world to promote the common prosperity and development.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,练习1.随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区资源优势、经济优势将得到充分发挥，
24、经济增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。With the stable advance of the Development of Western China,the advantages of resources and economy in western region has been fully exerted,further promoting the quality and standard of economic growth.2.近年来，公司先后参与承建了一大批上海市重大工程，为建设国际大都市作出了应有的贡献。The company has successively undertak
25、en many key projects in Shanghai in recent years,making contribution to the development of an international metropolis.3.中国要赶上发达国家，还需要几代人、十几代人的艰辛努力。To catch up with the developed countries,several,even dozens of generations efforts are still expected.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,7.句型七：复杂句简单句译法：当句中有疑似动词或偏正结构（名词+形容
26、词）出现时，请大家仔细识别，将其转换成名词。从而使复杂句改为简单句。此类结构通常出现在句子首尾。当它出现在句首时，直接将其该为名词作主语；当它出现在句尾（也就是谓语动词之后）时，将其改为名词，然后用介词“with”将其与前面部分相连。例1：中国有13亿人员，这是最大的国情。The population of 1.3 billion in China is most obvious state condition.例2：第一次以“城市”作为主题的2010世界博览会将吸引全球约200个国家和国际组织参与盛会，国内外参访人数预计达7000万。As the first World Exposition
27、 on the theme of city,Expo 2010 will attract about 200 nations and international organizations to participate in it,with an estimate of 70 million visitors from home and abroad.练习1.经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，（上海）呈现出一片繁华气象。Shanghai has presented a prospect of prosperity with its rapid development of econom
28、y,social stability and the contented life of people.2.任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。The development of any country needs an international and domestic environment in peace and stability.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,3.经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善。Due to the development of past 20-plus year
29、s,a relative foundation has been laid on the wealth and technology in western China with the sustained social stability and the gradual establishment and improvement of the system of market economy.4.中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。Chinas entry into WTO will provide more opportunities for foreign entre
30、preneurs to participate in the development of western China.5.但中国人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。But China is still the biggest developing country among the world with its large population,weak economy and unbalanced development.6.香港有着其独特的文化氛围。在电影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅,其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响,而且还有8所著名的大学。Hong Kong h
31、as its unique cultural environment with its top rank of movie making around the world,the extensive influence of pop songs among all the Chinese as well as 8 celebrated universities.,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,8.句型八：其他常见句型我们将坚定走和平发展的道路.We unswervingly take the road of peaceful development.为做出贡献/为提供/有利于：make contribution to一定能be bound to占了大头：account for/take the proportion of the major part奠定了基础：lay a(solid,sound,relative)foundation on,Unit 3 汉译英第三讲,
