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1、Unit 1Living with technology,单元总结,知识清单,1._ n.演变，发展；进化2._ n.缺点，缺陷；不利条件3._ vt.&vi.(使)推迟，延迟 n.延误，延迟4._ n.百分率，百分比5._ vt.&vi.上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒，曲折6._ adv.最后，终于7._ vt.预料，预见，预知,drawback,delay,percentage,wind,eventually,foresee,evolution,单词,(一)基本单词,8._ adj.显然的，显而易见的9._ vi.&vt.投票，选举，表决 n.选票；选举，表决10._ vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与竞争1
2、1._ adj.符合逻辑的，合理的，有根据的；(法律上)有效的12._ n.条件，环境，状况13._ adj.平常的；典型的，有代 表性的；特有的14._ vt.摆脱；去除；丢弃,obvious,vote,oppose,valid,typical,rid,circumstance,15._ n.原理，法则；道德原则16._ adj.黑白的17._ n.无线接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者18._ n.管子；管状物；伦敦地铁19._ n.组成部分，成分，部件20._ adj.便携式的，轻便的21._ n.盒式磁带，卡式磁带 22._ adj.数字信息系统的；数码的,principle,black-a
3、nd-white,receiver,tube,component,portable,cassette,digital,23._ n.存储，储藏（空间）24._ n.专利权；专利证书25._ vt.播放，转播；接转，转发 n.接力赛；中继设备26._ adj.足够的，充足的，丰裕的27._ n.保险；保险措施28._ adj.功能齐全的；全面的29._ adj.电子的30._ n.翻译；转化,storage,patent,relay,ample,insurance,all-round,electronic,translation,31._ n.习语，成语，惯用语32._ vt.&vi.浏览；审视
4、；扫描33._ n.电池34._ adj.(信奉)基督教的 n.基督教35._ n.四轮马车；（火车）车厢36._ n.冰箱37._ adj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；严密的,idiom,scan,battery,Christian,carriage,refrigerator,tight,38._ adj.怀疑的39._ adj.仅仅，只不过40._ vt.&vi.拨（电话号码），打电话41._ n.（手机）短信42._ adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的43._ vt.牺牲，献出 n.牺牲；祭品44._ adj.稳定的；稳重的45._ n.垃圾桶，垃圾箱,sceptical,merely,dial,t
5、ext message,shallow,sacrifice,stable,dustbin,45._ vt.制造；修筑，建造_ n.建筑；建设_ n.建筑者，建造者_ adj.建设性的，积极的46._ adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的_ n.(接近或进入某地的)方法；通路；(使用某物或接近某人的)机会或权利 v.存取47._ vt.使分布，分散；分发，分 配；分销_ n.分布；分配；分发,construct,construction,constructor,constructive,accessible,access,distribute,distribution,(二)派生单词
6、,48._ n.适应；改编本，改写本 _ v.改编，改写；适应49._ adj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的_ adv.随便地；漫不经心地50._ adj.合适的，适当的_ v.适合于；合(某人的)心意,adaptation,adapt,casual,casually,suitable,suit,51._ adj.雅致的，精美的；优雅的 _ n.优雅，典雅52._ adj.宗教的，宗教信仰的；笃信宗教的，虔诚的_ n.宗教53._ adj.拒绝；不予考虑_ n.拒绝,elegant,elegance,religious,religion,reject,rejection,1._与保持
7、联系2._取得重大突破3._在二十世纪二十年代后期4._上发条5._有利于，促进6._(sth.)可接近的；可靠近 的；可使用的7._ 跟上,keep in touch withmake important breakthroughsin the late 1920swind upcontribute tobe accessible tokeep pace with,短语,8._ 特别地，尤其9._ 适合10._ 事实上11._ 面对面交流 12._ 全神贯注于13._ 额外14._ 摆脱，除去,in particularbe suitable for in truthface-to-face
8、 communicationbe absorbed infor good measurerid.of,John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928,but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.not until/till意为“直到才”，it was that 强调句型,句式,核心要点,1.delay v.(使)推迟，延迟 n.延误，延迟,【归纳】delay doing sth.推迟做某事 without delay 毫不延
9、迟地，立即 the delay in doing sth.延迟做某事,单词,He was criticized for his _ taking care of the matter.他由于没有及时处理这件事而受到批评。This matter should be reported to the president _.这件事应该立即上报院长。We decided to _ until next year.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。I have to _ his question.我不能及时回答他的问题。,delay in,without delay,delay our wedding,dela
10、y answering,【运用】,It was already past midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house A.left B.remained C.delayed D.deserted The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2009.A.delay B.effort C.schedule D.consideration,B,A,2.
