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1、大学英语四级阅读理解讲座之,Section B 长篇阅读,Lee Nov.24,2016,Contents,长篇阅读常见问题及对策长篇阅读考题简介解题策略及步骤真题操练及解析,长篇阅读常见问题及对策,文章篇幅长 阅读速度慢 生词多、长句多阅读方法不当紧张.Think it over:如何提高做题速度？,阅读常见问题,Section B,影响阅读速度的阅读习惯 指读、出声、默读、复读、逐字读The/scientists/who/study/insects/are/called/entomologists.The scientists/who study insects/are called en
2、tomologists.,阅读常见问题,Section B,x,意群（眼幅宽）+“关键词”,Section B,策略：意群（眼幅宽）+关键词,5/8：阅读63%的词，获得90%的意思,Every family is different,with different personalities,customs,and ways of thinking,talking,and connecting to one another.There is no one right kind of family.but whether parents are strict or lenient,boister
3、ous or calm,home has to be a place of love,encouragement,and acceptance.,策略：意群（眼幅宽）+关键词,Section B,Every family is different,with different personalities,customs,and ways of thinking,talking,and connecting to one another.There is no one right kind of family.but whether parents are strict or lenient,b
4、oisterous or calm,home has to be a place of love,encouragement,and acceptance.,策略：意群（眼幅宽）+关键词,Section B,关注实词：名、动、形、副,长篇阅读考题简介,考试时间：15分钟。文章体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文等；结构清晰，含小标题。文章长度：10001200词左右；超纲词汇标出汉语意思。,Section B 长篇阅读简介,Section B,文章包含15-18个段落，按A-O标记；文章后是考题，共10道，题号为46-55；每题包含一个句子；要求考生找到10个句子所在的段落（乱序）。*有可能一段可匹配
5、多题。,命 题 形 式,Section B,快速理解文章大意 快速筛选信息 细节归纳同义转述（paraphrasing）,考 点 分 析,Section B,长篇阅读答题步骤,Section B,1.预测文章大意 2.浏览考题 3.确定答案,答 题 步 骤,1.1 浏览文章标题Examples（2013.12）Is College a Worthy Investment?1.2 浏览文章首句 A Why are we spending so much money on college?And why are we so unhappy about it?.,1、预测文章大意,Section B
6、,2.1 获取文章大意、框架 2.2 划出题干关键词 2.3 记忆题干的重、难点,2、浏览考题,Section B,2.1 获取文章大意、框架（阅读题目、首句和考题）Examples（2013.12）Is College a Worthy Investment?Think over：Structure/Main Idea?,Section B,2、浏览考题,2.1 预测文章大意、框架,Section B,2、浏览考题,Is College a Worthy Investment?,Section B,2、浏览考题,2.2 划出题干中的关键词。定位2-3个词，位置不同的两个词实词：名词、动词、形
7、容词、副词拼写较长、陌生的词特殊字体（符号）：斜体字专有名词（人名、地名、组织名、报刊杂志等）、时间、数字（年代、百分比、比率、比例、特殊事件）,2.2划出关键词 2.3记忆题干的重、难点,Section B,46.Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work.47.An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.48.Subsidized loans to college students are a
8、 huge waste of money,according to one economist.,2、浏览考题,考点：3.1 细节归纳 3.2 同义转述,Section B,3.确定答案,Section B,细节归纳+同义转述(三种）-转述个别单词或词组；-转述整句话；-转述几句话或整段内容。策略：1.扩大单词量，积累某一单词多重释义；2.提高对句意的概括或推断能力。,3.确定答案,细节归纳+同义转述(EX.1）46.Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work.,Section B,原文：K Caplan notes th
9、at work also builds valuable skills probably more valuable for kids dont naturally love sitting in a classroom.,同义转述,3.确定答案,细节归纳+同义转述(EX.2）47.An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.,Section B,原文：C for an increasing number of families,most of the cost of
10、 their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district,原文+同义转述,3.确定答案,细节归纳+同义转述(EX.3）48.Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money,according to one economist.,Section B,原文：E Aid has increased,subsidized(补贴的)loans have become available,Economist Bryan Caplan agrees:
11、“Its a giant waste of resources as long as the subsidies continue.”,原文+同义转述,3.确定答案,细节归纳+同义转述(EX.4）51.Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.,Section B,price has risen;50%/double,同义转述,3.确定答案,细节归纳+同义转述(EX.5）52.A law passed recently allows many students to pay no mo
12、re than one tenth of their income for their college loans.,Section B,J,a lawincome;10 percent,原文+同义转述,3.确定答案,Section B,小结1：常见数词 a quarter:1/4;25%a half:1/2;50%one third:about 30%a decade:10 days fortnight:2 weeks/14days a century:100 years,3.确定答案,小结2：暗含顺序的词能够指示开头段的词，如:overview(综述;概览),introduction,in
13、itiation(启蒙；开始),main idea,definition 等；能够指示结尾段的词，如:future,solution,conclusion,suggestion,summary 等。,Section B,3.确定答案,Section B,1.预测文章大意 阅读文章标题、首句。2.阅读考题 了解文章大意、结构，划出关键词，记忆题干大意。3.确定答案 寻读原文，定位关键词，理解同义替换、推理归纳。,答题步骤（小结）,Warm Tips,Section B,首次阅读中，对已经完成的段落、不确定的段落或题干要做好记号。有针对性进行第二次阅读：完成尚未解答的题目；检查已确定的段落与单句是
14、否确实匹配。合理安排时间，先易后难。,Warm Tips,Section B,Any Questions？,真题训练及解析 1,课堂练习 No.1,Section B,Finish reading Section B within 15 minutes.,No.1,（2016.6）,1.1 阅读题目 Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life 1.2 阅读小标题,Section B,1.预测文章大意,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not
15、controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life,1.预测文章大意,Section B,2.1 获取文章大意、框架 2.2 划出题干关键词 2.3 记忆题干的重、难点,Section B,2.阅读考题,46.According to an ancientGreek philosopher,it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解
