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1、WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW,(SOCIAL SCIENCES)KNTAYYA MARIAPPANSCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES,UMSPOSTGRADUATE METHODOLOGY COURSECENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDIESSEMESTER 1/2011 28 SEPTEMBER 2011,LITERATURE REVIEW,A GENERAL GUIDEMAIN SOURCEHART,C.(1998),DOING A LITERATURE REVIEW:RELEASING THE SOCIAL SCIENCE RE
2、SEARCH IMAGINATION,STRUCTURES OF THESIS/DESERTATION,INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH TOPICOBJECTIVES/RESEARCH QUESTIONSLITERATURE REVIEWMETHODOLOGYRESULTS,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHAT IT IS?,MORE THAN THE SEARCH FOR INFORMATION,AND GOES BEYOND BEING DESCRIPTIVEAN EXAMINATION OF RESEARCH THAT HAS BEEN CONDUCTED IN
3、 A PARTICULAR FIELD OF STUDYEVALUATING AND SYNTHESISING AVAILABLE INFORMATION RELATED TO YOUR STUDYALL WORKS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW MUST BE READ,EVALUATED AND ANALYSED,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHY?,TO INCREASE YOUR KNOWLWDGE OF THE SUBJECT AREAHELP REFINE,REFOCUS OR CHANGE THE TOPICTO DEMOSTARTE YOUR SCHOL
4、ARLY ABILITY:ABILITY TO IDENTIFY RELEVENT INFORMATIONABILITY TO OUTLINE THE EXISTING THEORY/KNOWLEDGE,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHY?,TO IDENTIFY INFORMATION AND IDEAS THAT RELAVENT TO YOUR RESEARCHTO IDENTIFY METHODS THAT COULD BE RELEVENT TO YOUR RESEARCHGIVE A THEORETICAL BASE FOR RESEARCH AND HELP YOU DE
5、TERMINE THE NATURE OF YOUR RESEARCH,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHY?,ILLUSTRATE HOW THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN STUDIED PREVIOUSLYGIVE READER/EXAMINERS AN OVERVIEW OF SOURCES YOU HAVE EXPLORETO DEMOSTRATE HOW YOUR RESEARCH FITS INTO THE LARGER FIELD OF STUDYAVOID DUPLICATION/AVOIDING FROM MAKING THE SAME MISTAKES AS
6、 OTHERS,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHY?,TO PROVIDE INTELECTUALL CONTEXT FOR YOUR WORKPOSITIONING YOUR WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVIOUS RESEARCHCREATING RESEARCH SPACE FOR YOUR WORK/TO IDENTIFY GAPS IN THE LITERATURE,LITERATURE REVIEW:WHY?,TO CARRY ON FROM WHERE OTHERS HAVE ALREADY REACHED/BUILD ON THE PLATFOR
7、M OF EXISTING KNOWLWDGE AND IDEASTO PROVIDE RATIONALE/JUSTIFICATION FOR YOUR STUDYIDENTIFY KEY CONTACT/TO IDENTIFY OTHER PEOPLE WORKING IN THE SAME FIELDS/NETWORKING AMONG RESEARCHERS,QUESTIONS LIT.REVIEW CAN ANSWER,WHAT YOU NEED TO DO?,READING BROADLY ON THE TOPICREFINING TOPIC AND ESTABLLISH PERSP
8、ECTIVEIDENTIFY YOUR RESEARCH QUESTIONIDENTIFY EXTENT AND QUALITY OF WORK ALREADY CARRIED OUT IN THE SUBJECT AREA,WHAT YOU NEED TO DO?,DESCRIBE,SUMMARISE,EVALUATE AND CLARIFY THESE LITERATURE READ AND CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE INFORMATION THAT YOUR LOCATEPLAN,ORGANISE AND WRITE CRITICALLY ABOUT THE LIT
9、ERATUTE FILE AND STORE YOUR READINGS AND NOTES ADDING AND REWRITE LITERATURE REVIEW,STRUCTURING LITERATURE REVIEW,IT IS A SYSTEMATIC WRITE-UP LITERATURE REVIEW HAS A LOGICAL AND COHERENT STRUCTURETHIS STRUCTURE MUST BE CLEARLY APPARENT TO THE READER,WAYS OF STRUCTURING LIT.REVIEW,CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
10、 The discussion of the research/articles is ordered according to an historical or developmental context.THE CLASSIC STUDIES ORGANISATIONA discussion or outline of the major writings regarded as significant in your area of study.(Remember that in nearly all research there are benchmark studies or art
11、icles that should be acknowledged).,WAYS OF STRUCTURING LIT.REVIEW,TOPICAL OR THEMATIC ORGANISATIONThe research is divided into sections representing the categories or conceptual subjects or your topic.The discussion is organised into these categories or subjects.INVERTED PYRAMID ORGANISATIONThe lit
