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1、,THINKINGfor yourself,Warming up,1.Listen and underline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear.,Think about it!Here are some tips for students who want to increase their thinking power.,The more carefully you think about something,the less interesting it becomes.A university
2、 student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers.If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book,it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it.,The more carefully you think about something,the less interesting it becomes.(more)A universit
3、y student can learn a lot from TV programmes as well as from teachers.(other student)If you take a break when you get stuck on a difficult passage in a book,it may be more difficult to understand when you come back to it.(easier),Dont believe anything your teacher says.Be prepared to check the facts
4、.Read your lecture notes again within 24 days.Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore.If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath,get out and write them down.Otherwise you will forget them.Its important to believe in your own ideas as much as anybody elses.,Warming up,Dont believe
5、anything your teacher says.Be prepared to check the facts.(everything)Read your lecture notes again within 24 days.(hours)Otherwise they may not make sense to you anymore.If you have any good ideas while you are in the bath,get out and write them down.Otherwise you will forget them.(bed)Its importan
6、t to believe in your own ideas as much as anybody elses.(more than),Warming up,2.Work in pairs and discuss the advice.Decide which tips you agree with,and which you dont.,Shorter points on the tips:1st one:The first seems true to me.If you just look at an ant for a moment,it is of little interest,bu
7、t if you start thinking about how they live,what they do and so on,it gets fascinating,and its like that with most things.2nd one:Though perhaps there is a difference.You are more likely to learn subject knowledge from your teacher and other types of knowledge from friends who have had different exp
8、eriences of life.3rd one:There is no point in just reading and rereading.You need to go and give your mind a break,and then try again when you feel fresh.,Warming up,4th one:I think that depends on the sort of thing the teacher says.If a teacher gives you facts about the subject,they are not likely
9、to be wrong;but you can question opinions.5th one:This is very good advice.I wish I took it more often.Some of my notes are like a strange foreign language!6th one:Even better keep a notebook with you all the time.You can put it by the bath as long as you are careful not to get it wet,as well as bes
10、ide your bed.It is better than getting up and looking around for pen and paper.7th one:Maybe,but there have been plenty of wiser and cleverer people than me so probably I should listen to their opinions first.,Warming up,Watch the video and answer some questions.,1.What do you think of the teachers
11、in the movie,especially Mr.Keating,the one who teaches poetry?Do you like him?Why or why not?,2.How do you understand the saying“Believing everything in books is worse than having no books at all”?,Warming up,Look at the title of the passage and answer the questions.,1 What is“thinking for yourself”
12、?,The main meaning is not simply adopting the opinions of others,but taking the time and effort to form your own opinion,to be an independent thinker.,Warming up,2 Is it important to think for yourself?,It is of great importance to think for yourself;you couldnt just simply accept the views of other
13、s.But we should also listen to the wiser people,as they tend to advise us according to their deeper experience.,Warming up,3 How do you learn to think for yourself?,One way is,on any question,to try to think about different points of view.This means you do not just accept an idea but test it against
14、 others and only adopt it if it seems the best one to you.,Warming up,4 Is it possible to teach someone to think for themselves?,Yes,it is possible but not easy.It has to be a process.I think it comes slowly when students,with the encouragement of teachers,learn to challenge themselves in a stimulat
15、ing environment.One day they will find themselves actually thinking for themselves.If the teacher praises them for this,it will strengthen the habit.,Skimming,Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Choose the best answer to the questions on page 4.,Task,1 Why does the write
16、r believe thinking for oneself is not popular?(a)Because it takes too much time.(b)Because institutions dont like it.(c)Because it doesnt lead to progress.(d)Because only a few people are able to do it.Answer:(b),Skimming,2 How often are people interested in what other people think according to the
17、writer?(a)Always.(b)Often.(c)Hardly ever.(d)Never.Answer:(c),Skimming,3 Who first made the writer realize that thinking for oneself is important?(a)The manager of an oil company.(b)The writers parents.(c)The writers maths teacher.(d)The writers friend Sarah.Answer:(c),Skimming,4 How did the writer f
18、eel when she was asked to write“the sum of a number”?(a)Pleased,because it was an easy question to answer.(b)Bored,because she wasnt interested in maths.(c)Worried,because she was the only one who didnt know the answer.(d)Confused,because she didnt understand the question.Answer:(d),Skimming,5 What
19、did the writer do in the end?(a)She copied what someone else wrote.(b)She suddenly realized the meaning of the question.(c)She felt too frightened to write an answer.(d)She asked the teacher to explain.Answer:(a),Skimming,6 What does the writer think of the maths teacher?(a)She was the best teacher
20、she ever had.(b)She was the worst teacher she ever had.(c)She taught her an important lesson.(d)She valued the intelligence of her pupils.Answer:(c),Think for yourself 1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.,译文,Digging,MP3,2 Thinking for yourself is not a popularactivity,though it should be.
