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1、工业设计专业英语,主讲：丁剑飞中原工学院机电学院,On display in the Taiwan Museum in Taipei is a 33-piece suite of 20 different kinds of carved red sandalwood furniture,which was formerly used in the residence of a royal relative during Qing Dynasty(1616-1911 A.D.).Modern people accustomed to using Western style furniture w
2、hen they discover the quality of materials used excellence of workmanship,and the fine ornamental carving of traditional Chinese furniture,as represented in this exhibit.suite n.（一套）家具，套房 carve vt.雕刻 sandalwood n.檀香木 residence n.住宅，居住 accustomed to 习惯于 ornamental adj.装饰的,Traditional Chinese Furnitur
3、e(B),在台北台湾博物馆展出了一套33件20种不同种类的紫檀雕刻家具，它是清朝王室家庭的物品。虽然人们已经习惯了西式家具，但对现代人来说，每当在家具展览会种看到那些用料精细、技艺超群以及众多令人赞叹雕饰的中式传统家具时，还是难免产生一种怀古之情。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),The development of traditional Chinese furniture went from the simple to the intricate,and was closely linked to the Chinese lifestyle and cul
4、tural and economic changes in China.In early antiquity,the Chinese sat mostly on straw mats on the floor.After the Warring States period(475-221 D.C.),beds and couches began to come into widespread use as seating.During the Wei-Chin(220-420 A.D.)and the Northern and Southern dynasties(420-589 A.D.)p
5、eriod,Western-style chairs,folding stools,and other seating gradually entered China.From this point on,Chinese everyday living began to be conducted from chairs rather than sitting cross-legged on floor.Straw mats came to be used as covering for beds and couches.,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),int
6、ricate adj.复杂的 antiquity adj.古代，古物 传统中式家具的发展从简单到复杂，而且与中国人的生活方式，以及中国文化和经济变化紧密相关。在远古时代，中国人席地而坐。战国以后，床和长椅被广泛用作坐具。在魏晋南北朝时期，西式椅子、折叠凳子和其它坐具开始逐渐进入中国。从这时起，中国人每天的生活便开始于椅子，而不再是从盘腿席地而坐开始。席子开始用于铺盖床和睡椅。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Beginning in the late Qing dynasty,foreign living styles began to be adopted
7、in China,with the result that original predominant Chinese style furnishing gradually became collectors items.Not only chair,but also Chinese tables,cabinets,bookcases,and decorative screens reached the summit of their development during the Ming(1368-1644 D.C.)and Qing dynasty.adopt vt.采取，接受 predom
8、inant adj.主要的，卓越的，有影响的 cabinet n.橱柜，陈列柜 decorative adj.装饰性的 summit n.顶点 adj.最高级的,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),从晚清开始，国外的生活方式开始传入中国，结果原来的占统治地位的中式陈设开始逐渐成了收藏者的猎物。不单单是椅子，中式桌子、橱柜、书柜以及装饰用的屏风都达到了明清以来的顶峰。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Ming furniture features simple,smooth and flowing lines,and plain a
9、nd elegant ornamentation,fully bringing out the special qualities of frame structure furniture.Influenced by Chinas burgeoning foreign trade and advanced craftsmanship techniques,furniture of Qing Dynasty period turned to rich and intricate ornamentation,along with coordinated engraved design.Becaus
10、e of the high level of development of Chinese furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties,most Chinese furniture design today follow in the traditional piece from these two period.elegant adj.高雅的，优雅的，讲究的 ornamentation n.装饰物，饰品 burgeoning adj.迅速增长的，生机勃勃的,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),明代的家具的特征是具有简洁、平滑、流畅的
11、线条，以及质朴优美的装饰，完全显现出框架式家具特有的品质。受中国对外贸易快速发展以及先进工艺水平的影响，清代家具设计逐渐向追求富丽装饰的风格发展。由于明清时期中式家具的发展水平很高，今天很多中式家具的设计仍然保留这两个时期的部分设计风格。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),As in traditional Chinese architecture,wood is the major material used in manufacture of furniture.This was in response both to needs arising from
12、Chinese lifestyles,and to Chinas rich forest resources.The two main types are lacquered furniture and hardwood furniture.Lacquered furniture was commonly used in palaces,temples,and in the home of the wealthy.It includes the ti-hung,or carved lacquer style;tien-chi in which lacquer is used to fill i
13、n engraved design,then rubbed flat;miao-chi,or outlined lacquer style;and luo-tien,or furniture inlaid with mother-of-pearl.Two or more methods might also be combined in the same piece.Hardwood furniture was frequently found in the home of the wealthy,but was even more common in,Traditional Chinese
14、Furniture(B),the home of nobles,and officials.Woods,employed included red sandalwood,pearwood,padauk,ebony,and nanmu.Of these,red sandalwood is the most highly valued material for use in furniture making:it is dense,hard,and resistant to decay.arise from 由引起，起因于 in response to 响应 resistant to decay
