翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt

上传人:sccc 文档编号:5851375 上传时间:2023-08-27 格式:PPT 页数:29 大小:519.01KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt_第1页
第1页 / 共29页
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt_第2页
第2页 / 共29页
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt_第3页
第3页 / 共29页
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt_第4页
第4页 / 共29页
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt_第5页
第5页 / 共29页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余.ppt(29页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、肯定与否定,英语2班朱玉兰,李丽菲,刘雪梅,余常庆,间接肯定(1itotes)用反对语的否定来表示肯定,这种弱式双重否定往往能产生比直接肯定更加强烈的印象,如用no rare occurrence代替a frequent occurrence,用no small代替great。汉语也有这类反语,如“未尝不可”、“难免错误”、“不虚此行”、“不无遗憾”、“没有白干”等,但较多采用直接肯定,如:,1)To my no small astonishment,I found the house on fire 我发现房子着了火,这使我大吃一惊。2)It serves no little purpose

2、 to continue public discussion of this issue继续公开讨论这一问题是大有用处的。4)There is,no untroubled pace in this troubled world 这多灾多难的世界没有任何太平的乐土。,用否定之否定的方式(the not un-habit)来表达间接肯定,有时候确实比直接肯定更为准确、微妙,如用not unkindly,not unnaturally或not unjustifiably比用kindly,naturally或justifiably较为婉转,且显得有分寸。但滥用这类反语却会妨碍直接的思想交流。,英语还常

3、用其他一些否定的形式拐弯抹角地表达强烈的肯定意义,汉语则往往没有相应的表达法,如:1)He didnt half like that girl他非常喜欢那姑娘。(=He liked her very much)2)I couldnt feel better 我觉得身体好极了。(=Im feeling first-rate)3)If that isnt what I want.我所要的就是这个呀!(=That is the very thing I want.)4)He cant see you quickly enough 他很想尽快和你见面。(=He desires to see you a

4、s soon as possible),1)What dirty means would he not resort to!什么卑鄙手段他都使得出来!2)There was no knowing at what moment he might not put in an appearance,and whenever he did show,it was to storm about something 他在什么时候会出现,是无法知道的;但是无论何时他一出来,总有事情使他大发雷霆。3)I ran away,I dont know how far I didnt run 我跑了,也不知道跑了多远

5、。,英语一些含有“多余否定”(pleonastic negation)的句子,也用否定的形式表达肯定的语义,如:,汉语也有类似的“多余否定”,用否定的形式来表达强调的肯定语义,如“好不+形容词”结构:“好不热闹”、“好不伤心”、“好不快乐”等。1)街上人来人往,好不热闹!What a busy street,with so many people coming and going2)他们见了面,好不欢喜。How happy they were to see each other!,委婉否定(indirect negation)把直接的否定变得含蓄、婉转,使口气显得温和而不武断,谦逊而留有余地。

6、英语表示委婉否定的方法很多,常见的有如:,a)用转移否定(transferred negation)的方法使否定口气显得间接而不唐突,如用“I dont think he will come”代替“I think he will not come”说话者用否定主观看法(如否定主句的动词think)来代替否定所要表达的客观事实(宾语从句的内容),因而口气显得缓和而不生硬,汉语则较习惯于直接否定:“我想他不会来”,而不说“我不想他会来”。英语采用这类转移否定的动词一般表示相信(belief)或臆断(assumption)等意义,如 think,believe,suppose,fancy,expec

7、t,imagine,reckon等,1)We dont believe that Chinese is inferior to any other language in the world我们相信,汉语并不亚于世界任何其他语言。2)I dont suppose you need to worry 我看你可不必担心。3)Oddly enough,he didnt seem to remember his own birthday 说也奇怪,他似乎忘了自己的生日。,b)用肯定的形式表达否定的意义。这类表达法常见于含蓄虚拟句(implied subjunctive)、反意问句(disjunctiv

8、e questions)、省略句(ellipsis)、诅咒语(swearwords)和讽刺语(ironical idioms)1)You could have come at a better time 肯定式;你本来可以在更合适的时候来。否定义:你来得不是时候。2)As if anyone would believe that story 肯定式:好象竞有人会相信那些话似的。否定义;别人才不信那一套哩!,3)Are you telling me?I know all about it 肯定式:你是在跟我说吗?我全知道了。否定义:不用你告诉我了(还要你说呢),我全知道了。4)I know be

9、tter 肯定式:我更加懂得。否定义:我认为并非如此。5)Tell your old story to someone who believes it 肯定式:把你这套老话讲给相信它的人去听吧。否定义:我才不信你这套老话呢。6)Let me catch you at it again 肯定式:(要是)让我再撞见你干这种事,(你可要吃苦头了)。否定义:别再干这种事了。,英语还有大量的词语以肯定的形式表达否定的意义,如:fail(to come),free from(anxiety),short of(the mark),beyond(belief),above(flattery),dead to

10、(shame),blind to(ones faults),beneath(notice),escape(someone),removed from(self-interest),tooto,rather than,instead of,keepfrom,other(wise)than,more than,absent from,all Greek to,等等。汉语没有这类形式,常见的是用疑问句或感叹旬来表达否定意义,如:“他怎么知道?”、“谁知道!”(“鬼晓得!”)等。,反语(Irony)反语就是使用与本意相反的词句来表达本意,一般用于讽刺嘲弄。为了保留原文的讽刺效果,通常采用直译的方法。例