16、细节和同义转述,D,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,同义转述,And what the Stoics say in general is simply this:There is a larger plan in life.You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan.纬度,47.Anci
17、ent philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today.,Section B,B,同义转述,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to
18、see life clear and whole,in a way that we tend not to see life today.,48.Not all your business partners are your soul mates.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,F,Justbecause I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship,it does not necessarily mean that this perso
19、n is my friend,Soupios says.Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul.,归纳总结,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,49.We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.,Section B,3.确定
20、答案：理解细节和同义转述,A,Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars,terrorism,economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases?The answer is yes,同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not
21、 controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,50.The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,L,Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed,at the very least,the doer of the good deed has the oppo
22、rtunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.,原文+同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,51.How to achieve mental calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,H,同义转述+归
23、纳,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,This is something that is very much well-worth considering here in the modern era.I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness,a sor
24、t of contentment in a mental and spiritual way,52.Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,C,原文+同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,So take a
25、 step back,switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities,our values,and our relationships.,53.Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,K,原文+同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not c
26、ontrolSeek true pleasureDo good to others,Instead,Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good.,54.The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless,and are applicable to contemporary life.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,B,原文+同义转述,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can
27、not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless,says Soupios.The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written centuries ago.,55.Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,J,同义转述+原
28、文,IntroductionExamine your lifeStop worrying about what you can not controlSeek true pleasureDo good to others,when you hurt another human being,you hurt yourself.That damaging other people in your community and in your life,Any Questions？,真题训练及解析 2,课堂练习 No.2,Section B,Finish reading Section B withi
29、n 15 minutes.,No.2,（2014.12）,Examples（2014.12）Growing Up Colored,1.阅读文章标题，预测大意。,Section B,(2014.12),Section B,2 2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词,1.阅读文章标题，预测大意。,(2014.12)46.The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy.47.There is every sign of decline at the paper mill now.,Se
30、ction B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,comforts;warmth（同义转述）,F,D,dying（同义转述）,（2014.12)48.One reason the authors father could sit and eat at the drug store was that he didnt look that dark.,Section B,light-colored(同义转述),J,daddy,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,（2014.12）49.Piedmont was a town of immigrants from different parts of
31、the world.50.In spite of the awful inconveniences caused by racial prejudice,the authors family managed to live a life of dignity.,Section B,inconvenient;Mamas dignified manner（同义转述）,I,C,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,Piedmont;immigrant town（同义转述）,（2014.12）51.The author later realized he had caused great distress
32、 to his father by asking why he was wrongly addressed.52.The author took pride in being from Piedmont because of its natural beauty.,Section B,M,were always proud to,B,beautiful location,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,distressed；by asking why（同义转述）,（2014.12）53.Colored people called white people by the business th