21、Every step ofreal progress in our society has come from it.But in most circles,particularly in places thatshape our lives families,schools and mostworkplaces thinking for yourself is regardedwith suspicion.Some institutions thwart it onpurpose.It can be seen as dangerous.,MP3,Digging,3 I was reminde
22、d of this sad fact at a partywhen a fellow guest asked me the subject of a book I was planning to write.I told him that it was about how people can help each other to think for themselves.“Oh dear,”he said,“I dont think much of that;I much prefer people do as theyre told.”I later found out that he i
23、s the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.,译文,MP3,Digging,4 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words“to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves”?For that matter,when was
24、the last time somebody asked you,“What do you really think,really?”and then waited for you to answer at length?,译文,MP3,Digging,5 This dearth should not surprise us.Hardly anyone has been encouraged,much less trained,to think for themselves,and their teachers and parents and bosses werent either.And
25、neither were theirs.(We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates,but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself:not unmitigated encouragement.),译文,MP3,Digging,6 Occasionally,however,we do have a teacher or mentor who truly wants us todevelop our own thinking.They g
26、ive us glimpses.When I was 13 years old,I wasput into an advanced algebra course.On thefirst day the teacher,who was maligned bystudents as a hard teacher because she triedto get them to think,stood in front of theblackboard and said,“On the paper in frontof you write the sum of a number.”,译文,MP3,Di
27、gging,7 The entire class of 35 pubescent people just stared at her.She repeated the direction,“Write the sum of a number.”,译文,MP3,Digging,译文,MP3,Digging,8 I remember my hand gathering sweat around the pencil.A few heads looked down and their pencils started up.I wondered what in the world they were
28、writing.I saw the girl across the aisle from me lean forward and peer over the shoulder of the boy in front of her who was scribbling something.Then she scratched a figure and immediately covered it with her hand.,9 The teacher paced and rubbed the chalk between her fingers.I wondered what she was a
29、bout to put on the board.I was now the only one not writing.I leaned back and over my left shoulder whispered to my friend,“What is it?”,译文,MP3,Digging,10“Seven,”she whispered back.,MP3,Digging,11 So I wrote“7”on my paper.I kept my head down,hoping I looked busy and confident.,MP3,MP3,Digging,12 Aft
30、er the agony among us had become tactile,the teacher asked us for our answers.The number 7 was prevalent.She walked slowly over to the board and wrote:“There is no such thing as the sum of a number.”,MP3,Digging,13 I knew that.14 Why didnt you write it?15 Sarah said it was 7.16 Why did you ask her?1
31、7 Because I dont know.18 Thats right.From now on,think for yourself.,Digging,19 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence.But I took the message with me and gradually examined and valued it.,MP3,Digging,I dont recommend humiliating people i
32、nto thinking for themselves as she had.She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us.Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves,had she not fanned our fear of her,we would all have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our think
33、ing.And we might have been able to think well around her too.,MP3,Digging,Main idea of the text,20 But at least she introduced the concept into my academic life.,MP3,1 Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.(Para 1),The word“still”shows the writers impatience after all this time we are still t
34、hinking like sheep(盲目从众、没有主见的人)and following what everyone else does or thinks.,Difficult sentences,Difficult sentences,2 particularly in places that shape our lives families,schools and most workplaces thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion.(Line 4,Para 2),The idea behind this sentence is
35、 that our lives are significantly influenced by places or social institutions like the family,school or workplace.For example,parents tend to make life choices for their children,schools make students wear uniform and obey the teacher,and most companies want their workers to follow regular procedure
