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1、第一篇语言知识及应用第一节巧用上下文语境,所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空试题中，语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具备的基础知识、阅读能力、思维判断能力的综合性试题，要求考生在解答试题时，以语篇为根本，根据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择。该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。在高考完形填空试题中，语境题所占比例最大，约在50%以上。考查对具体语境的理解是近几年全国各省市高考完形填空的最大特点，充分体现了高考“突出语境、淡化语法”的改革思路和命题精神。,例1 Body language is the quiet，secret and most p
2、owerful language of all！It speaks_1_than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.In fact，nonverbal communication(非言语交际)takes up about 50%of what we really _3_And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures(文化)What is called body
3、 language is so much，a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.,一、根据上文语境考查下文语境,1A.straighter Blouder Charder Dfurther2A.sands BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages3A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean4A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult,1解析：根据上文“Body
4、language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知。答案：B2解析：根据上文“It speaks _1_than words.”及下文“In fact，nonverbal communication takes up about 50%of what we really _3_”可知。答案：D,3解析：根据上文“It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.”可知。答案：D
5、4解析：根据上文“Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知。答案：C,例2 Around twenty years ago I was living in York.Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree，I could not find satisfying work.I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，f
6、or I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面试)with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job.“Why has my life become so _？”I thought painfully.,Ahard BbusyCserious Dshort,根据上文“I could not find satisfying work.to make ends meet and living with a friend
7、of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面试)with company and.they called to say I did not get the job.”可知，生活艰难(hard)。,A,例1 I wasnt the only one“new”at the game，so I decided to _on learning the game，do my best at each practice session，and not be too hard on myself for the things
8、I didnt know“just yet”Afocus BactCrely Dtry,二、利用下文语境考查上文语境,根据下文“do my best at each practice session”可知作者下定决心学好篮球，把精力都集中在学习篮球上，故选A。focus on“把精力集中到上”；act on“按照而行动”；rely on“依赖”；try on“试穿”。四个选项中只有focus on才能和learning the game连用。,A,例2 Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！.Fo
9、r example，different societies treat the_1_between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact(接触)even with friends，certainly not with strangers.People from Latin American countries on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in conversati
10、on it may look like a Latino is _3_a Norwegian all over,the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _4_The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep backing away which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.1A.trade BdistanceCconnections Dgreetings2A.eye
11、Bverbal,Cbodily Dtelephone3A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing4A.closer BfasterCin Daway,1解析：根据下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact.touch each other quite a lot.”可知，应选distance。答案：B2解析：根据下文“People from Latin American countries on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot.
12、”可知，指身体的(bodily)接触。答案：C,3解析：根据下文“The Latino，trying to express friendship.which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.”可知。句意：因此，在谈话时，就有可能看起来好像一个Latino跟着(following)一个Norwegian在屋里团团转。答案：D4解析：根据下文“The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知，应选closer。答案：A,例1 Alfred Nobel became a milli
13、onaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药).the article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became _by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.Afamous BsickC
14、rich Dpopular,三、考查对上下文语境的综合理解,由首句“became a millionaire”和后文“give the largest part of his money”可知，此空应选C。,C,例2 The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example，people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a
15、 foreigner.In one study，shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)_Tshirt than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words.Aexpensive BplainCcheap Dstrange,根据上文“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also i
16、mportant.”及下文“than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words”可知，应选与offensive words相对的plain(素色的，无装饰的，朴素的)。,B,利用上下文语境解答下列完形填空题。(一)Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience.I tried to find a _1_ position and thought it might be restful，just kind of nice，to be_2_ around for a
17、 while.Looking around，I _3_ I would have to handle the thing myself!,即学即练,1A.flexible BsafeCstarting Dcomfortable2A.shown BpushedCdriven DGuided3A.realized Bsuggested Cagreed Dadmitted,1解析：根据上文“sitting in wheelchair”可知此处意为“我试着找一个比较舒服的姿势”。答案：D2解析：根据上文中的 wheelchair 可知选pushed，be pushed around表示“被别人推着到处
18、转转”。答案：B3解析：根据上文“restful，just kind of nice”及下文“I would have to handle the things myself！”可知作者意识到(realize)事情并不像自己想的那样。答案：A,(二)I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it.When I was 13，my parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El
19、Capitan，a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion(钟爱)ever since_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.Ive long made Yosemite my home.,As a rockclimbing guide，I knew nothing about organizing any big event.Bu
20、t in 2004，together with some climbers.Aimagining BpaintingCdescribing Dclimbing,解析：根据上文“I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it”及下文“As a rockclimbing guide”可知，从那时以来，攀岩(climbing)和爬山成了我的钟爱。答案：D,(三)Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to
21、treat others.However，some people argue that rules may be _，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right?Adisgusting BconfusingCunsafe Dunimportant,解析：根据下文“.rules change all the time，and that
22、 some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right？”可知应选confusing(令人困惑的)。答案：B,(四)But the phone didnt work，and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway，he was_1_by a wall of flames.Sibson realized he was trapped(困住)Sibsons house was three kilomete
23、rs _2_the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be_3_1A.burned BstoppedCshocked Dcovered,2A.beside BoffCacross Dalong3A.limited BfalseCfruitless Dregretful,1解析：从下文的“Sibson realized he was trapped.”可知他被火墙“拦住了”。答案：B2解析：从下文的“and was so well hidden by trees”可知Sibs
24、on的房子应该“远离”主干道。答案：B3解析：从上文的“Sibsons house was off the main road，so well hidden by trees”可知呼救是“没有结果的”。答案：C,(五)Although Id left myself plenty of time，soon it was _1_ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _2_direction.1A.strange BnecessaryCobvious Dimportant2A.same BrightCgeneral Dopposite,解析：先由“mistakenly boarded a bus”可知是坐错了车，从而走错了方向，所以第2题是opposite，选D。因为坐错车，所以很明显要迟到了，第1题应选C。答案：1.C2.D,
