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1、宾语补足语的用法,英语的五个基本结构S 十 V 主谓结构S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语,1S 十 V 句式He runs quickly他跑得快。2S 十 V 十 P 句式：The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。3S 十 V 十 O 句式They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。4S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 句式He offer
2、ed me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。5S 十 V 十 O 十 C 句式They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out我发现他出去了。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。He found the door of study closed to him他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。,一、可以充当宾语补足
3、语的词和词组有：,1、名词：We made him our monitor.They thought this good advice.They named their daughter Jenny.注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：They elected John chairman of the committee.,2、形容词：You should keep y
4、our room clean and tidy.Wed better leave the door open.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut 等。,3、现在分词：Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.At this moment she notic
5、ed the teacher coming in.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,5、过去分词：He watched the TV set carried out of the room.Last year they had their house rebuilt.When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.,4、动词不定式：Nobody could make him change his mind.Would you like me to come along with you?He believed the
6、earth to be a globe.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：When do you want it back?Why didnt you invite them in?We could hear the children at play outside.,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：We made him our monitor.(He
7、is our monitor.)You should keep your room clean and tidy.(Your room is clean and tidy.)We could hear the children singing in the classroom.(The children are singing in the classroom.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：I once heard this song sung in Japanese.(This s
8、ong was once sung in Japanese.)I didnt want the children taken out in such weather.(The children were taken out in such weather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse 等。例如：She caught her son smok
9、ing a cigarette.His words started me thinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,call on,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist
10、,report,bear,wait for/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,look at,observe,listen to,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：,1、在hear,listen to,let,have,make,see
11、,watch,notice,observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to。I have my students come early.We often hear him sing the song at home(=He is often heard to sing the song at home.)They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.(=They knew her very well.She was seen to grow up from childhood.)2、help 一词后的不定式，可带
12、 to，也可以不带 to。Would you like to help me(to)carry the luggage,五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：,I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.Do you consider it any good trying again?We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在这种结构中，宾
13、语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider 等。,with复合结构的七种形式,with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。With 复合结构指的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，它是一个十分有用的结构，不仅教材中经常出现，考试中经常考到，而且它也是同学们写作时使句子变得“高级”的一个重要手段,构成：它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一
14、部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。它的作用；用作状语，表示原因，时间，伴随，条件等,形式一 with+宾语+形容词He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。Dont speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。,形式二 with+宾语+副词He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。He was lying on the bed with all his
15、 clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。,形式三 with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。形式四 with+宾语+介词短语She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。,形式五 with+宾语+现在分词(短语)He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。I wont be able to go on
16、 holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。,形式六 with+宾语+过去分词(短语)He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。,形式七 with+宾语+不定式(短语)I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。With so many people to help us,we are sure to
17、finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。,with复合结构的作用,with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等 1)We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.(作伴随状语)2)She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.(作原因状语)3)He lay in bed with his head covered.(作方式状语),4)Jack soon fell asleep with the light still bur
18、ning.(作伴随状语)5)I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.(作原因状语)6)He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.(作方式状语),注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。1)There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）2)It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.(作定语修
19、饰a stretch of country）,Practice,单句改错,The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.We all elected Jason the monitor.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.,understood,
20、to,warm,5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide
21、behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tell him _ the window.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut2.-Theres a hole in your bag.-I know,Im going to have it _.mend B.mending C.mended D.to be mended3.Though h
22、e had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry4.They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.to risk going B.risking to goC.for risk to go D.risk going,单项选择,5.I found the door _ when I got home.opened B.close C.unlo
23、cking D.open6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.not to B.not to do C.not do D.do not to7.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on8.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time
24、.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled9.I advised _ at once.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start,10.When I put my hand on his chest,I could feel his heart still _.beat B.to be beating C.beating D.was beating11.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling out12.He managed to make himself_with his_English.understand;breaking B.understand;brokenC.understood;breaking D.understood;broken13.The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A.expose B.exposed C.to expose D.exposing,Thank you,
