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1、汉译英应试原则和基本程序,(一)汉译英应试原则,1.手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)2.语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)3.内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)4.语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样),(二)汉译英基本程序,1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正,练习,一、倍数增减的表示法1)Force N1 _
2、(比力N2大2.5倍).2)This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4)The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).5)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).,1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N22)reacts three times as fast as the other one3)is 49 times the size of the moon4)wants to raise the rent by a third5)plan to double their inve
3、stment,二、时态1)Be quick,_(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2)When she got home,_(孩子们已经睡着了).3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination,_(我姐姐将在海边 度假).4)I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).5)Do you often go on holiday?_(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6)He joined the army in October,2001._(他参军已五年了).,二、时态1)or the wedding will have finished by
4、the time we get to the church2)the children had fallen asleep3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside4)have been revising my resume all the morning5)No.It has been five years since I went on holiday6)He has been in the army for 5 years,三、被动语态1)The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2
5、)The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).3)Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4)When the bill of fare was brought,_(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预 料).5)_(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,三、被动语态1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector2)will have been published by the end of this year3)can be used to demonstrate the
6、way that cells work4)I was startled,for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated5)Effective measures must be taken immediately,四、情态动词1)The phone is ringing,_(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).2)I cant find my sunglasses._(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3)You screamed in your sleep last night._(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西 了).4)Its a
7、 pity._(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).5)_(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.,四、情态动词1)but there is no answer.She cant be at home2)I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday3)You must have dreamed of something terrible4)You should have invited her to your graduatio
8、n ceremony5)I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party,五、虚拟语气1)I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).2)If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed himself.3)Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).4)Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).5)Hugh usual
9、ly talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).6)We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).7)It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).,五、虚拟语气1)I had had your opportunities when I was young2)he had known this disease is curable3)painted it blue,and without any decorations4)measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams5)as though
10、he were delivering a speech at an assembly6)Jack(should)be sent to hospital right now7)more mobile shops(should)be set up in the residential area,8)His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).10)It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).11)But f
11、or his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).12)I used my calculator;_(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).13)Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).14)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).,8)they(should)set up a special board/committee to examine this problem9)the mid-term exams(should)be canceled10)we(should)be short of water in a count
12、ry where it is always raining11)we could not have rent a house at such a low price12)otherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question13)I would seize the opportunity without hesitation14)lest he should awaken the baby,六、不定式1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).2)It is nec
13、essary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).4)The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).5)Mr.Green was wondering _(是否去看望在法国的儿子).6)The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).7)We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).8)He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).,9)We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).10)S
14、ally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女).11)They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚).12)He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).13)I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间).14)I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).15)She doesnt like _(被当作客人).16)If you want to save money,youd better _(到校园书店买旧书).17)We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).,六、不定式1)to complete a
15、 24-story building in 10 months2)for us to have a good nights sleep before the test3)of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area4)not to punish those students who had been late for class5)whether to visit their son in France6)warned me just now not to water flowers at noon7)inv
16、ited him to give us a lecture on modern art8)to be the chairman of students union in so large a university,9)to apply what we have learned in class to practice10)American woman to explore the outer space11)only to drop it on their own feet12)to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village13)
17、to have taken up so much of your time14)to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in15)to be treated as a guest16)go to the campus bookstore to buy used books17)to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room,七、分词1)This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).2)The cars _(停在消防通道的)
