《英语四级考试资料ppt-快速阅读.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级考试资料ppt-快速阅读.ppt（54页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、大学英语四级考试阅读讲座,第一讲：快速阅读,四级考快速阅读解题攻略,1.快速阅读新旧题型改革概述2.快速阅读部分考点透视3.快速阅读的解题思路与应试技巧,四级考试长对话新旧题型改革概述,快速阅读是2006年6月四级考试改革后添加的新题型，快速阅读紧跟在写作之后，是新四级的第二部分，分值占阅读部分的28.6%，占全卷的10%。,快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成约1000词的文章和后面的10道题。2006年6月-2007年6月的快速阅读前面7题是是非判断题（Y,N,NG），最近几回的快速阅读前面7题是选择题；后面3题题型不变，是填空题，要求考生根据阅读理解，填上所缺部分。快速阅读主要在于测试各种快
2、速阅读技能，特别是短时间内抓住主题（skimming）和定位信息(scanning)的能力。,快速阅读考点透视,快速阅读的解题思路与应试技巧,1.解题三步骤 2.快速阅读基本方法 3.快速阅读高分技巧,1）阅读题目以预测文章内容。2）浏览文章抓大意。3）根据题干寻答案。,1.解题三步骤,1）略读(skimming)要求读者有选择的进行阅读，跳过某些细节抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。2）寻读(scanning)寻读是针对细节题的一种有效解题方法，通过题干中的关键词，然后快速在文章中搜索这一关键词来解题。,2.快速阅读基本方法,Skimming 浏览了解文章大意How:Read only se
3、lected sentences.Use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words,headlines or subtitles,etc.,2.快速阅读基本方法,浏览5种基本方法浏览的关键在于对信息进行取舍，抓大放小。在做快速阅读时下面这些方法有住于我们快速抓住文章大意。（1）注意印刷细节（2）阅读文章开头的一、二段，了解文章体裁和结构（3）阅读段落的主题句和结论句。（4）注意连接词的使用（5）阅读结尾段，了解作者的结论和态度。,1.Skimming 浏览,（1）注意印刷细节(typographical details)如文章的标
4、题、副标题、小标题、斜体字、黑体字、脚注、标点符号等。通过对文章的标题、副标题、小标题进行预测浏览，可以了解作者的写作思路和文章的结构框架，预测有关的细节。,浏览5种基本方法,如2008年6月的考题：文章标题：Media Selection for Advertisements副标题：TelevisionNewspapersRadioMagazinesOut of home advertisingInternetDirect mail,（2）阅读文章开头的一、二段，了解文章体裁和结构四级阅读以议论文和说明文为主。文章体裁不同，阅读时关注的重点就不一样。说明文要注意文中的定义、概念、重要数据和细
5、节；议论文要注意作者的观点、态度和结论。文章结构不同，文章的重心也存在差异。现象解释型、问题解决方案型的文章重在解释和方案，文章重心靠后；结论解释型文章，结论和解释都同样重要，文章重心处于一前一尾。,浏览5种基本方法,（3）阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意。大多数主题句位于段首，结论句位于段末。（4）注意连接词的使用常用的连接词预示着文章信息的走向。转折词如however,moreover,in spite of等往往表示信息的前后对立；并列词in addition to,besides和序列词firstly,secondly等是信息的对等。（5）阅读结尾段，了解作者的结论
6、和态度。,浏览5种基本方法,Scanning（1）Scanning 略读定位查找信息 to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is given and to take in that item of information.This kind of reading involves no reading in any detail of large sections of the pie
7、ces of writing.,2.Scanning 略读,略读基本步骤 略读技巧（1）寻找信号词。（2）巧用标点符号,Scanning,略读基本步骤：1.Read the questions.2.Find out key words.3.Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information you need.Read it carefully.4.When you find what you need,do not read further.,2.Scanning,（1）寻找信号词
8、。在文章的浏览过程中，对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中，读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。以下列出的是阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”。A.以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息：The main/important point/conclusion/reason.The point to note hereB.以下词组提示了下文的结构框架：There are three major reasons,略读技巧,（1）寻找信号词。C.转折词but，however 等表示信息的前后对比。The rising birth rate is not d
9、ue to increased fertility,but to a sharp decline in the death rate.D.并列连词 moreover,in addition to,besides 和序列词 firstly,secondly等，预示信息的对等。E.表示因果关系：as a result,owing to,therefore,hence,consequently,because,because of,for,due to,hence等。F.表示例证关系：for example,for instance等举例是为了解释说明，因此例子前面的说明和后面的结论就是重点信息。,
10、略读技巧,（1）寻找信号词。G.在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案，提示读者答案中有重要信息，例如：Why is a piped water supply so important?Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.H.有时，为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点，作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点，例如：Death control can be achieved autonomously.In other words,the death rate can be cut without anyth