33、ey did.54.Colored people who lived in Piedmont did heavy manual jobs at the paper mill.,Section B,Mr.Insurance;trade（同义转述）,H,loading paper into trucks（同义转述）,E,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,（2014.12）55.The colored people felt uneasy at the presence of the whites in their neighborhood.,Section B,showed up;violated
34、;rhythm off；（细节推理）,G,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,真题训练及解析 2,课堂练习 No.2,Section B,Finish reading Section B within 15 minutes.,No.2,（2014.06）,Examples（2014.06）The Touch-Screen Generation,1.阅读文章标题，预测大意。,Section B,(2014.12),Section B,2 2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词,1.阅读文章标题，预测大意。,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述（2014.6）46.Theauthorattendedtheconf
35、erence,hopingtofindsomeguidingprinciplesforparenting intheelectronicage.47.Americanparentsarebecomingmoredoubtfulaboutthebenefitstechnologyissaidto bringtotheirchildren.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,D,distrustful doubtful,had come to conference,offer principles,G,2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词（2014.6)48.Someexpertsbelievet
36、hathumanintelligencedevelopsbytheuseofhands.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,mans intelligence,A,2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词（2014.6）49.TheauthorfoundaformerMontessoriteacherexercisingstrictcontroloverherkids,screentime.50.Researchshowsinteractionwithpeopleiskeytobabiesbraindevelopment.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,restrictive,E,cr
37、itical,C,2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词（2014.6）51.Sofartherehasbeennoscientificproofof theeducationalbenefitsofiPads.52.Americanparentsworrythatoveruseoftabletswillcreateproblemswiththeirkids interpersonalrelationships.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,proved,H,cant make eye contact,G,makesmarter,2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词（2014.6）53.Theau
38、thorexpecteddevelopersofchildrensappstospecifythebenefitsofthenew technology.54.Thekidsatthegatheringweremore fascinatedbytheiPadsthanbythehelicopter.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,D,express clearly,A,looked down at the iPads,2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词（2014.6）55.Theauthorpermitsherchildrentouse thescreenforatmosthalfanh
39、ouraday.,Section B,答题步骤 真题解析1,F,which was about my rule at home,真题训练及解析 3,课堂练习 No.3,Section B,Finish reading Section B within 15 minutes.,No.3,（2015.6）,Example.（2015.06）Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break,Section B,1.阅读文章标题，预测大意。,Section B,2 2.理解主旨大意，划出关键词,Section B,（2015.6）46.Some prof
40、essionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading.opposing opposition 47.Using software to grade students essays saves teachers time for other work.professors teachers free for save for,细节归纳,同义转述,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,F,B,（2015.6）48.The Hewlett contests
41、 aim at improving essay grading software.,Section B,aimed at improving software that grades essays(同义转述),3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,M,（2015.6）49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests,automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.50.Some people dont believe
42、 the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,C,E,not yet received（同义转述）,skeptics;not match for live teachers（同义转述）,（2015.6）51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.,Section B,3.确定答案：理解细节
43、和同义转述,Q,critics;real world（原文+同义转述）,Section B,（2015.6）52.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.essentials important aspects written communication writing,同义转述,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,G,Section B,（2015.6）53.As class size grows,most teachers
44、are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.increasing large classes valuable comments meaningful feedback,同义转述,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,P,Section B,（2015.6）54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.55.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.,3.确定答案：理解细节和同义转述,J,D,second reader;check（同义转述）,learn much（原文+同义转述）,Any Questions？,Practice makes perfect!Your efforts will pay off!,See you!,
