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1、2023/8/24,1,英语基本句型-1主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,2023/8/24,2,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We
2、feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss seems satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays still.,2023/8/24,3,巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen,he became a fam
3、ous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,2023/8/24,4,5他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting,2023/8/24,5,1.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.,主系表句型的几个特例：,2.We
4、 are greatly surprised to meet him there.,3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.,4.It is kind of you to say so.,5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.,6.Is it Tom who is playing the piano?,7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.,2023/8/24,6,英语基本句型-2主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不
5、及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall
6、 down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.,2023/8/24,7,巩固练习：,1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。6这个重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,2023/8/24,8,1.She went home very late yesterday evening.,2.The meeting will last two hours.,3.Gr
7、eat changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,5.Classes begin at eight every day.,2023/8/24,9,9.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,8.In au
8、tumn,some birds fly to the south.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,6.This box weighs five kilos.,2023/8/24,10,Translate the following sentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.The meeting will last two and a half hours.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.The school where I study lies by the beautiful lake.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.The
9、chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last.14他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.He put the books in the schoolbag,but the schoolbag disappeared.15.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.The sleeping baby smiles.,2023/8/24,11,16.Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗不咬人.A willing helper doesnt wait until he is asked.乐于助人者总是主动助人.18.虽然在下大雨
10、,但火车还是准时到达.The train arrived on time though it rained hard.19.他通过乞讨为生.He lives by begging.20.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.Some animals here have died out.21.可怜的TOM 穿得破破烂烂.The poor Tom dressed poorly.,2023/8/24,12,22.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.The sick man must not go without food,but he must have a diet without sugar.23.我
11、的腿还在疼.My leg still hurts.24.火已经熄灭了.The fire has gone out.25.最后他们赢了.They won in the end.26.1937年爆发了抗日战争.The Anti-Japanese broke out in 1937.27.她不再哭了.She didnt cry any more.,2023/8/24,13,28.他一直走到山边.He walked as far as the hillside.这支笔很好写。The pen writes smoothly.30.这些苹果很好卖.These apples sell well.31.水果不
12、易保鲜.Fruits cant keep well.32.这种布很易洗.This kind of cloth washes easily.33.她高兴地跳起来了.He jumped with joy.,2023/8/24,14,34.你做得很好。You are doing well/fine.35.表坏了。The clock doesnt work now.36.用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些.A house built of stones lasts longer than that built of wood.37.李教授,很多学生想见你.是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等?Pro
13、fessor Li,many students want to see you.Shall they wait here or outside?38.她疼得哭了起来.She cried with pain.,2023/8/24,15,39.校长笑着进来了。The headmaster came in with a laugh/smile.40.这间房子的窗户朝南.The window of this house faces south.41.你是谁没关系.但你会干什么有关系.It doesnt matter who you are,but it matters what you can do.
14、42.我在这里一直等到10 点钟.I waited here until 10 oclock.43.他急急忙忙地走了.He left in a hurry.44.两天后,天放晴了.Two days later,it cleared up in the end.,2023/8/24,16,45.汽车的价格会下降的.The price of the car will go down/fall.46.这本杂志什么时候会出版?When will the magazine come out?47.这个工程什么时候开工?When will the project start?48.他为什么哭了?Why d
15、id he cry?49.这个事情怎么发生的?How did it happen?50.除了你,还有三个人赢了。Besides you,three other people also won.,2023/8/24,17,英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching Eng
16、lish two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.,2023/8/24,18,巩固练习：,1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？,2023/8/24,19,1.I wrote a letter last night.2
17、.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,2023/8/24,20,6.I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.7.Jim cannot dress himself.8.All of us believe that Jack is
18、an honest boy.9.He did not know what to say.10.Do you mind my opening the window?,2023/8/24,21,英语基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向
19、，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,2023/8/24,22,巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆
20、出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,2023/8/24,23,1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of la
21、bour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,2023/8/24,24,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.
22、He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,2023/8/24,25,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Al
23、ice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let her go out at night.,2023/8/24,26,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没
24、看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problemin an
25、other way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,2023/8/24,27,英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the m
26、iddle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,2023/8/24,28,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be
27、 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,2023/8/24,29,巩固练习：2这个村子过去只有一口井。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。13铃响了。,2023/8/24,30,There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there wer
28、e two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.,