11、ing else changing.,略读技巧,（1）寻找信号词。I.文章的结论通常是非常重要的，因此，读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”，如：Therefore the resultIn conclusion we can concludeOne of the primary conclusions,略读技巧,（2）巧用标点符号破折号、冒号和小括号在文章中起解释说明的作用，巧用这些符号一方面可以让我们理解生词或难句。另一方面，这些标点符号是为了突出前面的信息，如果不需要，我们就可以把这些标点符号后面的细节忽略，从而加快阅读速度。例如：,2.快速阅读基本方法,（2）巧用标点符号The dev
12、eloping countries are dependent on cash crops sugar,coffee,cacao,cotton.Precipitating/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply(droughts,floods,wars,epidemics)Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals(tats,mice,birds).(This is most peopl
13、es idea of a landfill!).,2.快速阅读基本方法,1.定位信息是关键,先确定大的范围，然后再根据题目的具体信息锁定目标。2.掌握规律助答题（1）多项选择题4大特点（2）填空题解题技巧,3.快速阅读高分技巧,A.原文照搬由于快速阅读主要考查的是考生的阅读速度，所以四级考卷的命题者对相当比例的题目，只要求考生能够找出原文相对应的位置，就可以选出正确答案。B.同义转述多项选择的答案通常是原话的同义替换，以同义词或近义词取代部分原话内容。,多项选择题4大特点,4How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for glo
14、bal careers?AThey organize a series of seminars on world economyBThey offer them various courses in international politicsCThey arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus programDThey give them chances for international study or internshipAnd in the United States,institutions are helping place s
15、tudents in the summer internships（实习）abroad to prepare them for global careers.Yale and Harvard have led the way,offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible.,C.概括大意概括大意题有可能是概括整篇文章的大意，也有可能是概括某一个段落的大意。
16、D.肯定否定变换通常命题方式是原文用否定句，考题既是肯定句，或者是原文用肯定句，考题用否定句。,多项选择题4大特点,A.原文照搬。快速阅读中的填空题很多都可以照搬原文中的表达。B.同义转述。快速阅读中的填空题很多都是原文的同义转述。C.细节归纳。这样的题目较难，因为考生需要运用自己的综合知识灵活处理。,填空题解题技巧,10The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S.in that the very best of them will stay and_.They fail to grasp that welcomin
17、g foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects:first,the very best of them stay in the States and like immigrants throughout historystrengthen the nation,Listening:2012.6,Long Conversations,Long Conversations,考点位置：对话的特征决定了这些内容往往在文中问答交替处，尤其是问题的回答部分。考点：短对话中的反问、建议、原因等内容。,答题技
18、巧,先纵后横开头原则(前3句往往出第一个考点)同义替换 graduate=finish school转折词细节题（做好笔记）,A)Hosting an evening TV program.B)Having her bicycle repaired.C)Lecturing on business management.D)Conducting a market survey.A)He repaired bicycles.B)He served as a consultant.C)He worked as a salesman.D)He coached in a racing club.A)He
19、 wanted to be his own boss.B)He found it more profitable.C)He didnt want to start from scratch.D)He didnt want to be in too much debt.A)They work five days a week.B)They are all the mans friends.C)They are paid by the hour.D)They all enjoy gambling.,A)It has gradually given way to service industry.B
20、)It remains a major part of industrial activity.C)It has a history as long as paper processing.D)It accounts for 80 percent of the regions GDP.A)Transport problems.B)Shortage of funding.C)Lack of resources.D)poor management.A)Competition from rival companies.B)Product promotion campaigns.C)Possible
21、locations for a new factory D)Measures to create job opportunities.,Section BPassages,Passages,以议论文、说明文和记叙文三大体裁为基础。考点：议论文：论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者态度方面等；说明文：说明对象、说明对象各方面的特点等；记叙文：以短小故事类为主，考察事情的起因、经过和结果。,Passages,考试技巧：文章开篇首三句：中心论点、说明对象、事情起因；文末：议论文的结论、作者态度、记叙文的结果；文中：分论点与说明对象各方面特点都有比较明显的抽象性，而典型论据则具备典型词汇的辅助，如fi
22、rst,main,only,vital,crucial,chief,major,above all,最高级表达等。,考试发展形势：以说明文为主导，综合了各类文章考试特点而形成的综合式段子成为了我们的考试主流。考察点依然集中在文章开篇3句、结尾3句以及文章中间典型论据、原因转折、反复重复之处。,A)They shared mutual friends in school.B)They had known each other since childhood.C)They shared many extracurricular activities.D)They had many interest