11、如You gave her good advice,and broke her heart.That was the beginning of your reformation.(Oscar Wilde,The Picture of Dorian Gray)你给了她忠告,撕碎了她的心。你就是这样开始你所谓的自我改造的。,你感冒了?叫你多穿点你不听,我还以为你真的不怕冷呢!So you have caught a cold?You turned a deaf ear to me when I asked you to put on more clothes,and I thought you w

12、ere really not afraid of the cold.当她听说自己被解雇了,她生气地说:“好极了!”When she heard that she was fired,she said angrily,“Thats great!”,但是,当直译可能引起误解,就往往需要采用意译的方法,以免适得其反,例如:瞧瞧你干的好事!Look at what you have done!,反问(Rhetoric Question)反问指有意提出不答自明的问题,以达到加强语气的效果,通常可以直译。例如:1)Cant you just leave me alone?你就不能别来烦我吗?2)你的心过去

13、是苦的,你怎么能闻到红叶的香味?(杨朔,香山红叶)Your heart was bitter in the past,so how could you sense the fragrance of the red leaves then?,3.正话反说由于英汉两种语言和思维方式之间的种种差异,英语中由肯定形式表达的句子在汉语中找不到与之对应的表达形式,因此,翻译时有时要转换成否定形式,才符合汉语的表达习惯,反之亦然。例如:,1)True,reading is far from the only source of knowledge.的确,阅读远非知识的唯一来源。2)The manual wo

14、rker is usually quite at ease in any company.体力劳动者通常在任何场合都不会感到拘束。3)Now is the time for the industry to act before there is a major outcry.现在,趁公众还没有提出强烈抗议,业界应该马上采取行动。4)Americans are far more race-conscious than class-conscious.美国人的阶级意识远不如种族意识那么强烈。,5“I love you,”she said.“So do I,”I replied,shunning t

15、he use of that powerful and dangerous statement.“我爱你。”她说。“我也是。”我答道。尽量不用那句铿锵有力而又十分危险的话语。6)今天上午发生了那么多事,真搞得我晕头转向。There is so much happenings this morning that I dont know whether Im coming or going.7)他可是非常勇敢的。He is no coward.,4.反话正说,同样地,英语中有些用否定形式表达的句子,翻译成汉语时也找不到与之对应的表达形式,也只有在把它转换成肯定形式后才符合汉语的思维习惯和行文规范。

16、例如:1)He lived in an insecure building.他住在一座危楼中。2)The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation.在苦难中,重返故国的念头始终在他心头萦绕着。,3)A book may be compared to your neighbor;if it is good,it can not last too long;if bad,you can not get rid of it too early.一本书可以比作邻居;如果是好的,结识愈久

17、愈好;如果是坏的,分手愈早愈好4)吴所长掌握会议是很有经验的,绝不会让某个人随意地不受羁绊。(陆文夫,围墙)Director Wu was highly experienced in controlling meetings and never allowed anyone to throw off all restraints.,5)This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.这项工作显得十分艰巨。(中国翻译1998年,第1期,第22页)6)他承认有不少国家和公众对中国的了解还不够。He admitted that there is a g

18、eneral lack of understanding of China by some countries and their people.,7)白天里一定要做的事,一定要说的话,现在都可不理。(朱自清,荷塘月色)All that one is obliged to do,or to say,in the daytime,can be very well cast aside now.8)(上野的樱花烂漫的时候,望去却也像绯红的轻云,)但花下也缺不了成群结队的“清国留学生”的速成班,(鲁迅,藤野先生)but under the flowers you would always find

19、groups of short-term“students from the Chinese Empire”,反译法可分为选择性反译和强制性反译两种。选择性反译是指可反译也可不反译的情况,是否反译主要应根据它在译文中的表达效果和该句所在的具体语境而定。例如:1)But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums,who needed iron ore carriers?译文一:世界钢铁工业很不景气,谁还需要这些矿砂船呢?(反译法)译文二:随着钢铁工业的严重萧条,谁还需要这些矿砂船呢?(正译法),2)In the course of ti

20、me,Mr.Earnshaw began to fail.He had been active and healthy,yet his strength left him suddenly.译文一:时间不断过去,欧肖先生开始支撑不住了。他一向健壮、活跃,谁知一下子体力就不济了。(方平译)(反译法)译文二:日复一日,恩肖先生开始垮下来了。他本来是活跃、健康的,谁知体力一下子就从他身上消失了。(正译法),强制性反译则是指必须进行的反译。因为原文的肯定形式或否定形式在译文中找不到对应的表达形式,不进行反译不足以使译文按照译入语读者的思维习惯清楚地表达出原文的含义。例如,“unlock”并不是没有锁上

21、,而是指将锁“打开”;同样,“disappear”并不是指没有出现,而是指原来在眼前的事物从视线中“消失”。因此,像这样的情况是非反译不可的。如:1)Prof.White said he still hoped to be the first to complete the first human head transplant,but conceded his age was working against him.怀特教授说,他仍然希望自己是第一个完成首例人类头颅移植手术的人,但他同时也承认,自己毕竟已入暮年,未免力不从心。,2)Harvard Business School opened

22、 in the early 20th century,and pioneered the case-study method of teachingmaking use of real-world scenarios,instead of relying on academic theorya methodology that has remained the basis for many MBA programmes around the world today.哈佛商学院成立于20世纪初,它开了个案研究教学法之先河,即在教学中运用现实生活中的案例,而不是单纯依靠学术理论。这种方法业已成为当今世界MBA课程的基础。,Thank you!,

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 建筑/施工/环境 > 农业报告


备案号:宁ICP备20000045号-2

经营许可证:宁B2-20210002

宁公网安备 64010402000987号