36、s and not to express their opinions.,The writer was shocked that a person in such a senior position should have such an opinion and prefer obedient employees to thoughtful ones.,Difficult sentences,3 I later found out that he is the fourth-generation president of one of the largest oil companies.(Li
37、ne 7,Para 3),The answer expected is that it is very rare for vision statements to say such things,even though the writer thinks it is what every organization should be aiming at.,Difficult sentences,When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words?(Line 1,Para 4),Thi
38、s is an example of irony:The expression is far too mild;clearly killing someone,ie Socrates,is very powerful discouragement to others who intend to follow him.not unmitigated encouragement:not a completely good encouragement,Difficult sentences,5(We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates,
39、but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself:not unmitigated encouragement.)(Line 5,Para 5),The rather strange alliterative(头韵的)expression“pubescent people”instead of the more normal“teenagers”adds a touch of humour.,Difficult sentences,6 The entire class of 35 pubescent
40、people just stared at her.(Line 1,Para 7),The teacher drew out the event,creating suspense,and at that moment the tension in the classroom could even be touched.This is an exaggeration as agony cannot actually be touched,though sometimes physical symptoms are visible,eg sweating when strained.,Diffi
41、cult sentences,7 After the agony among us had become tactile,(Line 1,Para 12),Note the absence of quotation marks.This dialogue is not between the child and teacher but in the childs head.,Difficult sentences,8 I knew that.(Para 13),Unfortunately,the teachers lesson did not really work at the time b
42、ecause her approach made the students so afraid of her that their brains would not work properly in her presence.for the rest of my young life:It refers to the time the writer spent at that school.,Difficult sentences,9 I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very
43、 well in her presence.(Line 1,Para 19),a Thinking Environment:It is an important concept in Nancy Klines book;it refers to an organizational atmosphere which makes people feel comfortable about thinking about their work and goals.,Difficult sentences,She certainly did not create a Thinking Environme
44、nt for us.(Line 6,Para 19),It is a metaphor derived from fanning a fire/flame.The teacher did give them a valuable lesson but its impact was lessened by her also increasing students fear of her.,Difficult sentences,11 had she not fanned our fear of her(Line 9,Para 19),radical,释义,a.radical opinions o
45、r acts are based on the belief that important political or social changes are necessary 激进的；极端的,例句,His radical ideas are likely to produce fireworks at the meeting.,他的激进思想很可能在会上引起激烈的争论。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,I never dared be radical when young for fear it would make me conservative when old.,我年轻时从来不敢激进，因为害
46、怕年老时那会使我保守。,particularly,释义,ad.used for emphasizing that something refers especially to one specific person,thing,or situation 尤其,例句,The environment has become a major political issue,particularly in the past decade.,环境保护已成为了一个主要的政治问题，尤其是在过去10年里。,翻译,Words,真题,The automobile is losing its emotional ap
47、peal,particularly among the young,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices.(Jun.2009,CET-4,Vocabulary and structure),suspicion,释义,n.U a feeling that you do not trust someone or something 不信任；猜疑,例句,Refugees tend to be treated with suspicion.,难民常会遭人猜疑。,翻译,Words,例句,New people in
48、 our town were regarded with suspicion.,我们镇上的人对新来的人存有戒备心。,翻译,suspicion,释义,n.C a feeling that someone has done something wrong（对某人做错事的）怀疑，猜疑，疑心,例句,She had a suspicion that Mr Engel was not being completely honest.,她怀疑恩格尔先生没有完全说实话。,翻译,Words,真题,Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law,an
49、d the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion.(Dec.2010,CET-4,Listening Comprehension),例句,Her suspicions were aroused by the smell of perfume on his clothes.,他衣服上的香水味引起了她的怀疑。,翻译,释义,例句,They argue for the reform of existing political institutions.,他们认为要改革现有的政治机构。,翻译,Words,institution,And in t
50、he United States,institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers.(Dec.2007,CET-4,Skimming and Scanning),真题,例句,That is a charitable institution for the education of young children.,那是个从事儿童教育的慈善团体。,翻译,subject,释义,n.C an idea,problem,situation e