23、s in common.A)At a local club.B)At Joes house.C)At the sports center.D)At the bearing school.A)Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.B)One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.C)It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friendsD)Social divisio
24、ns will break down if people get to know each other,A)Near the entrance of a park.B)In his buildings parking lot C)At a parking meter.D)At a street corner.A)It had been taken by the police B)It had keen moved to the next block.C)In had been stolen by someone.D)It had been parked at a wrong placeA)At
25、 the Greenville center.B)At a public parking lot.C)In a neighboring town.D)In a city garage.,A)Famous creative individuals.B)The mysteriousness of creativity.C)A major scientific discovery.D)Creativity as shown in arts.A)It is something people all engage in.B)It helps people acquire knowledge.C)It s
26、tarts soon after we are born.D)It is the source of all artistic work.A)Creative imagination.B)Logical reasoning C)Natural curiosity.D)Critical thinking.A)It is beyond ordinary people.B)It is yet to be fully understood.C)It is part of everyday life.D)It is a unique human trait.,复合式听写,1）前8个小词是自己的问题，多注
27、意一些词语如：Majority,frequently,environment,government,mechanism,correspondence,architecture,artificial,cooperation,coordination,specialist等字母很多但是平时又比较熟悉的词语。2）评分办法长句子的原文重现,复合式听写,3）概括的三种办法Doctors have strongly encouraged their patients to do more physical exercise in their daily life.（主干提取法）We can know ab
28、out running from numerous running clubs,books,and magazines(many media).Will it last long?Only time will tell or until another passion comes along(Nobody knows).,补充：特殊句型总结,一、形肯定意否定的句型 二、形否定意肯定的句型,一、形肯定意否定的句型,1、Id like toId love to，but The students English club is having a party on Saturday night.Can
29、 you come？I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends,2、使用虚拟语气If the traffic wasnt so bad,I could have been home by 6:00.What a pity!John was here to see you.又如：Do you like physics?Well,I wish it were interesting.,5、anything but句型。基本意思“除以外的任何事物”或“根本不”。如：Everyone is helping out with dinner
30、.Could you make the soup?Anything but that,6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。Youre not much of a rock and roll fan,are you？Its far from being my favorite kind of music,thats for sureCan you possibly lend me$10 until pay-day?Its out of the question.,out of question,二、形否定意肯定的句型,1、Why dont youWhy not?John,I dont know wha
31、t to get for your father.He has just about everything,doesnt he?Do you have any suggestions?Why dont you get him a pocket calculator?,二、形否定意肯定的句型,2、Do you mind?问句的回答用No,of course not.或者Not at all如：Do you mind if I borrow your note?No,of course not.They are on my desk,二、形否定意肯定的句型,3、notuntil句型。如：When
32、can the doctor see me？He wont be free until tomorrow,4、notmorebetter构成的特殊句型。I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now I cant agree with you more.You see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each yearHow is your business,Bob？Sales have never bee
33、n better.,5、Without a doubt;Dont mention it;No problem等作为回答的否定句型。如：Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution？Without a doubt,it will be on the exam,6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely等构成的句型。如：What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad I can hardly hear an accent,
