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1、短文填空答题指导&训练,By Ms Wu Yingfen,一、短文填空题型说明 短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目，究其原因有以下：1、考点不明确：凡涉及到英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。2、内容包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。,短文填空要求学生在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副
2、词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做短文填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。,二、短文填空解题思路 1、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正
3、确形式。,3、三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,三、做短文填空题的注意之处 1、语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2、要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。,3、填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考
4、虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4、有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。,Exercise One,A barber(理发师)was working when a man came in with a boy after him.The barber was asked to give him a shave(刮脸)and the 1_ a haircut(理发).2_ the man had his shave,he 3_ the barber that he wou
5、ld like to go down the street for a drink when the barber cut the boys 4_.The man also promised that he would be back 5_.It 6_ the barber long to give the boy a haircut.Another half an hour 7_ and the boy was still waiting.In the end,the barber asked the boy 8_ his father was away so long.The boy to
6、ld the barber that the man was not his 9_ at all.He said he met him in the street and was asked if he would like to have a haircut.He 10_ and followed the man here for a haircut.,hair,soon,passed,why,father,agreed,After,told,boy,took,Exercise Two,Every day some people are killed while they are cross
7、ing the road.Most of them are old people and 1_.Old people are often killed 2_ they cant see or hear very well.Children are often killed because they are not 3_ enough.They forget to look and listen before they 4_ the road.A car or a bus cant stop quickly.If it is going very 5_,it will travel many m
8、etres 6_ it stops.Some people dont always understand this.They 7_ a car can stop in a few metres.It is difficult to 8_ how fast a car is moving.The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9_ ways,right and left.Then if the roads are empty,you 10_ cross.,because,children,fast,think,careful,cros
9、s,before,know,both,can,Exercise Three,Many years ago,an English family lived in China.One evening,an important Chinese officer came to 1_ them.It got later and later,and he 2_ didnt go,the hostess had to invite him to have 3_ with them.But she had very little 4_ in the house,so she went to the kitch
10、en and spoke to her Chinese cook.The cook said,“It is all right.You will have a very good dinner.”After they all sat down to eat,the lady was very 5_ because there was lots of good food on the 6_.After the officer 7_,the hostess ran to the kitchen and asked the cook,“8_ did you make such a good meal
11、 in half an hour?”“I 9_ make it,madam,”he said,“I asked one of the servants(仆人)to go to the Chinese officers house,and he 10_ back the Chinese officers dinner.”,visit,left,How,didnt,brought,still,dinner,food,surprised,table,Exercise Four,Light travels at a speed(速度)of 300,000 kilometers in a second.
12、Its about a million times 1_ than that of sound,for sound travels only 340 2_ in a second.You can understand this big difference 3_ watching the start of a running match.If you stand far away 4_ the starter(发令员),you can 5_ the smoke coming from his gun before the sound reaches your 6_.The fast speed
13、 of light produces some strange facts.The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the light from it 7_ four years to reach us.The light from some other stars began to travel to the earth even before you were born.So,if you want to be honest(诚实),you 8_ say,“The stars are shining brightly toni
14、ght.”You have to say,“The stars look nice.They were shining many years 9_,but their light has just 10_ our planet.,faster,meters,by,ears,from,see,reached,cant,ago,takes,Exercise Five,Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town.People usually 1_ new umbrellas here,and sometimes they brought him 2_
15、broken umbrellas.Then Mr Brown took them to mend in a big shop in London.One day,Mr Brown went to London by train.He 3_ to take an umbrella with him that day.An old man was sitting next to him with an umbrella standing by the seat.When the train arrived in London,Mr.Brown 4_ up the umbrella as he of
16、ten did during his journey by train.Just as he was getting 5_,the old man 6_ him and said angrily,“Thats my umbrella,not yours!”Mr.Browns face 7_ red and he gave the umbrella back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop,the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready.After a good look at
17、 each of them,he said to the shopkeeper,“Youve 8_ them very well.”In the afternoon,Mr Brown took the train home 9_ the umbrellas.To his 10_,the old man was sitting next to him again.He looked at Mr Brown and the six umbrellas,“Youve had a lucky day,”he said.,bought,their,picked,off,stopped,forgot,tu
18、rned,mended,surprise,with,Exercise Six,Here are some old ways to send messages in the past.An Egyptian(埃及人)put his ear to the ground.He 1_ the horses coming this way.Then he ran to 2_ his people.He was a guard.That was one way 3_ Egyptians to send messages.People in other countries sent messages,too
19、.4_ enemies came,one man 5_ his drum.In the next village,people heard the drum and beat their drums,too.The messages went 6_ village to village by drum.Much more,some armies(军队)kept many pigeons(鸽子).These pigeons always 7_ back.When a soldier was sent far away from his own army he might take a pigeo
20、n along.He could tie a message to the birds 8_.It would fly back 9_ the soldiers message.These are the old ways to send messages.Can you think of 10_ ways?,When,from,leg,for,beat,heard,told,flew,with,other/more,Exercise Seven,Thomas Edison was a great American inventors.When he was a child,he was al
21、ways 1_ questions and trying out new ideas.No matter(无论)how hard it was,he 2_ gave up.Young Tom was in school 3_ only three months.His teacher didnt understand 4_ he had so many strange questions.And most of the questions were not about his lessons.The teacher didnt want to 5_ Tom any more.He asked
22、Toms mother to take the boy home.Toms mother taught him to read and write,and she found 6_ to be a very good pupil.He learnt very fast and became very 7_ in science.One day,Tom 8_ a little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station.A train was coming near quickly,and the boy was too 9_ to move.Tom rushed out and carried the boy to safety.The boys father was so thankful that he taught Tom to 10_ messages by telegraph.That helped Tom walk into the magic world of science.,never,for,why,teach,him,send,frightened,asking,interested,saw,
