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1、高三理科班优生辅导英语资料（一）,完形填空,完 形,技巧点拨,走近高考,高考完形填空考什么完形填空主要考查考生对语篇意义的理解，对上下文意义关系的把握。其空格只能是名词、动词、形容词和副词这4种实词。而以下四种情况，一般不考：(1)不考虚词。即不考冠词、代词、介词、连词等虚词。(2)不考语法。,(3)不考固定搭配。即不会考查只要你背熟固定词组，无需理解短文意思，就可选出答案的题。(4)不考词语辨析。一般说来，四个选项的意义相差很大。教师要花十分钟八分钟来辨析，但你依然不是十分清楚的那些同义词或近义词，在高考完形填空中，至今尚未同时出现在选项之中。,模拟训练 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题
2、所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves,many put friends ahead of homes,jobs,clothes and cars.,A true 1 carries along history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected.It is a treasure we should prove it.2,the better f
3、riends you are,the more probably youll have disagreements.,A.success B.leadership C.friendship D.agreement2.A.Uncertainly B.Unfairly C.Luckily D.Unfortunately,D因“朋友越好越有分歧”，可见，这是“不幸”的事。,C与前句中的friends是同源复现。,And the 3 can be what you dont want-an end to the relationship.The good news is that most troub
4、led friendships can be 4.First，dont let your pride get in your way.,3.A.result B.connection C.relation D.Experience4.A.mended B.gained C.proved D.continued,A因troubled与mend是同现，意思是“最困扰的友谊也可以修补”。,A因result与end是近义复现，由“结束”想到这是“结果”了。,Most of us can forgive each other when 5 are brought out in the open.Seco
5、nd,apologize when youre wrong even if youve been 6.,5.A.secrets B.differences C.mistakes D.clothes6.A.admitted B.wronged C.fired D.beaten,6.B因wronged与下文中的wronged是原词复现。指“被冤枉”。,5.B因differences与disagreements近义复现。,Over the course of friendship，even the best people 7 mistakes.Sometimes,it may be best if
6、the wronged person takes the lead and 8.When you apologize,give your friend a 9 to admit that he has been wrong.,7.A.correct B.record C.admit D.make8.A.opens B.mends C.apologizes D.Considers9.A.chance B.gift C.car D.treasure,9.A因“承认错误”与“机会”是同现。由常识也可知道，指给别人认错的“机会”。,7.D由上下文别人冤枉你，可知此处指“犯错误”。,8.C因apolog
7、izes与下句中的apologize是原词复现。,Third,see things from your friends point of view.And 10，accept that friendships 11 as our needs and lifestyles change.Making friends can sometimes seem 12.,10.A.Naturally B.finally C.possibly D.Happily11.A.end B.begin C.change D.finish12.A.difficult B.loose C.upset D.easy,11
8、.C与本句末的change是原词复现，句意是，“友谊也会随着我们的需要和生活方式的改变而改变”。,10.B因finally与first，second，third属同现。,12.D与下文hard是反义同现。意思是，交朋友有时似乎是容易的，难就难在将关系保持下去。,The hard part is 13 the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all 14.My suggestion:Consider friendship an honor and a gift，and worth
9、the effort to 15 and nurture.,13.A.developing B.improving C.keeping D.producing14.A.partners B.teenagers C.lifestyles D.relationships15.A.treasure B.recover C.swap D.concern,13.C由常识可知是“保持关系”；虽然也可说“发展关系”和“改善关系”，但develop和improve一般不需再接形容词作宾补了。,15.A因友谊是荣誉和礼物，所以值得珍惜(treasure)和培养(nurture)。treasure 是nurtur
10、e同现。,14.D因relationships与connections是近义重现，都指“关系”。,高考完形填空怎么考在保证语境充足的情况，将名词、动词、形容词和副词留空。四个选项必须是：(1)词类相同。即四个选项要么都是名词,要么都是动词,要么都是形容词,要么都是副词。,技巧点拨,一、完形填空,?,?,(2)语法形式相同。即四个选项,如果是动词,要么都是-ing形式,要么都是-ed形式,要么都是原形;如果是名词,要么都是单数,要么都是复数;如果是形容词或副词,要么都是原级,要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级。(3)正确选项的分布基本均等。即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个小题,
11、A、B、C、D各占34个。,(2010辽宁)When I first entered university,my aunt,who is an English professor,gaveme a new English-English dictionary.I was 1 to see that it was an English dictionary,alsoKnown as a monolingual dictionary.A.worried B.sad C.surprised D.nervous,真题演练,1.C通读全文可知,作者是一个中国大学生,中国人学英语,尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉
12、词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候,他感到“吃惊”。,Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners,none of my classmates had one but,to be honest,I found it extremely 2 to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning.2.A.difficultB.interesting C.ambiguousD.prac
13、tical,2.A最初用英英词典,不习惯,所以作者感觉用起来“很难”。,I was used to the 3 bilingual dictionaries,in which the words are 4 both in English and Chinese.3.A.new B.familiar C.earlier D.ordinary3.B固定搭配be used to 表示“习惯，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉的。4.A.explainedB.expressed C.describedD.created4.A此句是一个in which引导的
14、定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained.,I really wondered why my aunt 5 to make things so difficult for me.Now,after studying English at university for three years,I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language.5.A.offered B.agreed C.decided D.happened5.C我真想知道我姑妈
