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1、Non-predicate Verbs,2,动名词由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例）。,3,1 动名词作主语、宾语、表语和定语,1）作主语。例如：南方与北方开战了。Fighting broke out between the South and the North.2）作表语 例如：她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.比较：She is washing,cleaning and taking
2、care of the children.对主语说明、解释,4,3）V 后作宾语 delay deny endure fancy postpone recall resent resume forgive keep 例如：你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗Would you mind turning down your radio a little,please?这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.,5,词组后作宾语admit to preferto be used to lead
3、 todevote to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud ofbe busy cant help be tired of be capable ofbe afraid of think of insist oncount on set aboutput off take upgive up be successful in,6,4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool=a po
4、ol swimming 游泳池,7,worth 的用法,worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。1.worth：be worth+n.当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again.这问题不值得反复讨论。2.worthy：be worthy of+n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is not worthy to be discussed again an
5、d again.3.worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。,8,动词不定式,动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。注:不定式的否定形式-not+不定式,9,1作宾语,1)动词+不定式afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother choose demand desire determine hope
6、fail help learn long manage offer plan pretend refuse tend expect intend 例如：司机没能及时看见另一辆车。The driver failed to see the other car in time.他表示愿意帮助我。He offered to help me.,10,2）动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：decide know consider forget learn remember show wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如：请演示给我们如何去做。Please s
7、how us how to do that.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.,11,2作补语,动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：advise allow command drive enable encourage force induce instruct invite order permit warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如；父亲不让我们在街上
8、玩耍。Father will not allow us to play on the street.长官命令士兵开火。The officer ordered his men to fire.,12,3 Its for sb.和 Its of sb.,1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：例如：对他来说学两门外语是很难的。Its very hard for him to study two languages.2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，如good,kin
9、d,nice,clever,foolish,right。例如：你来帮助我，你真是太好了。Its very nice of you to help me.,13,4用作介词的to,to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词：admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to,14,6 省去to 的动词不定式,1）情
10、态动词（除ought 外）后。2）使役动词 let,have,make后，感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：I saw him dance.我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better句型后4）Why/why
11、not句型后,15,5)but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.他只想出去玩。He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.除了吃这药，他什么都信。,16,6 句型tooto,1）tooto 太以至于不。例如：-Can I help you?需要我帮忙吗?-Well,Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,but thank you all the same.2）
12、如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。例如：Its never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。（谚语）3）当too 前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常 等于very。例如：Im only too pleased to be able to help you.能帮助你我非常高兴。He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。,17,动名词与不定式的区别：,动名词表达的是：性质，经常性，已发生的 不定式表达的是：目的，结果，一次性，将发生的,18,特殊词精讲,stop doing
13、/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing停止做某事。例如：他们停下来，抽了根烟。They stop to smoke a cigarette.我必须戒烟了。I must stop smoking.,19,forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。例如：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。He forgot turning the ligh
14、t off.,20,regret doing/to do regret to do对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。I dont regret telling her what I thought.,21,try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事，try doing试验，试着做某事。例如：你可要多加小心。我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。You must try to be m
15、ore careful.I tried gardening but didnt succeed.,22,go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。例如：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.,23,mean to doing/to do me
16、an to do 打算、想，mean doing意味着。例如：我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.增加工资意味着增加购买力。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.,24,begin（start）doing/to do begin/start to do sth/begin/start doing sth.1）谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2）begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。,25,感官动词+doing/do 感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：I saw him work in the garden yesterday.I saw him working in the garden yesterday.,
