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1、三、分词,现在分词,过去分词,语态 时态类别,现在分词,一般式,完成式,主动语态,被动语态,doing,having done,being done,having been done,过去分词（无时态、语态变化）done,现在分词、过去分词的区别时间方面：现在分词表示 _过去分词表_ the swimming boy boiling water the broken glass boiled water语态方面：现在分词表_ 过去分词表_（注：不及物动词不表被动，表动作的完成、表状态）the swimming boy=the boy who is swimming the held meeti
2、ng=the meeting that was held,分词在句中的作用1、分词做定语单个的现在分词作定语一般放在_ 过去分词作定语可放在_ boiling water the time left boiled water in a given time,分词短语作定语一般放在_，相当于_ The boy sitting by Tom is his brother The boy who is sitting by Tom The story written by him is very interesting.The story which was written by him,注I、用现
3、在分词还是过去分词作定语，关键是看分词 与 所修饰的词（逻辑主语）之间的关系、（若主动关系用现在分词、若被动关系用过去分词）II、分词修饰something、anything、nothing、everything、nobody等不定代词或指示代词those要放在被修饰词的后面 There is nothing inspiring in his words.He is one of those invited.,分词作表语(定语)：现在分词作表语，表示_The story is very interesting.过去分词作表语，表示_She felt very tired.,分词作状语：现在分词
4、作状语，主句的主语是过去分词作状语，主句的主语是 _the city from the air,I think it beautiful._from the air,the city looks beautiful.A.To see B.Seeing C.Saw D.Seen结论:是用现在分词还是用过去分词作状语关键看主句的主语和分词之间的关系,A:现在分词可作时间、原因、方式、伴随和结果状语 Hearing the news,he burst into laughter.（时状）Seeing nobody at home,he left them a note.(原因状)He came ru
5、nning.(方式状)He sat there reading a book.（伴随状）They opened fire,killing one soldier.（结果状）Working hard,you will succeed.（条件状）,B:过去分词可做时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步状语 Seen from the air,the city looks beautiful.（时状）Punished by the teacher,he felt sad.(原因状)Given more attention,the tree could grow better.（条件状）The teacher
6、went out,followed by a group of students.（伴随状）Punished once by the teacher a day,Tom is still late for class.(让步状),作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾补表示 _，而过去分词作宾补则表示_He kept me waiting for a long time.He left his work undone.分词的否定形式，在分词前直接加not.Not knowing his address,I couldnt find his house.He escaped,not seen by anyo
7、ne.注意点：1.现在分词的一般式的被动语态（being done）过去分词（done）不定式的一般式的被动语态(to be done)作定语时的区别。The meeting being held now is very important.The meeting held yesterday is of importance.The meeting to be held tomorrow is of importance.,2、doing,having done 何时用现在分词一般时所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生Eg:putting down the book,he walked
8、 over to the window and saw what had happened.现在分词完成时两个动作之间 有先后关系则需要完成时态Having finished his homework,he went to bed.Having worked a whole day,he felt tired out.3、现在分词的完成式（having been done）不能用做名词的定语；但是过去分词表示完成+被动，可以做后置定语,4、不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只表动作的完成 表状态。eg:risen sun boiled water5、有些现在分词作状语是固定结构，需记住 gen
9、erally/honestly/frankly/strictly/exactly speaking;judging from concerning/concerned/given/considering/supposing/allowing for/seeing that/speaking of/talking about/takinginto consideration;1.He did poorly in his examination,considering how hard he studied.就他学习的努力程度来看，他这次考得很糟糕。2.He asked me questions
10、concerning my health.他问了我一些问题，是有关我健康方面的。3.C,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally,6、have sb do Have sth done have sb/sth doing The boss had workers working for him day and night.区别：get sb.to do get sth.don
11、e get sb./sth.doing sth He can get the machine starting.7、在have/get/和leave后即可接现在分词做宾补，表示 动作正 在进行，而且还可以接过去分词做宾补，表示动作已被完成。I had my hair cut.He left his work undone.He left Tom waiting for a long.,8、某些感观动词后可接现在分词作宾补，又可接动词原形作宾补，表示动作完成的全过程，现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行。I saw him going upstairs(正在上楼)I saw him go upstair
12、s(已上楼)独立主格结构 独立主格结构是个短语，不是句子，在句中作状语（表原因、时间、方式或条件）并对主句进行补充说明，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致（不是同一人或物）它可以放于句首或句中、通常与句子之间用逗号隔开构成：名词、代词分词、不定式、adj、adv、介词短语Eg.:1.Autumn coming,the leaves of tree turn yellow.(时状)2.The prisoner stood there,his hands risen.（伴随状）3.Nobody to come tomorrow,they will have to put off the mee
13、ting till next week.（条件状）4.He fell asleep,all the lights on.（伴随状）,5.The boy is playing outside,with his face red.6.The teacher walks into the classroom,with a book in his hand.7.The tourists visited many scenic spots in Beijing,the guide acting as interpreter(方式状)注：with+宾语+宾补也是一种独立主格结构，即可做状语，也可做定语。T
14、he boy with a tooth lost is Tom.,结论：独立主格结构中用现在分词还是过去分词，关键看分词与其主格（逻辑主语）之间的关系注：独立主格结构中being，having done常省略。The class(being)over,students went out.All the tickets(having been)sold out,they had to wait for the next weeks show.,但是：独立主格结构中being done 表示正在被做时，being不可省略。Food being cooked,he fell asleep.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being常不省略。It being fine,we can go out.There being no time left,he had to speed up.,Bye bye,
