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1、Grammar,Noun Clauses,How should we use modern technology?The problem is,The problem is how we should use modern technology.,When will man be able to live on Mars?.is unknown to us all.,When man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.,Where will all these advanced technology lead us?I cant
2、 imagine.,I cant imagine where all these advanced technology will lead us.,1.连接词有：that whether 和 lf2.连接代词有：who whom whose which what等 3.连接副词有：when where why how 等 另外 whatever whoever whichever等也可 以引导主语和宾语两种从句。,名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。,名词性从句中的that没有词义，也不作任何成分。除引导宾从外，主从和表从中不省,宾语从句Object Clause
3、,表语从句Predicative,主语从句Subject Clasuse,同位语从句Appositive Clause,名词性从句Noun Clause,从句一律保持陈述语序,主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the f
4、act that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever
5、,whose,which,whichever 连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1)That the earth is round is true.2)Whether he w
6、ill come is doubtful.3)What he said surprised me most.4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.,7)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,It 的用法：（形式主语）It pos
7、sible/important/necessary/clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It said/reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）,What you left are only several old books.What yo
8、u said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and does dont agree.,“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导,主语从句的“that”一般不能省。,“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后作表语的名词一致 2）根据句子的语境而定,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._well go camping tomorr
9、ow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A.Which;belong to B.As,belonged to C.What;belonging to D.It;belonging to,4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water t
10、o 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.That C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That they will come _certain.,2.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,What he wants _these books.What he w
11、ants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）that,whether，if（that 常可省略）连词：who,what,which,whoever,whatever when,where,why,how1).Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring.2).It all depends on whether they will support us.3).She will give whoever needs help a warm
12、 support.4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。The teacher told his class that light _ faster th
13、an sound.,travels,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ _ well.(go)Tom says that they _ _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear they _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party sinc
14、e 1948.(be),宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：,He told me that he _ his job.(已经完成了工作),时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.(),had finished,注意,wrote,has taken,had
15、 been,6.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)7.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)8.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be),宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.,I
16、find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.it B.that C.these D.them 2.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.Awhile B.that C
17、if Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引 导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever 连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,China is no longer what she used to be.Thats because
18、we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch with him.,how Henry solved the proble
19、m.,as if it is going to rain.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”一般情况下，“that”不能省 It is/was because.It is/was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/why,that.,1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.b
20、ecause B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when,4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；rumour；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that/whether引导或连接副词when/where/why/how,The idea
21、that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.,3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,I have no idea,when he will get married.,how they can get the tr
22、easure.,where the concert will be held.,who is fit for the work.,why it happened.,which pen is mine.,what we should do next.,whom they are talking about.,whether itll rain tomorrow.,that our football team won the game.,We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.We expressed the hope t
23、hat they had expressed,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1.同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语2.同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关 系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对 名词进行修饰，加以限定3.同位语从句that 不能省 定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省,The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.,1)What is the idea?,The id
24、ea is that computers will recognize human voices.,2)What surprises many people?,i)The idea surprises many people.,ii)That computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.,2.The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.,1)What is the possibilit
25、y?,The possibility is that the majorityof the labor force will work at home.,2)What is often discussed?,i)The possibility is often discussed.,ii)That the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.,3.Well discuss the problem that the majority of the students are often late for
26、school.,1)What is the problem?,The problem is that the majority of thestudents are often late for school.,2)What will we discuss?,Well discuss the problem.,Well discuss that the majority of thestudents are often late for school.,that 与whether/if 的选择：,(1)_ knowledge comes from practice is known to al
27、l.WhatB.WhereC.If D.That(2)It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)I doubt _ he will come soon.(4)I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5)Do you doubt _ he will come soon?,D,C,whether/if,that,that,表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用_,归纳,whether/if,that,w
28、hat&whatever who&whoever which&whichever,引导名词性从句的区别,1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2._we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,Whoever,whatev
29、er,Who,what,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3._ he won the race was _ we expected.,that:,what:,_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,that，what引导名词性从句的区别,B,A,B,4._has helped to save the drowning gi
30、rl is worth praising.A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A that B how C where D what,D,A,6._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There,that B.It,that C.There,whether D.It,wh
31、ich,A,7.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D where 8.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited,A,A,9._ fashion diff
32、ers from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A What B That C This D Which 10.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.A what B which C when D that 11.We made the suggestion that he _ his
33、 work.A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever13.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.why B.what C.who D.that 14.The poor young man is ready to accept _
34、 help he can get.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever,15.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.A.and he B.was that he C which he D that he 16.man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.A.Which B.How C.What D.That 17.It is generally consi
35、dered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,1.Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A.where she had put B.where had she put C.where she has put D.where has she put,2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up.A.is B.is because C.is that D.
36、is what,3._ breaks the law should be punished.A.Whoever B.No matter who C.anyone.D.who,4.That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.A.why B.reason why C.how D.what5.Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.A.what;however B.that;whatever C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever6.The w
37、orkers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.A.whether B.how C.where D.which,7.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether,8.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.
38、where C.what D.how,9.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that,10.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.A.which B.whether C.how D.why,11.It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 12._ sho
39、uld be sent to work there?A.Who do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that should C.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should,13.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.A.which B.when C.that D.how 14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone
40、present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.A.which B.what C.when D.that,16.She received the message _ he would come by plane.A.that B.which C.what D.when17.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that18.Our city has chang
41、ed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A.what it used to be B.that it used to be C.which it used to be D.what was it,19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever20.The true value of life is not in
42、 _,but_.A.how you get;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get;what you give D.what do you get;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It,1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.w
43、hich B.thatC.whatever D.all what2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.AnyoneB.Anyone whoC.Those whoD.Those,B,C,C,Exercises,.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,He suggested that a meeting(should)be
44、 held immediately.It was suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.His suggestion was that a meeting(should)be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting(should)be held immediately.,表示建议,请求,命令,要求,坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.,归纳,2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇,不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有 1)It
45、is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that 2)It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc,)that,e.g.It is strange that she(should)think so.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：1.如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。2.定语
46、从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),拓展,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;becaus
47、e,C,C,D,Consolidation:,4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.w
48、hat D.that,D,A,B,7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break,B,A,9.It remains a question
49、_ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes,A,D,11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.
50、that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what,A,D,13.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.it B.That C.these D.them 14.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 15.I
