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1、副词和副词词组,副词和形容词一样，也在句中句中主要作修成分，所不同的是副词（词组）可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；副词词组主要在句子中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义；副词词组还可修饰整个句子，表示说话人对话语的态度和看法，就是用副词词组作评注性状语；当然副词词组还可以做连接性状语，这种副词词组的中心词叫做连接副词。,副词的分类,按词的构成:early late fast 简单副词(Simple Adverb)派生副词(Derivative Adverb):绝大多数的副词都是派生副词如carefully、angrily、politly、recently等大都是由形容词加后缀-ly构成的 按
2、词汇意义划分 方式副词（adberb of manner):happily、rudely、coldly等 程度副词（Adverb of Degree):almost、completely、hardly等 时间副词（Adverb of Time):already、before、finally、recently等 频度副词（Adverb of Frequently):always、constantly、frequently、地点副词（Adverb of Place):above、up、below、down等 连接副词（Conjunctive Adverb):therefore、however、th
3、us等 解说副词（Explanatory Adverb):as、namely（也就是、换句话说）,副词和副词词组的主要用法,副词在词组中作修饰语副词在词组中作状语,修饰动词 The completely ignord my views I entirely agree with her这里的completely、entirely是程度副词，对随后的动词起强调、弱化、强化等修饰作用。副词在作形容词、副词、介词等的修饰语时也是词组成分，而不是分句成分 修饰形容词 That was a very funny film He had an very deep voice（深沉有力的嗓音）修饰介词和连词
4、 少数几个副词（如well、right、just、soon等）也可用于修饰介词 I cant reach it;its well(远远地）over my head Theres the house,right in front of you his parents are dead(完全地）against the trip 修饰限定词 某些程度副词可作前置修饰语修饰限定词 we walked about 5 miles Virtually(差不多）all the students participated in the discussion They recovered roughly(大约）
5、half their equipment 类似的用法还有exactly the same much the same 等 例如：this machine is ecactly the sme in design as the other one they did it much the same way,修饰名词和整个名词词组 在非正式语体中，少数几个（如quite、rather等）程度副词都做前置修饰语，置于限定词之前修饰整个名词词组。例如：It take quite time Shes rather a fool还有一些地点副词和时间副词能作后置修饰语修饰名词，例如：the way beh
6、ind the meeting yesterday the man here his retrn home 等也有些副词，包括上述某些副词，也能作前置修饰语修饰名词，例如：the downstairs part of the house the above sentence the backstage noise in after years an away match(在对方球场举行的比赛）修饰副词：He drives extremely carefully He spoke sort of proudly副词的上述用法都做前置修饰语，只有enough 例外，作后置定语 She cooks
7、well enough He didt run fast enough,副词词组在句中作状语,作修饰性状语作评注性状语作连接性状语修饰性状语副词词组作修饰性状语，表示动作、过程、状态等发生和存在的时间、地点、方式等。副词词组在用作修饰性状语时，它在句中的位置是比较灵活的，可以位于句尾、句中或句首，但这也要从词汇意义上看中心词属于何种副词。一般来说，时间副词词组根据修饰需要置于句首、句中、句尾都可以。recently they had an accident they recently had an accident they had an accident recently 方式副词词组置于句
8、尾者居多 they live frugally(节俭地）he always drives carefully 但有时由于修饰需要也可置于句首。例如：Quietly she walked on and on 地点副词词组位于句尾者居多。例如：the porter will take your luggage upstairs the captain told the sailors to go below I couldt find it though id looked everywhere 当两个或两个以上的表示不同意义的状语在句中连续出现时，他们的正常词序是：方式状语地点状语时间状语 th
9、e child piayed at the seaside from morning till night 上面所讲的是状语的正常语序，但在实际使用中，两个或两个以上的状语顺序排列毕竟不是很多。有时，由于不同的语义意图，为了强调某一方面的意义，是句子结构平衡和节奏流畅，或者为了上下文的自然承接，也可以把时间状语放在句首,评注性状语 评注性状语即分离性状语，于修饰性状语不同。他不是修饰谓语和谓语动词，而是对整个句子进行解释说明，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度；而且评注性状语不与他所评说的句子在结构上紧密结合，通常位于句首。例如：I dont think he will interview you
10、personnally(修饰性状语）Personnally,I dont think he will intrview you评注性副词通常由某些副词和副词词组表示 Honestly,I think you are mistaken Officially,he is on holiday;actually,he is in hospital有时候，评注性状语出现在句末，这时也需要用逗号隔开 the expedition was a success,scientifically(评注性状语）the expedition was a success scientfically（方式状语）有时又是位
11、于中间 she wisely didt attempt to apologise 评注性状语也可由介词词组、非限定分句、无动词分句表示，间或也可由限定分句表示 in my opinion,youd better go with us to be sure,some people may disagree even more important,he is in charge of the project,连接性状语 连 接 性 状 语 通 常 由 连 接 副词、解 说 副 词以及介词词组等表示。这种结 构 是 在 句 子 或 分 句之间起连接作用。既不同于 修 饰 性 状 语和评注性状语，也不
12、同于并列连词和从属连词。就词汇意义说，连接性状语可分为：表示列举和顺序的连接性状语：first(ly)、second(ly)、third（ly)、；one、two；for one thing for another等 they talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided to go 表示同位关系的连接性状语：namely,for example,that is,for instance 等等 表示意义增补和引申意义的连接性状：also,besides,in addition,above all 等 the house is not big en
13、ough for us,and furthermore,it is too far form town 表示结果的连接性状语：consequently,so,therefore,thus 等 表示意义等同的连接性状语：equally,in the same way 等表示推论的连接性准状语：else,therefore,then,in that case 等 do what you are told to,otherwise,you will be punished,表示换个说法的连接性状语：alternatively,rather,in other words 表示意义转折的连接性状语：in
14、stead,on the country in contrast(对比地）表示让步的连接性状语：anyhow anyway however,nevertheless(然而，不过）表示时间过渡的连接状语：meanwhile meantime in the meantime 等表示转变话题的连接性住状语：by the way incidentally 等表示概括或总结的连接性状语：then in all in conclusio n in a word 等,兼有两种形式的副词,关于 clean/cleanly 副词 clean 作“径直地，完全地”解 I clean forget about it
15、(完全忘掉）the bullet went clean through his arm(完全穿过）副词 cleanly 常作“干净利落地”讲 this knife doesnt cut clearly 关于clear/clearly 副词clear作“完全地，径直地”讲这一用法与clean相同，有时可以交替使用，clear 还能作隔开，不接触讲 stand clear of the gates(离开门）you should keep clear of that fellow(不要与那家伙来往）作其他解释时则用clearly,不用clear can you see clearly(清楚地）from here?he is clearly wrong(显然）但在下列结构中用clear或clearly 均可 the moon shone clear(ly)(明亮地）he spoke loud(ly）and clear(ly)(清晰地）,关于close/closely 副词close 作近解He lives close to the school 作其他解释时则用closelyWatch what I do closly(细心的）The prisoners were closely guarded(严密地),Thank you,丁延琪,