15、为什么决定这么为难我。6.A.imagine B.recommend C.predictD.understand6.D过去不理解,经过一段时间后,明白了(understand)。7.A.natural B.better C.easier D.convenient7.B此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比较,A和D项没用比较级,better强调更好,更实用,而easier则不可能。,As I found out,there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two
16、 8 in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to 9 that a Chinese“equivalent”can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English!8.A.wordsB.namesC.ideas D.characters8.A词典上重点的内容应该是单词。9.A.hopeB.declareC.doubt D.tell9.B我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思绝不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。10.A.exactB.basicC.translated D.expected 10.A前面的a
17、Chinese equivalent和the meaning of a word in English对应，所表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。,11,she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.12,I have come to see what she meant.11.A.RatherB.However C.ThereforeD.Instead1
18、1.C此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系,所以用therefore。12.A.LargelyB.Generally C.GraduallyD.Probably12.C该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”,所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。,Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a 13 number of words,around 2,000,in its definitions.13.
19、A.greatB.used C.totalD.limited13.D从后面的around 2,000可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在2,000左右。,When I read these definitions,I am 14 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.15 this,I can express myself more easily in English.14.A.repeatedlyB.nearly C.immediatelyD.anxiousl
20、y14.A在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇是怎样解释事物和观点的，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。15.A.According toB.In relation to C.In addition toD.Because of15.D后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。,助读词汇,解答完形的三项原则解答完形填空应遵循以下三项基本原则。1.上下求索寻信息。这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后,有的在前文和后
21、文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如：,一、完形填空,技巧点拨,The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who were getting off the bus should get off first,and students who were getting on should get on later.(2010广东)27.A.parentsB.students C.teachersD.drivers解析：由下文与之并列的and students who
22、were getting on should get on.可知,只能选B(students)。,2.左顾右盼找搭配。答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上,或盯在一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。如：,On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.(2009广东)21.A.foundB.Misunderstood C.MistookD.Judged解析：四个选项中,能与后面for搭配的,只有mis
23、took;即mistake A for B(将A误以为B)。,3.思前想后通全文。有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都没有语法错误，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。如：,Nobel arranged in his will to.give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes,which would be awarded to people.who made g
24、reat 29 to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.29.A.additionsB.Sacrifices C.ChangesD.contributions解析:若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以填,从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只能选D。,真题演练(2010陕西)I used to live selfishly,I should admit.But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 1
25、 the office to get something to eat.1.A.leftB.cleaned C.preparedD.searched1.A由本句中的to get something to eat及后文内容可知,作者“离开”了办公室外出了。,On the way,I 2 a busker(街头艺人)，with a hat in front of him.I had some 3 in my pocket,but I would not give them to him，thinking to myself he would only use the money to feed h
26、is addiction to drugs or alcohol.2.A.led B.chose C.saw D.fooled2.C由末段中I saw the busker again可提到启示。3.A.chocolates B.coins C.tins D.drugs3.B根据空后的in my pocket可以推断出。,He 4 like that type-young and ragged.But what was I going to spend the money on?Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate!I then
27、 5 I had no right to place myself above him just because he was busking.4.A.acted B.looked C.sounded D.smelt4.B根据本句中的young and ragged可以推断出所填词和like构成搭配,意思是：看起来像。5.A.declared B.realized C.expected D.guessed5.B句意是：后来我意识到我不能把我置于他之上,因为他在街头卖艺。,I 6 and dropped all the coins into his 7,and he smiled at me,I
28、 watched for a while.6.A.waited B.followed C.stopped D.arrived6.C由后文的dropped和walked off可以推断出此处所填词意思是：停下来。7.A.rag B.hat C.pocket D.counter7.B由前文的with a hat in front of him可知。,As 8 as it sounds,I expected something more to come from that moment a feeling of 9 or satisfaction,for example.8.A.selfish B.
