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1、,脑干、小脑、间脑,脑 干brain stem延髓medulla oblongata脑桥pons中脑midbrain 一、外形,二、内部结构(一)灰质:神经核:1.脑神经核 2.非脑神经核 3.网状核、中缝核(二)白质:上、下行纤维束(三)分部:被盖部、基底部,中 脑 横 断 面 顶盖大脑脚(大脑脚底、黑质、被盖),脑神经核名称、性质、位置,脑干灰质 1、脑神经核 延髓:舌下神经核 nucleus of hypoglossal nerve 副神经核 nucleus of accessory nerve 疑核 nucleus ambiguus 迷走神经背核 dorsal nucleus of v
2、agus nerve 下泌涎核 inferior salivatory nucleus 孤束核 nucleus of solitary tract 三叉神经脊束核 spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve,脑桥:展神经核 nucleus of abducent nerve面神经核 nucleus of facial nerve三叉神经运动核 motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve上泌涎核 superior salivatory nucleus三叉神经脑桥核 pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve前庭神经核
3、vestibular nuclei蜗神经核 cochlear nuclei中脑:滑车神经核 nucleus of trochlear nerve动眼神经核 nucleus of oculomotor nerve动眼神经副核 accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve三叉神经中脑核 mesencephalic nucleusoftrigeminal nerve,2、非脑神经核延髓;薄束核 gracilis nucleus、楔束核 cuneate nucleus下橄榄核 inferior olivary脑桥:脑桥核 pontine nucleus蓝斑核 locus
4、ceruleus中脑:红核 red nucleus黑质 sustantia nigra中脑顶盖tectum midbrain(上丘、下丘、顶盖前区),脑干白质下行传导束:1、锥体束 pyramidal tract2、皮质脑桥束 corticopontine tract上行传导束:1、内侧丘系 medial lemniscus2、外侧丘系 lateral lemniscus3、三叉丘系(丘脑束)trigeminothalamic tract4、脊髓丘系(丘脑束)spinothalamic tract,小 脑 cerebellum一、分叶1绒球小结叶:前庭小脑2前叶:蚓垂 蚓锥体 脊髓小脑3后叶:大脑小脑,二、小脑核齿状核、顶核、栓状核、球状核三、功能1、平衡2、调节肌张力3、协调肌肉运动,三、间 脑 diencephalon 背侧丘脑、上丘脑、下丘脑 底丘脑、后丘脑,