12、erature review begins with a discussion of the related literature from a broad perspective.It then deals with more and more specific or localized studies which focus increasingly on the specific question at hand.,DISCUSSING&EVALUATING LIT.REVIEW,CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE LITERATUREITS NOT JUST LIST WHA
13、T YOU HAVE LOCATEDMUST LINK THE LITERATURE TO YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION,DISCUSSING&EVALUATING LIT.REVIEW,SHOW HOW IT SUPPORTS OR EXTENTDS THE TOPIC OR EXISTING KNOWLEDGE IN THE AREAHIGHLIGHT THE STRENGTHS,WEAKNESS OR ERROR OF THE LITERATURE(DEFINITIONS,METHODS,DATA.)RELATIONSHIPS BETWEE N THE LITRATURE
14、 MUST BE IDENTIFIED AND ARTICULATED,IN RELATION TO YOUR FIELD OF RESEARCHCOULD THE DESIGN OF THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH BE IMPROVED-How?What?,MAKE YOUR VOICE CLEAR,NOT JUST PRESENTING OTHERS VIEWS OR AGRUMENTSYOUR PERSPECTIVE,POSITION OR STANDPOINT(NOT ONLY IN THE LR,BUT ALSO IN THE THESES AS A WHOLE)YOU
15、R THEORETICAL POSITION IS CLEARLY AND STRONGLY STATEDYOUR LANGUAGE SHOULD INDICATES YOUR ASSESSEMENT OF LITERETURE,TYPES OF LITERATURE,PRIMARY LITERATURE PREPRINTCONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSINFORMALY PUBLISHED REPORTSJOURNAL ARTICLES,TYPES OF LITERATURE,SECONDARY LITERATURE REVIEWBOOKS:EDITED COLLECTIONSB
16、OOKS:MONOGRAPHS/SURVEYSOTHER LITERATURE THESESREPORTSOFICIAL PUBLICATIONSCONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS,SOURCES OF LITERATURE SEARCHING,HANDSEARCHING(BOOKS/JOURNALS)REFERENCE LISTS/FOOTNOTESPRINTED BIBLIOGRAPHIESWORLD WIDE WEB(e.g.GOOGLE)DATABASES OF BOOKS AND ARTICLESLIBRARY CATLOGUESRESEARCH DATABASES,STA
17、GES IN DEVELOPING A LIT.REVIEW,Selecting the topicSetting the topic in contextLooking at information sourcesUsing information sourcesGetting the informationOrganizing information(information management)Positioning the literature reviewWriting the literature review,REMEMBER,Start the first draft of y
18、our review early in your first reading;you can build onto it as you go.Remember,writing is a messy process and you will be writing many more drafts before you have a coherent and critical account,BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE,1.IntroductionWhat is the research topic about?How have you narrowed
19、this down to a particular topic/research questions?2.Establish ImportanceWhy is your topic important?3.Theoretical BaseWhat are the theories?4.Literature Review,BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE,5.Objectives&HypothesesIs there a clearly stated research question?Are there hypotheses?Are they clearly
20、 stated?Are the relationships between the main variables explicit and reasonable?Are the hypothesis stated clearly so that they are easily testable and can results be interpreted easily?,BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE,6.MethodologyResearch design(quantitative/Qualitative)Concepts and Operational
21、izationReliability&ValiditySamples&samplingResults and DiscussionsAre the conclusions of the study consistent with the results of the statistical analyses?Are alternative conclusions considered?Are alternative conclusions that are consistent with the other research discussed and accounted for?,BRIEF
22、 OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE,8.Limitations and ImplicationsAre both the theoretical and practical implications of the results addressed and discussed?Can you identify any gaps or areas(research questions)that require further research?Can you identify any gaps methodologically that require further testing via research?,THANK YOU&BEST WISHES,
