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1、How to Become a Cult Leader:The Social Psychology of Groups,http:/,What is a Cult?,An organization operating on the fringes of society,“New Religious Movements”,Faith GroupsHigh Demand Faith GroupsDestructive Cults,http:/,Create Your Own Social Reality,Choose something people already believe in and
2、put your own spin on it.,Marshall Applewhite&Heavens Gate,Jim Jones&the Peoples Temple,L.Ron Hubbard&Scientology,David Koresh&the Branch Davidians,Fred Phelps&the Westboro Baptist Church,http:/,Create Your Own Social Reality,Eliminate all sources of information except that provided by the cult.,Remo
3、te area,No mass media,Limited contact with people outside the organization,http:/,Create Your Own Social Reality,Provide a cults eye view of the world,“Shirley Phelps-Roper,the attorney for the Westboro Baptist Church,explained that Rogers,as a Presbyterian minister with a television program,had a r
4、esponsibility to comment on the issue.By not doing so,she explained that he was helping to promote homosexuality,which the group says falls into the category of whoremongery and adultery,which will damn the soul forever in hell.She added that the support some Americans have given to homosexuals was
5、the reason behind tragedies including the Sept.11 attacks,the crash of the NASA shuttle Colombia(sic),and the nightclub fire in Rhode Island.“You dont get to pretend to decide what form God takes,Phelps-Roper said.Hes the God who could have stopped the shuttle crash,the nightclub fire,but instead he
6、 sent those things.This country has forgotten God and effectively flipped him off,and Fred Rogers is in part responsible.-Daily Illini,March 20,2003,http:/,Create Your Own Social Reality,Regarding the Sept 11th attacks,Jerry Falwell said on the 700 Club:,The pagans and the abortionists and the femin
7、ists and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle,the ACLU,People for the American Way all of them who have tried to secularize America,Falwell continued,I point the finger in their face and say you helped this happen.-ABC News,Sept 14,2001,Throwing God
8、 out successfully with the help of the federal court system,throwing God out of the public square,out of the schools,he said.The abortionists have got to bear some burden for this because God will not be mocked.And when we destroy 40 million little innocent babies,we make God mad.,http:/,Create Your
9、 Own Social Reality,Keep repeating it.,“Fiction if heard frequently enough can come to sound like fact.”-Pratkanis&Aronson,Age of Propaganda,http:/,Use the Ingroup Bias,Initiation,Distinctive clothes,Changed diet,Changed name,http:/,Send Your Members Out to Witness,Brings in new membersReestablishes
10、 current members beliefsHow?,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance,Perform a boring task.“Can you tell the next person how much you enjoyed it?”IV:$1 vs.$20DV:“So,how much did you really enjoy it?”Those paid$1 found the task much more enjoyable than those paid$20.-Festinger&Carlsmith(1959),http:/,Cognitive Di
11、ssonance,“This was really a lot of fun”,Why did I say that?It wasnt really fun at all!,Cognitive dissonance!The thought doesnt mesh with the behavior.,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance,Am I liar?Nah!Not me!,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance,I lied because they paid me$20.Thats a lot of$.I was doing my job.,“The
12、 task really was BORING!”,Cognitive dissonance resolved!,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance,They only paid me$1.Certainly I wouldnt sell my soul for$1.So why did I do it?,“The task really was ENJOYABLE!”,Cognitive dissonance resolved!,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance&Witnessing,Why did I say that?I really think
13、 that joining this organization was a bad idea.,“This organization is great!Join us!”,http:/,Cognitive Dissonance&Witnessing,Am I liar?Nah!Not me!,http:/,Nobody forced me to say that,so why did I do it?,“This group really is GREAT!”,Cognitive Dissonance&Witnessing,Cognitive dissonance resolved!,http
14、:/,Create Commitment,Foot-in-the-door techniqueIV:“Sign a petition supporting safe driving?”vs.no requestAbout 2 weeks later-DV:“Can we place this large,ugly Drive Safely sign in your front yard?”Those who had signed the petition were 3 times more likely to agree to the second request.-Freedman&Fras
15、er(1966),http:/,Create Commitment,Foot-in-the-door technique as used by Scientology,Time Magazine,1991,http:/,Create Commitment,Foot-in-the-door technique continued,Time Magazine,1991,http:/,Create Commitment,Foot-in-the-door technique continued,Time Magazine,1991,http:/,Establish Leaders Credibilit
16、y and Attractiveness,L.Ron Hubbard is GodDavid Koresh is the second coming of Christ,http:/,Distract Members from Thinking“Unthinkable”Thoughts,Especially important for new membersChantingSingingMeditationConstant group interaction,http:/,Fixate Members Vision on a Phantom,It looks solid,but is neve
17、r accomplished“Better world for the faithful”Doomsday has been moved to some future point,http:/,Recap,Create your own social realityUse the ingroup biasCreate commitmentEstablish leaders credibility&attractivenessSend members out to witnessDistract members from thinking the“unthinkable”Fixate members vision on a phantom,http:/,Further Reading,Pratkanis,A.&Aronson,E.(2001).Age of propaganda:The everyday use and abuse of persuasion,revised.Freeman.Cialdini,R.(2000).Influence:Science and practice,4th ed.Allyn&Bacon.,http:/,