11、distribute v.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销,【归纳】distribute sth.分发某物 distribute sth.to/among sb.把某物分发给某人【拓展】distribution n.分配，分发,Clothes and blankets _ the refugees.向难民分发了衣服和毯子。There are over 35 000 species of orchid _.有35,000多种兰花分布在世界各地。Please _ children.请把这些书分给孩子们。These birds have _.这些鸟的分布很广。,distributed througho
12、ut the world,have been distributed among/to,distribute the books to/among,a wide distribution,【运用】,A much better way must be found to achieve an equal _ of the resources.distribution B.contributionC.revolution D.separation,A,3.wind v.(路、河等)蜿蜒；缠绕；给 上发条；倒(磁带、胶卷等)n.风；气味；卷绕,【归纳】wind up 上发条 wind sth.into
13、 a ball 把绕成一团 wind ones way 蜿蜒前进 wind down(指钟表)慢下来后停住；使(业务、活动等)逐步结束，把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下,She was like a narcissus trembling _.她像一株在风中摇动的水仙。He _ a wheel.他把绳子绕在一个轮子上。My watch _.Will you please mend it for me?我的表发条松了，你能不能帮我修修?The river _ across the plain.这条河蜿蜒曲折地流过平原。,in the wind,wound the rope around,has been
14、winding down,winds its way,【运用】,I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A.to windB.wind C.winding D.wound,C,4.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的,【归纳】be obvious to sb.对某人来说很清楚 It is obvious that.显然【拓展】obviously adv.显然地,_ she adores him.她显然深深地爱着他。How stupid to overlook _ mistak
15、e!把这样明显的错误都忽略过去了，多蠢呀!_,we dont want to spend too much money.很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。,Its obvious that,such an obvious,Obviously,【运用】,5.vote v.投票，选举，表决 n.选票；选举，表决,【归纳】vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote in favour of 投票赞成 vote on 就表决 vote to do sth.投票去做某事 vote that.投票决定；提议，建议 cast a vote 投票 take/have a vote on 投票表决 p
16、ut sth.to the vote 付诸表决,You must _ before eight oclock tonight.你必须在今晚八点以前投票。Send a text message to this number _.请发短信到此号码参加投票。The chairman asked us _ the plan.主席要我们对计划进行表决。There was no alternative for them but_.他们别无选择，只有投票赞成。The students _ the struggle.学生们一致决定继续斗争。,cast your vote,to vote,to vote on,
17、to vote in favour,voted to continue,【运用】,6.reject v.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用,【归纳】reject sth.(因不符合要求)拒绝接受某事 reject sb.拒绝录用某人，不录用某人【拓展】rejection n.拒绝,His application _ out of hand.他的申请立即遭到拒绝。She _ us the truth.她拒绝对我们讲实情。He decided not to approach her for _.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。,was rejected,rejected telling,fear of r
18、ejection,【运用】,We have very strict quality control and anything imperfect is _,so customers feel secure about our products.denied B.rejectedC.deserted D.refused,B,7.oppose v.反对，抵制，阻挠；与竞争；使相对，使对抗,【归纳】oppose doing sth.反对做某事 oppose A to/against B 使A与B对抗/对照【拓展】opposed adj.反对的；相反的 be opposed to 反对；对抗,We _
19、 but in vain.我们反对这个提议，但没用。The husband strongly _ there alone.丈夫极力反对妻子单独去那个地方。His family were _ the marriage.他的家人反对这门亲事。,opposed the proposal,opposed his wifes going,oppose d to,【运用】,Strangely,Mr.Green,also _ to the new policy,made no remark in the discussion.opposingB.opposesC.opposed D.having oppos
20、ed,C,8.circumstance n.条件，环境，情形，情况，状况,【归纳】under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不 family/personal/domestic circumstances 家庭/个人/国内经济状况,You should soon adapt yourself to _.你应尽快适应新环境。Its not _ of choice.那不是环境的问题，而是选择的问题。_ it right that you should know.在目前情况下，我觉得让你们知道是对
21、的。,the new circumstance,a matter of circumstance but,Under the circumstances I feel,【运用】,A persons behavior is often regulated _.人的行为常受其所处环境的约束。_ lose sight of our main objective.在任何情况下，我们都不能忘记自己的宗旨。,by the surrounding circumstances,Under no circumstances should we,9.typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；象征性的；特
