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1、外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery,一、现代外科学的发展 Development of Modern Surgery,解剖学 Anatomy,John Hunter(1728-1793),Scottish surgeon，the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.黄帝内经-血循环,麻醉 Anesthesia,Willam t.G.Morton(1819-1868)Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether an
2、esthesia on October 16,1846,at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery扁鹊 酒,3.抗菌术 Antisepsis,上世纪四十年代该校著名的产科医生Semmelweis博士(1818-1865),因为发现了puerperal fever（产褥热）的病因而被尊称为“母亲的救星”,所以为了纪念这一重大研究成果,学校在1969年改名为Semmelweis。,德国医生Bergmann 蒸汽灭菌1929 英国Fleming 青霉素,输血 Blood transfus
3、ion,Karl Landsteiner(1868-1943),奥地利病理学家、美国免疫学家，1930年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖得主，the human blood groups,A,B,and O.,奥地利1968年6月14日发行病理学家卡尔.兰德斯泰纳誔辰100周年邮票，一套1枚,Richard Lewisohn(1875-1961),德国枸橼酸钠，血液抗凝,Theodor Kocher(1841-1917),professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of
4、the thyoid.He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.,Theodor Billroth(1829-1894),professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon,Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.,John H.Gibbon(1903-1973),心脏外科，体外循环,Alexis Carrel(1873-1944),器官移植，He was awarded the Nobel Pri
5、ze in 1912.,傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人,1954 二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation1990s-灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科 Burn surg,Digestive S.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科
6、 Stomatological S.Plastic S.Pediatric Cardio S.,外科的发展,外科学范畴,外科疾病分类 1)损伤 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical2)感染 3)肿瘤（良性，恶性）4)畸形（Congenital,Acquired）,5)内分泌功能失调：甲状腺 6)其它 梗阻：血管，肠，结石 寄生虫病静脉曲张,分类：工作对象和性质实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery临床外科 Clinical Surgery,2)人体解剖系统骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery颌面外科Dentof
7、acial surgery心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科Urologic surgery神经外科Neurosurgery普通外科General surgery(腹部外科)Abdominal surgery,3)疾病性质 肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急症外科Emergency surgery创伤外科Trauma surgery烧伤外科Burn surgery4)手术方式整复外科Plastic surgery显微外科Microsurgery移植外科Transplantation微创外科Minimally invasive surgery,5)年龄 小儿
8、外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科Adult Surgery6)专业 妇科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科Ophthalmology,3.外科总论与各论 General Surgery&Special Surgery,外科学总论 General Surgery 各临床外科共同的专业基础 基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁外科学各论Special Surgery 论述各系统、各脏器 外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗,外科分子生物学 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫学 Surgical immunology 无菌术 Aseptic
9、 technique 外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 输血 Blood transfusion,外科休克Surgical shock外科营养Surgical nutrition多器官功能障碍综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS麻醉Anesthesia外科重症监测治疗Surgical intensive care,心肺脑复苏 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation疼痛治疗Pain management&Analg
10、esia围手术期处理Paraoperative management门诊外科Outpatient surgery外科感染Surgical infection肿瘤Neoplasma,创伤Trauma烧伤与冷伤Burns&Cold injury显微外科Microsurgery器官移植Organ transplantation组织工程Tissue engineering腔镜外科Laparoscopic&thorascopic surgery内镜外科Endoscopic surgery外科介入治疗Surgical intervention treatment,如何学习外科,外科医师的职业道德 Mora
11、l Character理论联系实践Theory and Practice外科基础Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic technique,Spunk of tiger 胆大,形象化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demands,Eyes of eagle 眼明,Hands of women 手巧,Heart of mother 心细,学 问-Learn to find questions-Learn to ask questions-Learn to solve questionsBooks are you best teachersLibrary is your best school,结束语,Now,you may have a good start-why to learn-how to learnWell begun,half done.,
