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1、NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS,UNIT 12,Confucius 551-479 BCE,2.Anton Makarenko,安东.马卡连柯（前苏联著名教育家1988-1939）,马卡连柯生于1988年。1914年马卡连柯以优异的成绩毕业于波尔塔师范学院。20世纪20年代他组织了高尔基工学团，收容并教养那些无家可归的流浪儿童，工作得很有成效。,马卡连柯发表的生活之路-教育叙事诗一书中记载了他在高尔基工学团的工作。1939年他发表了父母必读一书。马卡连科认为所有儿童都应该负担劳动任务，并把劳动当作发展心智和道德的基本手段。,3.Anne Sullivan,A portrai
2、t of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan seated on the lawn of Alexander Graham Bells house.Both Ms.Keller and Ms.Sullivan are wearing long white summer dresses.Their hands are joined and resting on Ms.Kellers lap.Circa 1894.,4.load n.vt,1)A load is something,usually a large quantity or heavy object,whic
3、h is being carried.He drove by with a big load of hay.He was carrying a very heavy load.,2)You can use a load of to refer to people or things which you do not like.For example,if you say that something is a load of rubbish,you are emphasizing that you think it is no good at all or not true at all.,H
4、is people came up with a load of embarrassing information.,5.workload n.,The workload of a person or organization is the amount of work that has to be done by them.The sudden cancellation of Mr Blairs trip was due to his heavy workload.This offices resources and staff would have to be increased to c
5、ope with the extra workload.,6.strict,Be strict with sb in sth,His mother is strict with him in everything.,pulsory adj.,If something is compulsory,you must do it or accept it,because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you must.In East Germany learning Russian was compu
6、lsory.Many young men are trying to get away from compulsory military conscription.,8.to begin with,You use the phrase to begin with when you are talking about the first stage of a situation,event,or process.It was great to begin with but now its difficult.What do scientists youve spoken with think a
7、bout that?nWell,to begin with,they doubt its going to work.,9.Sceptical(skeptical)n.,If you are sceptical about something,you have doubts about it.Other archaeologists are sceptical about his findings.scientists who are sceptical of global warming and its alleged consequences.The party has always ha
8、d a cautious and sceptical attitude to Europe.,sceptically adv I looked at him skeptically,sure he was exaggerating.Whats your point?demanded the old man sceptically.,10.tendency n.,A tendency is a worrying or unpleasant habit or action that keeps occurring.The army has become increasingly restless
9、over the mounting separatist tendencies of the northern republics.the governments tendency towards secrecy in recent years.,11.absent adj.,If someone appears absent,they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.Nothing,Rosie said in an absent way.,absent-minded,Someone
10、 who is absent-minded forgets things or does not pay attention to what they are doing,often because they are thinking about something else.In his later life he became even more absent-minded.,12.drop out(of),If someone drops out of college or a race,for example,they leave it without finishing what t
11、hey started.Hed dropped out of high school at the age of 16.She dropped out after 20 kilometres with stomach trouble.,13.expand vi.vt,If something expands or is expanded,it becomes larger.Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected.The money supply expanded by 14.6 per cent in th
12、e year to September.,If something such as a business,organization,or service expands,or if you expand it,it becomes bigger and includes more people,goods,or activities.The popular ceramics（陶瓷）industry expanded towards the middle of the 19th century.The interest rates coming down.Ill be able to expan
13、d or stay in business.,14.distribute vt.,If you distribute things,you hand them or deliver them to a number of people.Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets.Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees.In the move most of the furniture was left to the
14、neighbours or distributed among friends.,15.result in,If something results in a particular situation or event,it causes that situation or event to happen.Fifty per cent of road accidents result in head injuries.Regular trips back to her adopted motherland have resulted in her first book,Tiger Balm.,
15、If something results from a particular event or action,it is caused by that event or action.Many hair problems result from what you eat.Ignore the early warnings and illness could result.,16.Alice Springs,A town of Australia located near the center of the country.Tourism and mining are important to
16、its economy.Population,22,000.阿利斯斯普林斯：澳大利亚一城镇，位于该国中心附近。旅游和采矿为其重要经济来源。人口22,000,17.corporation n.,A corporation is a large business or company.multi-national corporations.the Seiko Corporation.,Pay attention to the spelling and pronouncing differences between cooperation and corporation,18.donate vt.,
17、If you donate something to a charity or other organization,you give it to them.He frequently donates large sums to charity.Others donated secondhand clothes.The silver trophy was donated by a Leicester businessman.,If you donate your blood or a part of your body,you allow doctors to use it to help s
18、omeone who is ill.people who are willing to donate their organs for use after death.All donated blood is screened for HIV.,19.curriculum n.,A curriculum is all the different courses of study that are taught in a school,college,or university.There should be a broader curriculum in schools for post-16
19、-year-old pupils.Russian is the one compulsory foreign language on the school curriculum.,puterise vt.,To computerize a system,process,or type of work means to arrange for a lot of the work to be done by computer.Im trying to make a spreadsheet up to computerize everything thats done by hand at the
20、moment.Many hospitals say they simply cant afford to computerize.,The firm decided to computerize its wages department.公司决定用电脑管理发薪部门的工作。,21.aspect n.,An aspect of something is one of the parts of its character or nature.Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives.He was interested in all as
21、pects of the work here.,22.profession n.,A profession is a type of job that requires advanced education or training.Harper was a teacher by profession.Only 20 per cent of jobs in the professions are held by women.,23.alongside prep.,He crossed the street and walked alongside Central Park.Much of the
22、 industry was located alongside rivers.,As she makes progress,her personal self-confidence will develop alongside her technique.Alongside the Job Creation Programme they launched a Work Experience Programme.,24.advocate vt.提倡,If you advocate a particular action or plan,you recommend it publicly.(FOR
23、MAL)Mr Williams is a conservative(保守派）who advocates fewer government controls on business.The Europe-wide strategy was advocated by Jacques Delors to get people back to work.,25.label vt.,If something is labelled,a label is attached to it giving information about it.The stuff has never been properly
24、 recorded and labelled.The produce was labelled Made in China.All the products are labelled with comprehensive instructions.,26.obtain vt.,To obtain something means to get it or achieve it.(FORMAL)Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents.The perfect body has always been diffic
25、ult to obtain.,If a situation obtains,it exists.(FORMAL)The longer this situation obtains,the more extensive the problems become.,27.select vt.,If you select something,you choose it from a number of things of the same kind.Voters are selecting candidates for both US Senate seats and for 52 congressi
26、onal seats.The movie is being shown in selected cities.,28.suit vt,If something suits you,it is convenient for you or is the best thing for you in the circumstances.They will only give information if it suits them.They should be able to find you the best package to suit your needs.,If something suit
27、s you,you like it.I dont think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.,If a piece of clothing or a particular style or colour suits you,it makes you look attractive.Green suits you.,29.presentation n.,When someone gives a presentation,they give a formal talk,often in order to sell something or ge
28、t support for a proposal.James Watson,Philip Mayo and I gave a slide and video presentation.I always ask how much time I have to make my presentation.a business presentation.,A presentation is a formal event at which someone is given a prize or award.after receiving his award at a presentation in London yesterday.at the presentation ceremony.,