22、有的,【归纳】be typical of.是的代表，是典型的 It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向做某事,Below is an example of _ letter.下面是典型商业信函的一个例子。_ take hard jobs.抢挑重担是他的特点。The picture _ its kind.这幅画在同类绘画中有代表性。,a typical business,It is typical of him to,is typical of,【运用】,10.sacrifice v.牺牲，献出 n.牺牲，舍弃；祭品,【归纳】sacrifice.to 把献祭给 sac
23、rifice.for.为而牺牲 sacrifice.to do sth.牺牲做某事 make sacrifices 作出牺牲 sell sth.at a sacrifice 亏本出售 at the sacrifice of.以牺牲为代价,A mother will _ her children.为了孩子，一个母亲可以献出她自己的生 命。I would never dream of asking you to make _.我决没想到要你做出这样的牺牲。They killed a sheep _.他们宰了一只羊作为祭品。Its wrong _.牺牲质量去追求数量是错误的。,sacrifice h
24、er life for,such a sacrifice,as a sacrifice,to sacrifice quality to quantity,【运用】,Many people _ their lives for our countries,who deserve to be respected.accused B.qualifiedC.purchased D.sacrificed,D,keepintouchwith保持联系【拓展】getintouchwith取得联系 stayintouchwith保持联系 stayintouchwith和keepintouchwith是 一样的，都
25、表示状态，保持联系；getintouchwith表示动作，意思是：取 得联系。,短语,2.rid.of 使免除，使摆脱,【归纳】be/get rid of摆脱，去除 rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某物,We will be glad _ him.摆脱他，我们将很高兴。We have to _ these old newspapers.我们必须把这些旧报纸处理掉。You must rid _ this gloomy mood.你必须使自己摆脱这种闷闷不乐的忧郁情 绪。,to get rid of,get rid of,yourself of,【运用】,Did you enjoy the
26、book?Yes,it was so interesting that I couldnt _ it.A.get rid of B.break away from C.keep away from D.tear myself away from,D,John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928,but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.not until/till意为“直到才”，主句常用终止性动词（即非延续性），表示un
27、til/till所表示的时间一到，该动作就发生。如：,句式,He didnt go to bed until/till eleven last night.昨天夜里他直到十一点才上床睡觉。She didnt know me until/till last week.她直到上一周才认识我。注意：not until放在句首时要用倒装语序，如上面第三个例句可以改为放在句首的倒装句：Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland.,It was not until 1938 that 是强调句型。itiswa
28、swho/that结构来突出强调句子的某一成分(一般是句子中主语，宾语或状语)。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。,使用本句型的几个注意事项 1.被强调成分是主语，whothat之后的谓语动 词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一 致。如：ItisIwhoamright.Itishewhoiswrong.Itisthestudentswhoarelovely.2.即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点 状语，原因状语等，也不能用when,where,because,要用th
29、at。如：ItwasafterthewarwasoverthatEinsteinwas ablebecomebacktohisresearchworkagain.,3.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也 应提前。如：Itwasfromhim,hischemistryteacher,thatPaullearned to watch,carefullyin class.4.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格。如：Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.,5.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用 who。如：Itwasthethingsandpeople
30、thatthey rememberedthattheyweretalkingabout,语法,及物动词与不及物动词用法小结 能跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。宾语可由名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式或从句来充当，如：a.I have to improve myself to catch up with my classmates.b.Did you remember to lock the door?c.The shoes on your feet require washing.d.He explained that this was not done by him.,及物动词后可跟双宾语。
31、直接宾语一般是事物，是及物动词动作的承受体；间接宾语一般是人，是及物动词动作的接受者，如：a.He bought me a pair of glasses.b.Can you show me how to use the washing machine?,有些及物动词后可跟复合宾语，即“宾语宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、V-ing形式或V-ed形式等来充当，如：a.We consider him a skillful tennis player.b.We think you loyal and modest.c.Put the cup in place,plea
32、se.d.I didnt expect you back so soon.e.I could smell trouble coming.f.You must make yourself respected.,大多数及物动词都能用于被动语态，如：a.I was led to the party by my friend yesterday.b.The window was not broken by me.,不及物动词指的是意义本身完整且后面不能跟宾语的动词，如：a.The car stopped.b.When we come,it rains suddenly.c.I have been li
