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1、定语从句,The attributive clause,The kinds of attribute(定语):,1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.5.The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,modify(修饰),restrict(限定)常译作：的,定语的位置,1.This is a
2、 flower basket.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句(attributive clause)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,wh
3、ose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why,I have an apple.,The apple is red.,I have an apple,that/which is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,事，物：which/that/whose/as 人：who/whom/whose/that/as,地点：where时间：when原因：why,The Attributive Clause（定语从句）,He is an English teacher who l
4、ikes singing songs.,引导词,关系代词:who,whom,that,which,whose,as,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,先行词,引导词,定语从句,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,Those who want t
5、o go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.,That is the teacher who teaches us English.,2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.,Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.,注意：关系代词 who
6、m 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。,The man(whom/who)you met just now is my oldfriend.,3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,The factory which makes computers is far away from here.,He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.,This is the pen(whi
7、ch)he bought yesterday.,4that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.,Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?,The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.,The season that/which comes
8、after spring is summer.,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.,The school in which he once studied is very famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine(which/that)you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you
9、 asked.,This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis withyesterday.,This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.,Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/who/that)we have often talked about.,Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.,The manager whose company I work in
10、 pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.,注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for,look after,take care of 等。,This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.,The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse
11、 is looking after arevery healthy.,.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.,The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane
12、in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,考点一：只能用THAT 的情况：,*先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have seen.*先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the first thing that I should do.*先行词是all,any,few,anything,everything,nothing,something,All that I should do has been done.,*先行词被the only,the very,the sa
13、me,the last修饰时.This is the only book that I want to buy.*先行词既有人又有物时。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we visited.*当句中已有who时，为避免重复。Who is the woman that is crying?,不能用THAT 的情况,关系代词前有介词时 This is the town in which I was born.This is the person to whom I talked just now.在非限制性定语从句
14、中，关系词不可省；THAT不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Tom has two sisters,who are both nurses.He got good results,which pleased his parents very much.,考点二 Whose 用法,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whos
15、e引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点三:that 与who的区别,who,who,who,考点四:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont ch
16、oose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,1.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written,考点五：关系词的省略1、关系代词做主语是不能省略。2、关系代词做宾语时可以省略。3、whose不能省略。,1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ ma
17、de the others unhappy.A.which B.who C.thisD.what,2.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom,3.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.where C.in which D.that,4.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom
18、D.none of them,5.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.thatD.which,6.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it,7.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which
19、,8.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./,9.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who,10.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which,11.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.where,