29、awkward C.innocent D.special8.A根据文章首句可知。A.happiness B.sadness C.love D.hate9.A所填词与satisfaction并列,意思应该相近,由此可以推断出。,But nothing happened.10,I walked off.“It proved to be a waste of 11，”I thought.10.A.Disappointedly B.Unfortunately C.Coincidentally D.Comfortably10.A根据前一句But nothing happened可知此处选A,意思是：失望
30、地。11.A.words B.effort C.space D.money11.D由前文的coins可知。,On my way home at the end of the 12,I saw the busker again and he was 13.I watched him pick up the hat and walk to a cafe counter.12.A.moment B.day C.break D.event12.B 根据本句中的on my way home可知所填词意思是：当天，一天。13.A.walking around B.passing by C.packing
31、up D.running off13.C pack up：收拾行李,句意是：我看到他在收拾行李。,There he poured the 14 contents into a tin collecting for an earthquake fund-raising(募捐)event.He was busking for charity(慈善)！Now I donate any 15 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving.14.A.chief B.basic C.actual D.total14.D 根据谓语动词poure
32、d可以推断出。15.A.work B.time C.energy D.change15.D change根据动词donate和have可以推断出。,selfishly 自私地pocket 口袋addiction 嗜好drug 毒品alcohol 白酒ragged 破烂的busk 卖艺counter 柜台poured 倒进,助读词汇,一、完形填空技巧点拨 五个根据解答完形填空题，有以下五个“根据”：1根据首句暗示。高考完形填空首句往往不设空,是个完整的句子,通过它可以了解全文,判断文章的大意或主题,建立正确的思维导向,对解题非常关键。,2.根据逻辑推理。考生要懂得根据文段意思和日常生活经验及科普
33、常识等进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。3.根据语言结构。就是根据选项所在句的对比结构、排比结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。,4根据词语复现。词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。利用词语的复现,对解题很有帮助。5根据前后语境。高考完形填空中绝大多数题是要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。有的根据上文,有的根据下文,有的要上下文结合,甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。,真题演练 2010广东 Every country has its ownculture.Even though each country uses doors，doors may have 1 func
34、tions and purposeswhich lead to 2 differences.A.different B.important C.practicalD.unusual1.A从本句的后半句得知。2.A.nationalB.embarrassing C.culturalD.amazing2.C根据文章首段提示可知,门的功能不同导致了文化差异。,When I first came to America,I noticed that a public building had two different 3 and they had distinct functions.You have
35、 to 4 the door with the word“PUSH”to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word“PULL”to 5 the building.,3.A.exits B.entrances C.signs D.doors3.D从下文“push the door with the word PUSH”和“pull the door with the word PULL”及two different可知。4.A.move B.push C.pull D.knock4.B根据后面的with the word“
36、PUSH”得知。5.A.enter B.leave C.open D.close5.A与go out of相对应的显然是enter。,This was new to me,because we use the 6 door in South Korea.For quite a few times I 7 to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.6.A.main B.same C.front D.back6.B与前面第三题的different doors相反的是the same door。7.A.managed B.succeeded
37、 C.failed D.tried7.C从后面的was embarrassed得知作者没能走出购物中心。,The way of using school bus doors was also 8 to me.I used to take the school bus to 9.8.A.annoyingB.Hard C.SatisfyingD.strange8.D根据第三段内容得知,公共建筑门的使用方式不同,使作者感到尴尬。因此,这里的巴士门对作者来说也是陌生的。9.A.classes B.homes C.workplacesD.libraries9.A坐校巴当然是去上课了。,The schoo
38、l decided that when the driver opened both the 10 and back doors,11 who were getting off the bus should get off first，and students who were getting on should get on 12.10.A.left B.right C.real D.front 10.D与back相对应的是front。11.A.parents B.students C.teachers D.drivers11.B由下文的and students who were getti
39、ng on should get on.可推知。12.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlier 12.B与前面的first相对,即要先下后上。,In South Korea,we do not need to wait for people to 13.One morning,I hurried to the bus,and when the bus doors opened,I 14 tried to get on the school bus through the front door.,13.A.get on B.get back C.get in D.g
40、et off 13.D在韩国不必等乘客下车(get off)后便可以上车。14.A.politely B.patiently C.unconsciously D.slowly14.C由上文“In south to get off”可知作者在生活中已经养成了习惯,由生活常识知道,到美国后,就无意识的遵循以往的习惯,就“无意识地”上车了。,All the students around looked at me,I was totally 15,and my face went red.15.A.embarrassedB.annoyed C.unsatisfiedD.excited,15.A从下文的my face went red可知,周围所有的人都看着自己,当然“感到尴尬”了。,
