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1、,必备知识梳理,方法规律技巧,课 时 作 业,(2)主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，即：Itbeadj./n.that clause。但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。如：It is very difficult to cool damaged nuclear reactors.冷却受损核反应堆很难。It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.很遗憾你错过了如此美好的谈话。,(3)whoever，whatever，which
2、ever引导的主语从句：whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何的人都，凡是的人都”。whatever相当于anything that，表示“所的一切，无论”。whichever意为“无论哪个；无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。如：Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都会欢迎。,Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切都要保密。Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me.你选哪本书不关
3、我的事。,2宾语从句(1)宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词如下：that，what，whether，if，where，when，whatever，whoever等。如：We must find out who did all this.我们必须查明谁做了这个。,(2)由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。如：You may do whatever(anything that)you like.你可以做任何你喜欢的事。Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.把书
4、还给书上写名字的人。,(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在考虑如何提高口语。The teacher is pleased with what she has said.老师很高兴听到她说的话。(4)形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)。如：Were glad that our football team has won the match.我们很高兴我们的足球队赢了比赛。,(5)非谓语动词后的宾语从句。如：Realizing that it was just a difference i
5、n the custom，the foreigner smiled and said nothing.当外国人意识到这只是习惯上的不同，就笑笑什么也没说。,(6)宾语从句中的形式宾语it。在“及物动词宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。如：I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.我很清楚，我已下定决心实施这项计划。,(7)宾语从句中的虚拟语气：desire愿望，demand要求，insist坚决要求，order命令，request
6、请求，suggest建议，propose提议等词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式：shoulddo，should可以省略。如：He insisted that she(should)stay here for another week.他坚持认为她应该在这再待一周。They suggested that we(should)start at once.他们建议我们立即开始。,wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望昨天见过他。,(2)引导表语从句时，用whether，不能用if。如：The question is wheth
7、er he has signed the contract.(不能用if)问题是他是否已经签了合同。(3)reason后面的表语从句用that引导；定语从句用why或that引导。请比较下面两个复合句：The reason why we dont trust him is that he has often lied.我们不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。You must tell him the reason why/that you wont accept his offer.你必须告诉他你不接受他报价的原因。,(4)由连接副词引导的表语从句。如：That is where the great
8、writer used to live.那就是大作家以前住的地方。That is why the sports meet was put off.那就是运动会被推迟的原因。That was when I was thirty.那就是我30岁的时候。,(5)表语从句还可用as，as if/though引导。如：Things were not as they seemed.事情并不像他们看到的那样。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去好像要下雨了。,The news you_told_me_yesterday was really disappointing
9、.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”),5whether与if在名词性从句中的用法区别(1)引导主语从句时whether引导的主语从句可放在句首，也可放在后面，但if引导的主语从句一般放在句尾。如：Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都一样。It is not decided whether/if Ill go there.是否我将去那还没决定。,(2)引导宾语从句时whether与if引导动词的宾语从句时，大多数情况下可换用。但作介词宾语时，只能用whether；后面直接跟不定式时
10、，只能用whether；在与or not连用时也只能用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will support us.这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。I dont care whether it rains or not.我不在乎是否下雨。,7宾语从句中that的省略that在引导宾语从句时，很多情况下都可省略。但在下列情况下一般不可省略：如在动词answer，imply后一般不可省。that也常出现在像convince sb.that；inform sb.that；remind sb.that；tell sb.that等之后。在较长的句子里，特
11、别在动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，第二个或第三个that不可省。如：We know(that)an earthquake is unavoidable and that we cant predict it.我们知道地震无法避免而且我们也无法预测。,例如：(2012河南许昌四校联考)_seems to be no possibility_ Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.AIt；thatBThere；thatCThere；whether DIt；whether解析There seems to be
12、 no possibility that.似乎没有的可能，为固定句型。答案B,2.分析句子成分，判断从句功能。遇到考查句法的题目时，要通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词(and，but)的作用；将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。,例如：(2012沈阳二中月考)The 3G cell phone must be of great use and convenience to_ wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.Awhich BwhomeverCwhichever Dwhoever解析whoever引出宾语从句，作从句中的主语。whomever只能充当宾语。答案D,
