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1、卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,The Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology,Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu,Scientific Methodology&Scientific Paper Writing科学研究方法与论文写作,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,四、研究材料与方法的 选用和表述 How to write Materials&Methods,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,How to write Materials&Methods,The greatest invention of the 19
2、th century was the invention of the method of invention-A.N.Whitehead,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,An roadmap of“Introduction”,Problems,Result,Review,Method,Conclusion,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Structure of a paper,Title&,Introduction,Materials&methods,Results,Discussion,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Materials&Methods,In Introduc
3、tion you stated the methodology employed in the study and the reasonIt is now the time to describe in full details of the M&MMost of this section should be written in past tense,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Purpose of the M&M,The main purpose is to:Describe the experimental design including M&MProvide enough d
4、etails so that the competent readers can follow the experimentProvide a basis for repetition of the experiment by others to test the validity of the results,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,If there is serious doubt that your experiment could not be repeatedThe reviewer will recommend rejection of your MSNo matter
5、 how wonderful your findings are,A good reviewer will read the M&M carefully,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Materials,Field materialsExperimental(Lab)materialsChemicalsMechanic parts,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Materials,Field materials:Name of organisms(plants,animalsµbes)Describe:Sites,habitats,geographical informa
6、tion of collections,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Materials,Experimental materials:ChemicalsDescribe exact technical specification,quantity and source of preparationAvoid the use of trade names,try to use generic or chemical namesMechanic partsOnly the important ones,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Describe M in great care,E
7、xperimental animals,plants,µ-organisms should be identified accurately,by genus,species,and strains Sources should be listedSpecial characteristics(age,sex,genetic status)should be describedThe criteria for selection should be described,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Methods,The objective
8、of Methods is to describe what you did in the design of your experimentThe usual order of presentation of Methods is chronologicalSometimes the chronological order cannot be followed Related method should be described together,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Measurements&procedures:describe HOW?HOW MUCH?New metho
9、d:all the detailsPublished method:minimum description,referenceConsider WHERE was it published,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Headings in M&M,Usually the M&M section has subheadings When possible,construct subheadings that“match”those to be used in ResultsThe internal consistency makes the two section easier to
10、writeReaders will be able to grasp the relationship of a particular method to the related results,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,More to be noted,Measurements and analysis(e.g.statistical)Need for referencesHow to write numbersCorrect order of words:e.g.Having completed the study,the weeds are of no further inte
11、rest,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,More about tense,Introduction M&M Results Discussion,卢宝荣 2006-7（山东大学版）,Materials and methods,II.DNA extraction DNA from,III.PCR and electrophoresis The extracted DNA samples,IV.Data analysis All the collected data were analyzed using,I.Plant Materials Twenty-two accessions of,
