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1、GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Chapter 2,VIDEO CASESCase 1:How FedEx Works:Enterprise SystemsCase 2:Oracles Austin Data Center Instructional Video 1:FedEx Improves Customer Experience with Integrated Mapping and Location Data,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Define and describe bus
2、iness processes and their relationship to information systems.Evaluate the role played by systems serving the various levels of management in a business and their relationship to each other.Explain how enterprise applications improve organizational performance.,Learning Objectives,Pearson Education
3、2012,2,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Explain the importance of collaboration and teamwork in business and how they are supported by technology.Assess the role of the information systems function in a business.,Learning Objectives(cont.),Pearson Education 2012,3,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUS
4、INESS AND COLLABORATION,Problem:Using IT to win the Americas Cup raceSolutions:New technology for physical engineering of boat;sensor network to monitor conditions and data analysis to improve the performance of sails and more.IBM Oracle Database 11g data management software provided real time analy
5、sis of boats sensor data.Demonstrates ITs role in fostering innovation and improving performance.Illustrates the benefits of using data analysis and IT to improve products,Americas Cup 2010:USA Wins with Information Technology,Pearson Education 2012,4,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Bu
6、siness processes:Workflows of material,information,knowledgeSets of activities,stepsMay be tied to functional area or be cross-functionalBusinesses:Can be seen as collection of business processesBusiness processes may be assets or liabilities,Business Processes and Information Systems,Pearson Educat
7、ion 2012,5,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Examples of functional business processesManufacturing and productionAssembling the productSales and marketingIdentifying customersFinance and accountingCreating financial statementsHuman resourcesHiring employees,Business Processes and Inform
8、ation Systems,Pearson Education 2012,6,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Business Processes and Information Systems,The Order Fulfillment Process,Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that requires the close coordination of the sales,accounting,and manufacturing fun
9、ctions.,FIGURE 2-1,Pearson Education 2012,7,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Information technology enhances business processes in two main ways:Increasing efficiency of existing processesAutomating steps that were manualEnabling entirely new processes that are capable of transforming t
10、he businessesChange flow of informationReplace sequential steps with parallel stepsEliminate delays in decision making,Business Processes and Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,8,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Transaction processing systemsPerform and record daily routine tran
11、sactions necessary to conduct businessExamples:sales order entry,payroll,shippingAllow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environmentServe operational levelsServe predefined,structured goals and decision making,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,9,C
12、HAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Types of Information Systems,A Payroll TPS,A TPS for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data(such as a time card).System outputs include online and hard-copy reports for management and employee paychecks.,FIGURE 2-2,Pearson Education
13、 2012,10,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Management information systemsServe middle managementProvide reports on firms current performance,based on data from TPSProvide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for answering themTypically have little analytic capability,Ty
14、pes of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,11,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Types of Information Systems,How Management Information Systems Obtain Their Data from the Organizations TPS,In the system illustrated by this diagram,three TPS supply summarized transaction data to th
15、e MIS reporting system at the end of the time period.Managers gain access to the organizational data through the MIS,which provides them with the appropriate reports.,FIGURE 2-3,Pearson Education 2012,12,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Types of Information Systems,Sample MIS Report,Thi
16、s report,showing summarized annual sales data,was produced by the MIS in Figure 2-3.,FIGURE 2-4,Pearson Education 2012,13,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Decision support systemsServe middle managementSupport non-routine decision makingExample:What is impact on production schedule if D
17、ecember sales doubled?Often use external information as well from TPS and MISModel driven DSSVoyage-estimating systemsData driven DSSIntrawests marketing analysis systems,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,14,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Types of Information Systems
18、,Voyage-Estimating Decision Support System,This DSS operates on a powerful PC.It is used daily by managers who must develop bids on shipping contracts.,FIGURE 2-5,Pearson Education 2012,15,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Business intelligenceClass of software applicationsAnalyze curren
19、t and historical data to find patterns and trends and aid decision-makingUsed in systems that support middle and senior managementData-driven DSS Executive support systems(ESS),Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,16,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Executive support syst
20、emsSupport senior managementAddress non-routine decisionsRequiring judgment,evaluation,and insightIncorporate data about external events(e.g.new tax laws or competitors)as well as summarized information from internal MIS and DSSExample:Digital dashboard with real-time view of firms financial perform
21、ance:working capital,accounts receivable,accounts payable,cash flow,and inventory,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,17,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Systems from a constituency perspectiveTransaction processing systems:supporting operational level employeesManagemen
22、t information systems and decision-support systems:supporting managersExecutive support systems:supporting executives,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,18,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Relationship of systems to one anotherTPS:Major source of data for other systemsE
23、SS:Recipient of data from lower-level systemsData may be exchanged between systemsIn reality,most businesses systems are only loosely integrated(but they are getting better!),Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,19,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Describe RocketThemes bu
24、siness model and business strategy.What challenges is it facing?What systems have the company used or planned to use to overcome these challenge?What types of systems are they?What role will each play in helping RocketTheme overcome these challenges?What other types of system could help RocketTheme
25、overcome its challenges?,Types of Information Systems,ROCKETTHEME:THRIVING ON THE WEB,Pearson Education 2012,20,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Enterprise applicationsSystems for linking the enterpriseSpan functional areasExecute business processes across firmInclude all levels of mana