15、防腐 inlay vt.(inlaid,inlaid)把嵌入，把镶入 n.镶嵌,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),像传统中式建筑一样，木材是家具制作使用的主要原料。这一方面是中国人的生活方式所决定的，另一方面是因为中国具有丰富的森林资源。两种主要的家具类型是漆器家具和硬木家具。漆器家具主要在宫廷、寺院以及富人的家庭中使用。它包括剔红即雕红漆；填漆用漆填入雕刻的阴文中，然后打磨；描漆用各种色彩的漆描绘图案；螺钿用贝壳作为镶嵌纹饰的漆器。也可能使用两种以上的方法加工同一个器具。硬木家具经常在富人家中发现，但是更多见于贵族和一些官员家庭。家具用的木材包括：红檀木、梨木
16、、紫檀、黑檀和楠木。在这些木料中，紫檀以其坚密、耐腐蚀等诸多优点称为最贵重的家具用料。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Bamboo and rattan furniture also have a long history.Bamboo is a product unique to Asia,and is an especially developed industry in hot and sunny Taiwan.Simple and ingenious techniques are us
17、ed to make clever and useful products that can be“knocked down”,and modular pieces that can be used together or separately.Bamboo may be used in combination with other materials,such as wood,rattan,metal,and ceramic tile,in endless variation.Much bamboo and rattan furniture is exported to Europe and
18、 the United States,where it enjoys great popularity.rattan n.藤，藤条 ingenious adj.有独创性的，机灵的 ceramic tile n.瓷砖,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),竹子和藤家具也有很长的历史了。竹子仅产于亚洲，在炎热、阳光充足的台湾，它是一个特别发达的产业。简单精致的技术用来制作灵巧、有用的产品，不但价格低廉，而且组合式的家具既可以一起使用，也可以分开使用。竹子还可以和其它的材料一起使用，如木材、藤条、金属以及瓷砖等，能够产生无穷的变化。很多柱子和藤条家具出口到欧洲和美国，并且
19、受到广泛的欢迎。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Chinese are fond of furniture with inlaid and carved work.In addition to shells and enamel chips,brilliant,colorful,and artistically grained jade,stones,ivory(and other animal teeth),horn,agate,and amber are used for inlaid designs.Marble,for example,is a st
20、one often used for inlaid work;colorful ceramic plate are also a popular material for ornamentation.Another elegant techniques used since ancient times is the inlaying of different kinds and colors of woods in a simple piece.The methods of carving include relief carving,negative engraving,and free-s
21、tyle carving.Common subjects for furniture carving are flower;dragons and phoenix;the qi-lin,a Chinese mythical beast;and stylized cloud and leaf pattern.,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),be fond of 爱好，喜欢 enamel n.搪瓷，珐琅 brilliant adj.灿烂的，闪耀的，杰出的 jade n.翡翠 ivory n.象牙 agate n.玛瑙 amber n.琥珀 中国喜欢镶嵌和雕刻的家
22、具。除了贝壳、珐琅，闪光的、彩色的、有艺术花纹的绿玉、石头、象牙（还有其它动物的牙齿）、牛角、玛瑙，还有湖泊都用来作为镶嵌的材质。例如大理石经常用来镶嵌在家具中；彩色的陶瓷盘也是一种流行的装饰材质。另外一种从古代就开始使用的精巧技术是在一件家具中镶嵌不同种类和颜色的木材。雕刻方法包括浮雕、阴刻和自由式雕刻。雕刻的主题有花、龙凤、麒麟（中国传说中的一种兽）以及祥云和树叶图案。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Traditional Chinese furniture is generally arranged in symmetrical suits or se
23、ts.These are,however,supplemented with other more flexible arrangements to prevent the room from having too staid an atmosphere.For example,paintings or examples of calligraphy might be hung on the wall;ceramic,enamel or other knickknacks might be placed in antique display cabinet;or flower arrangem
24、ent made of jade or stone might top a square occasional table.Any or all of these can add splashes of color and elegant form to the room.These delicate additions set off the heavy furniture to give a rich composite effect.supplement vt.补充，增补 staid adj.固定的，古板的 calligraphy n.书法 knickknack n.小摆设,Tradit
25、ional Chinese Furniture(B),antique n.古董 adj.古老的 splashes n.色斑 delicate adj.微妙的，精美的，雅致的，易碎的 中国传统家具通常以对称的布局形式出现，有时也会辅以一些灵活的布局组合方式来避免房间气氛过于沉闷。例如，在墙上悬挂书画；在收藏柜里摆放绿玉、珐琅或其它饰物；用绿玉或石头在临时的茶几上摆放一个花。所有这些可以为房间增添一点色彩和情调。则和谐精美的点缀给沉重的家具以多姿的效果。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),With Chinas increasing economic propert
26、y,just about everybody now places great importance on interior design and room arrangement,and is very particular when choosing furniture.And because of a corresponding enhancement in spiritual life,traditional Chinese style furniture in all sorts of ways in their homes;it has become part of modern
27、lifestyle.随着中国经济财富的增长，现在几乎所有的人都开始重视内部装饰和房间布局，并且在选择家具的时候非常讲究个性。而且因为精神生活的相应提高，各式各样的传统中式家具进入家庭，它们已经成了现代生活的一部分。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),Traditional style furniture not only lives and thrives in Republic of China;furniture aficionados of other countries who buy a piece of Chinese style furniture
28、 will usually display it with pride in a prominent place in their homes.Exports of traditional Chinese furniture not only bring monetary wealthy,but also enable more and more people of countries all over the world to enjoy and acclaim the beauty of the art traditional Chinese furniture.thrive vi.繁荣，茁壮成长 aficionado n.狂热爱好者 prominent adj.突出的，显著的，杰出的 monetary adj.货币的，财政的 acclaim vt.称赞，为喝彩 vi.欢呼，喝彩,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),传统的中式家具在新中国不仅生存下来而且得到兴旺发展；其它国家的家具爱好者以购买到一件中式家具为荣，会把它摆在家中的显著位置。出口传统中式家具不仅带来了经济利益，而且使越来越多的世界各国人民喜欢和称赞传统中式家具艺术的美丽。,Traditional Chinese Furniture(B),
