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1、动词不定式,观察这些句子,1)He likes to read novels.2)I saw him come.3)We decided not to buy that house.4)It is interesting to fly a kite.5)Please let him not go there.,动词不定式,定义,构成,用法,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动词不定式 的构成：,肯定：to+V.原 或者(to)+V.原 否定：not/never+(to)+V.原,(
2、to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带),动词不定式的用法,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,作主语,To obey the laws is everyones duty.,To drive in the mountains is very difficult.,不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由”it”代替它做形式主语。,It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.,It is everyones duty to obey the laws.,作宾语,后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：
3、agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,would like等。如：We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。The girl decided to do it herself.那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。,作表语,My job is to teach the students.His idea is to save their lives at once.,What I ask him to do is to have his hair cut.What you can do is
4、to close your mouth.,作宾语补足语,1后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help等。老师要我们做练习一。The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.我要你们俩去。I want both of you to go.我们帮助她修理自行车。We helped her(to)repair her bike.,作宾语补足语,2使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Lets have a rest.我们休息
5、一会吧。I saw him come in.我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,一感 feel二听 hear,listen to三让 make,let,have四看 look at,see,watch,notice,若要变成被动语态，to要加上：They are made to work for 16 hours a
6、 day by the boss.,作定语,2.动词不定式与所修饰的词处于动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：The nurse has five children to look after.Give me a piece of paper to write on.,1不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰词之后。I have a lot of homework to do.Im hungry.Please give me something to eat.,作状语:（表示行为的目的、原因、结果等）,Lets stop to have a rest.(表目的）,Im ve
7、ry happy to see you.(表原因）,He is too young to go to school.(表结果）,动词不定式和疑问词连用,与疑问代词who,what,which或疑问副词 when,where,how,why构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语等。,I dont know what to do.（作宾语）,The problem is when to start.（作表语）,How to save the child is the most important to us.(作主语）,时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doin
8、g,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,不定式的语态,1.It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.2.The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted.3.The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.4.He is said to have been praised.,几对易混淆的词组：stop to do s
9、th.停下来去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 doing sth.忘记已做了某事,remember to do sth.记得去做某事 doing sth.记得曾经做某事,mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着try to do 尽力做 doing 试着做consider to be 认为。是 doing 考虑做某事cant help do 不能帮着做某事 doing 忍不住做某事,动词不定式的否定形式,动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.如：Zhang Ming asked me not
10、to stay at home all day.张明要我不要整天呆在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。,典型试题,1.Its bad for your eyes computer games too much.A.plays B.to play C.play D.playing2.She was often heard in the room.A.singing B.sing C to sing D.sung 3.What did the man say over there?-He told us any further
11、.There is danger ahead.A.dont go B.not go C.not to go D.to go 4.The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climber halfway.A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped5.He brought some photos of his family for me.A.to look B.look at C.to look at D.looking at,B,C,A,C,(作主语),(作宾语补足语),(在使役动词后作宾补的不定式通常不带to.),(不定式和修饰
12、的词有动宾关系，且不定式是不及物动词时，后面必须加介词),C,(作感官动词的宾补,变被动语态时，to要还原）,6.Mike wants to a park on Sunday.A.go B.to go C.goes D.went7.I often saw some boys in the river.A.swam B.to swim C.swim D.swims8.Do you have anything.A.to say B.saying C.says D.said9.The students were made the text three times.A.copy B.copying C.to copy D.copied10.Can you tell me to the post office?A.to how get B.get to how C.how get D.how to get 11.Youd better there because it is dark.A.dont go B.not go C.not to go D.didnt go,B,C,A,C,D,B,Thank you!,