26、gementFour major applications:Enterprise systemsSupply chain management systemsCustomer relationship management systemsKnowledge management systems,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,21,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Types of Information Systems,Enterprise Application
27、 Architecture,Enterprise applications automate processes that span multiple business functions and organizational levels and may extend outside the organization.,FIGURE 2-6,Pearson Education 2012,22,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Enterprise systemsCollects data from different firm fun
28、ctions and stores data in single central data repositoryResolves problem of fragmented,redundant data sets and systemsEnable:Coordination of daily activitiesEfficient response to customer orders(production,inventory)Provide valuable information for improving management decision making,Types of Infor
29、mation Systems,Pearson Education 2012,23,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Supply chain management(SCM)systems Manage firms relationships with suppliersShare information aboutOrders,production,inventory levels,delivery of products and servicesGoal:Right amount of products to destination
30、with least amount of time and lowest cost,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,24,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Customer relationship management systems:Provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales,marketing,and serv
31、ice to optimize revenue,customer satisfaction,and customer retentionIntegrate firms customer-related processes and consolidate customer information from multiple communication channels,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,25,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Knowledge mana
32、gement systems(KMS)Support processes for acquiring,creating,storing,distributing,applying,integrating knowledgeHow to create,produce,distribute products and servicesCollect internal knowledge and experience within firm and make it available to employeesLink to external sources of knowledge,Types of
33、Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,26,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Alternative tools that increase integration and expedite the flow of informationIntranets:Internal company Web sites accessible only by employeesExtranets:Company Web sites accessible externally only to vendo
34、rs and suppliersOften used to coordinate supply chain,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,27,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,E-businessUse of digital technology and Internet to drive major business processesE-commerceSubset of e-businessBuying and selling goods and serv
35、ices through InternetE-government:Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens,employees,and businesses,Types of Information Systems,Pearson Education 2012,28,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Collaboration:Short-lived or long-termInformal or formal(teams)Gro
36、wing importance of collaboration:Changing nature of workGrowth of professional work“interaction jobs”Changing organization of the firmChanging scope of the firmEmphasis on innovationChanging culture of work,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,Pearson Education 2012,29,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS
37、AND COLLABORATION,Business benefits of collaboration and teamworkInvestments in collaboration technology can produce organizational improvements returning high ROIBenefits:ProductivityQualityInnovationCustomer serviceFinancial performanceProfitability,sales,sales growth,Systems for Collaboration and
38、 Teamwork,Pearson Education 2012,30,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,Requirements for Collaboration,Successful collaboration requires an appropriate organizational structure and culture,along with appropriate collaboration technology.,FIGURE 2-7,Pe
39、arson Education 2012,31,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Building a collaborative culture and business processes“Command and control”organizations No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in decisionsCollaborative business cultureSenior managers rely on teams of employee
40、sPolicies,products,designs,processes,systems rely on teamsManagers purpose is to build teams,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,Pearson Education 2012,32,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Technology for collaboration and teamwork15 categories of collaborative software toolsEmail and
41、instant messagingWhite boardingCollaborative writingWeb presentingCollaborative reviewingWork schedulingEvent schedulingDocument sharing/wikisFile sharingMind mappingScreen sharingLarge audience WebinarsAudio conferencingCo-browsingVideo conferencing,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,Pearson Ed
42、ucation 2012,33,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Technology for collaboration and teamwork(cont.)Social NetworkingWikisVirtual WorldsInternet-Based Collaboration EnvironmentsVirtual meeting systems(telepresence)Google Apps/Google sitesMicrosoft SharePointLotus Notes,Systems for Collabor
43、ation and Teamwork,Pearson Education 2012,34,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,What are the advantages of using videoconferencing technologies?What are the disadvantages?What is telepresence and what sorts of companies are best suited to use it as a communications tool?What kinds of comp
44、anies could benefit from using videoconferencing?Are there any companies that might not derive any benefits from this technology?,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,VIRTUAL MEETINGS:SMART MANAGEMENT,Pearson Education 2012,35,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Two dimensions of collabo
45、ration technologiesSpace(or location)remote or colocatedTime synchronous or asynchronousSix steps in evaluating software toolsWhat are your firms collaboration challenges?What kinds of solutions are available?Analyze available products cost and benefitsEvaluate security risksConsult users for implem
46、entation and training issuesEvaluate product vendors,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,Pearson Education 2012,36,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork,The Time/Space Collaboration Tool Matrix,Collaboration technologies can be classified in terms of
47、 whether they support interactions at the same or different time or place whether these interactions are remote or co-located.,FIGURE 2-8,Pearson Education 2012,37,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,Information systems department:Formal organizational unit responsible for information tech
48、nology servicesOften headed by chief information officer(CIO)Other senior positions include chief security officer(CSO),chief knowledge officer(CKO),chief privacy officer(CPO)ProgrammersSystems analystsInformation systems managers,The Information Systems Function in Business,Pearson Education 2012,3
49、8,CHAPTER 2:GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,End usersRepresentatives of other departments for whom applications are developedIncreasing role in system design,developmentIT Governance:Strategies and policies for using IT in the organizationDecision rightsAccountabilityOrganization of information systems function Centralized,decentralized,etc.,The Information Systems Function in Business,Pearson Education 2012,39,Pearson Education 2012,40,