18、will be ticketed.3)The war went on for years,_(夺去了成千上万人的生命).4)The farmers used a new insecticide,thus _(将平均产量提高了15%).5)Einstein watched the toy in delight,_(想推导出它的运转原理).6)_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),we stopped talking and began to study.7)_(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),they decided to pay for his education.8)_(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看)
19、,Einstein was a simple,modest and ordinary man.9)_(好久没有收到父母的来信了),he was worried about them.,七、分词1)“Happy birthday to you”sung in Italian2)parked in the fire lane3)killing thousands upon thousands of people4)raising the average yield by 15 percent5)trying to deduce its operating principle6)Seeing tha
20、t everyone was bending over his/her book7)Deeply moved by the boys deeds8)Seen from the eyes of a young friend9)Not having heard from his parents for a long time,八、动名词1)_(每天洗冷水澡)does him a lot of good.2)They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).3)Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场).4)It is n
21、o use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).5)He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷).6)We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).,八、动名词1)Taking a cold bath every day2)making their daughter do what she didnt like to do3)getting our goods into the international market4)crying over spilled milk5)having peeked at his neighbors test paper6)being promoted
22、 to manager,九、非谓语动词用法区别1)Success means _(非常努力地工作).2)John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).3)I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话).4)I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).5)He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿).,九、非谓语动词用法区别1)working very hard.2)to drive there,but his car broke down3)talking to his mother4)talk to hi
23、s mother for an hour5)only to break his own leg,6)He jumped from the burning house,_(摔断了双腿).7)He was happy _(看到父母很健康).8)_(看到父母安然无恙),he issued a sigh of relief.9)_(跟随着它的脚印),the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.10)The pop,_(后面跟着两个保镖),came to meet his fans.,6)breaking his legs7)to see his parents in
24、 good health8)Seeing his parents safe and sound9)Following its footprints10)followed by two body guards,十、名词从句1)_(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)is still a secret.2)_(最让我不解的)was that he spoke English so well.3)_(这么做是故意的)became obvious.4)It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责).5)It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚).6)Dont p
25、ut off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事).7)This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的).,十、名词从句1)Why they left their hometown for Yunnan.2)What confused me most3)That this was done on purpose4)who should be responsible for this matter5)whom Mary is engaged to6)what can be done today7)what I have been looking for,8)It is not
26、 yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).9)_(她是否喜欢那个礼物)is not clear to me.10)My main problem right now is _(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).11)It all depends on _(他们是否会支持我们).12)You have yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票).13)Finally,the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).14)Obviously,there was little certainty _(主
27、席会同意他的提议).,8)whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision9)Whether she likes the present10)whether I should ask for another loan11)whether they will support us12)whether I can count on your vote13)that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages14)that the chairman wou
28、ld agree to this proposal,十一、定语从句1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).2)The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天).3)This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由).4)Let ABC be _(一个三边不等长的三角形).5)Some of the roads were flooded,_(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).6)He introduced me to his students,_(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).7)_(众所周知),water is a liquid.,十
29、一、定语从句1)the house where Lu Xun was born2)on the day when his son arrived3)the reason why I am in favor of this reform4)a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length5)which made our journey more difficult6)most of whom were English majors7)As is known to all,十二、状语从句1)_(不管我们谈论什么),Jim brings polit
30、ies into the discussion.2)We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).3)The problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决).4)You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).5)I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天发生的).,十二、状语从句1)Whatever we talk about2)so that we might get a better view3)that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it4)
31、as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night5)as if it happened yesterday,十三、比较级最高级1)Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?2)The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).3)This is _(他画的最好的画之一).4)The higher you climb,_(空气就越稀薄).,十三、比较级最高级1)as gracefully as her sister2)far uglier in London than here3)one of the bes
32、t pictures that he has ever painted4)the thinner the air becomes,十四、倒装句1)Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).2)No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了).3)The husband was not hospitable to the visitor._(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).4)Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).5)Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔
33、买卖).,十四、倒装句1)when a knock at the door awakened her2)than she fell illxamda.CoM3)Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.4)did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery5)can we conclude the business,十五、强调句1)_(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.2)_(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is pr
34、ogressive.3)_(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.4)_(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙)shouting at his mother in the dead of night.5)_(直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williams knew anything about it.,十五、强调句1)It was Jefferson who wrote2)It is with genuine feeling that the author3)It was because the water had risen that4)It was Jim,the heartless fellow,who was heard5)It was not until I told her that,
