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1、比较结构的理解与翻译,英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较级结构的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am taller than he.（我比他高）。这里主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。,英语中常见的比较结构主要包括比较级，递增或递减式比较，强化式比较，否定式比较，选择式比较等。,一、比较级,比较级包括超越、相等和差逊三种情况。1）超越。表示超越的比较结构主要有：better th
2、an（胜过，优于），more than+从句（多余，超过），“than+关系代词”的从句（再不过），superior to（占优势，比胜一筹）。,例如：Doing is better than saying.百说不如一做She has talked more than what is necessary.她说了一些多余的话He is superior to his elder brother.他比他哥哥强,He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest.,他是个再诚实不过的学者了。,相等,表示相等的比较结构主要有：as as（
3、如一样），as well as（既又，和一样），the same as（像一样），such/soas（像一样），no sooner than（一就），no more than（就像，不优于），no less than（就像，不次于），否定代词+more than/else than/other than)（只不过而已）。,(1)as as.如一样,As busy as a bee.(忙得不可开交),(2)as well as 既 又，和一样,Pompey,as well as Caesar,was a great man.(像恺撒一样，庞培也是一位伟人。),(3)the same as.像一样
4、(4)such/soas.像一样,The same as the past.(一如从前。)Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history.(像荷马那样的诗人，不仅要精通文学，还要精通历史。),(5)no sooner than.一就（几乎同时，夸张用法）,No sooner said than done.(说到做到。),(6)No more than.就像一样都不，不优于,Youre no more capable of speaking French than I am.
5、（你我都不会说日语。）,(7)No less than.就像，不次于。(8)否定代词+more than(else than,other than)。than是介词，只不过而已。,Technology is no less important than market.(技术和市场同样重要。)This is no other than myself.（这人就是我。）,一、asas句型,（一）asas句型asas句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“和.一样”。,你来译：她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。,She is as much interested in music
6、as ever.,二）not as(or so)as句型,跟asas句型相反的结构 not as(or so)as表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻译为“不如”。,1.My uncle is not as(or so)tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。2.People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了,（三）not so much as句型,not so much as这个结构表示的基本意义和not as(or so)as一样，但是通常翻译为“与其说不如说”。,He was not so
7、much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。（可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”）The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。,（四）not so much as句型,n
8、ot so much as这个结构相当于“not even”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不，甚至没有”。请注意与not so much as这个结构的区别。,He didnt so much as ask me to set down.他甚至没有请我坐下。He cannot so much as spell a word.他甚至连一个词也不会写。He hadnt so much as his fare home.他甚至连回家的路费都没有了。,二、比较级+than to do句型由比较级与than to do sth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。You ought to know b
9、etter than to go swimming on such a cold day.你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。,三、morethan句型,（一）more A than B句型more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，
10、不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其实说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。,He is more good than bad.与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。He is less good than bad.与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。He is more a writer than a teacher.与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。He is less clever than diligent.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。,（二）more than句型,在英语中，如果more than句型后面所跟的词性不
11、相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。,1more than后面接数词，表示“多于，.以上”的意思。,I have known him for more than twenty years.我已经认识她二十多年了。I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里还有十多美元。,2more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是”的意思。,He is more than a father to her.他待她胜过父亲。He more than smiled,but laughed.他不只是微笑，而是放声大笑。,3more than后面接
12、形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。,She was more than kind to us.他对我们非常友好。He was more than upset by the accident.这个意外事故让他非常心烦。,4more than can则表示“难以，完全不能”的意思。,That is more than I can understand.那件事情，我实在是不明白。The cold was more than the children could bear.寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。,（三）no more than句型,no more than句型在意义上与not any
13、 more than.一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“和.一样不，不正如，既不也不，和两者都不”。跟no more than句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no lessthan，可以翻译为“既是，也是，两者都是”。,His grammar is no better than mine.他的语法同我的一样不好。He is no more a writer than a painter.他既不是画家也不是作家。He is no less a writer than a painter.他既是画家也是作家。I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.我不
14、是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。,一、as as句型,（一）as as句型,她和以前一样对音乐感兴趣。最近，我国的经济发展和以前一样稳定,She is as much interested in music as ever.The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.,（二）not as(or so)as句型,我叔叔不如你父亲高。人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。,My uncle is not as(or so)tall as your father.People are not so honest
15、 as they once were.,（三）not so much as句型 通常翻译为“与其说不如说”,1.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。（可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”）2.海洋与其说是把世界分割开来，还不如说是把世界连接在一起。3.拙劣的写作，与其说是语法上的错误，还不如说是由于文体上的弱点。,1.He was not so much angry as disappointed.2.The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.3.Bad writing is caused
16、not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.,（四）not so much as句型 not so much as这个结构相当于“not even”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不，甚至没 有”。请注意与not so much as这个结构的区别。,他甚至没有请我坐下。他甚至连一个词也不会写。他甚至连一个词也不会写。,He didnt so much as ask me to set down.He cannot so much as spell a word.He hadnt so much as his fare home.
17、,二、比较级+than to do句型 通常翻译为“不至于做某事”,你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。我不至于傻到会把我们的计划告诉他。我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。,You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.,三、morethan句型（一）more A than B
18、 句型 more A than B 通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译 为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”.请注意这两个结构中“与其实说”与“不如说”的对象，即A 与B 两者的在翻译中的位置。,与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。与其说他是老师，不如说他是作家。与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。,He is more good than bad.He is less good than bad.He is more a writer than a teacher.He is less cle
19、ver than diligent.,（二）more than句型 1more than 后面接数词，表示“多于，.以上”的意思。,I have known him for more than twenty years.我已经认识她二十多年了。I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里还有十多美元。,2more than 后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是”的意思。,他待她胜过父亲。他不只是微笑，而是放声大笑。,He is more than a father to her.He more than smiled,but laughed.,3mo
20、re than 后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。,他对我们非常友好。这个意外事故让他非常心烦。,She was more than kind to us.He was more than upset by the accident.,4more than can则表示“难以，完全不能”的意思。那件事情，我实在是不明白。寒冷是孩子们所不能忍受的。,That is more than I can understand.The cold was more than the children could bear.,（三）no more than句型no more than句型在
21、意义上与not any more than.一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“和.一样不，不正如，既不也不，和两者都不”。跟 no more than句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no lessthan，可以翻译为“既是，也 是，两者都是”。,他的语法同我的一样不好。他既不是画家也不是作家。他既是画家也是作家。我不是诗人，正如他不是学者一样。,His grammar is no better than mine.He is no more a writer than a painter.He is no less a writer than a painter.I am no more
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