33、ving in the village since I was a child.d.Id like to find a new group to work on this project.若要跟宾语，需借助某个介词。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词且意义不变，如：a.I dont know whether I can survive in the battle.b.The front passengers were lucky to survive the accident.常见的这类词有：increase,change,survive,prove,consi
34、der,prepare等。,有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，但意义完全不同，如：a.I cant operate the computer;its hard to use.b.The machine operates well under extreme working conditions.常见的这类词有：operate,grow,play,smell,hang等。,【即学即用】单项填空。1.Why did you go back to the library?I left my brother Jason _ there.A.wait B.to wait C.waits D.wa
35、iting2.I always wanted to deal with business which Id been trained _.A.on B.for C.by D.of,D,B,3.You would find yourself _ in the song by Mira if you had come to the concert.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost4.Weve been well prepared for the trip,but I dont know _ it rains tomorrow.A.where B.what
36、C.whether D.which5.Steven had his luggage _ before leaving home.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked,B,C,D,巩固练习,I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母 或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式（每空限填一词）。1.We must d_ our journey until the weather improves.2.People always want to know about your private life.Thats one of the d_ of being famous
37、.,delay,drawbacks/disadvantages,3.Although close to tears,the girl tried to make her voice sound c_.4.The English version of the poem is boring perhaps it has lost something in t_.5.The suggestion was approved,with 25 v_ in favor,and 7 against.6.The agreement is not v_,because one of the people who
38、signed it is not lawfully old enough to do so.,casual,translation,votes,valid,7.The meeting has been cancelled due to c_ beyond our control.8.I want to follow a diet that is healthy without _(舍弃)taste.9.It is a matter of _(原则)to answer childrens questions honestly.10.When the Wangs left for America,
39、most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or _(分发)among friends.,circumstances,sacrificing,principle,distributed,II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。The fresh fruits are kept in cold _(store)to prevent them spoiling during transportation.2.The process of _(adapt)to a new school is difficult for some children.3
40、.Because of the heavy rain,many parts of the countryside are only _(access)by boat.,storage,adaptation,accessible,4.My mother doesnt like me wearing short skirts to church;she doesnt think theyre _(suit).5.Our background,our cultural and _(religion)beliefs will all affect the way we raise our childr
41、en.6.This sort of hot and spicy food is very _(type)of the food in the south of the country.,suitable,religious,typical,III.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空（每 个短语限用一次）。1.Professor Lou s work has _ enormously _ our understanding of this difficult subject.2.Who is likely to _ most _ the new tax laws?The poor,I guess.,
42、be made up of,for good measure,in other words,contribute to,have access to,benefit from,to,contributed,benefit,from,3.Our society _ people of widely different abilities who are doing different jobs.4.There are some effective drugs to cure this disease,but not all patients _ them.,be made up of,for g
43、ood measure,in other words,contribute to,have access to,benefit from,is made up of,have access to,5.The young man was economical with the truth._,he was lying.6.The singer performed his most recent songs,and then sang a couple of old ones _.,be made up of,for good measure,in other words,contribute to,have access to,benefit from,In other words,for good measure,
