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1、Scope(范围)of civil engineer,Vocabulary explanationOutline of the passage Explanation of the passage,Vocabulary 1,Consultation 咨询 consultant 咨询工程师comprise to（包含）engineering design 工程设计client（业主）merits 好处render(提供）determine 决定 decide Rehabilitation 恢复，改进technical investigation 技术调查 analysis 分析hydrograp
2、hic studies 水文地质研究feasibility 可行性 planning 规划,Vocabulary 2,Budgetary control 预算性控制budgetary planning 预算编制Budgetary structure 预算结构Proceed with 继续进行construction project 工程项目Preliminary 初步的 sketches 草图a master plan总图 propose 提议 Schedule 安排Available 可利用的 funds 资金.,Vocabulary 3,design 设计 subdivide 再分为Sch
3、ematic 纲要）.be continuous 继续 enable sb.to visualize 使直观化 implementation 实施 additions 添加Change 变更 consist of 由 组成 specifications 规范 contracts 合同,Vocabulary 4,Tender construction bids（投标）award contract(授标）,administer（管理）field consultation(现场咨询）on-site inspection（工地视察）obligation（义务）design contract（设计合同）
4、periodic（定期）insurance（确保）clarifying drawings（解释图纸）equipment catalogue(设备项目）contractor（承包商）shop drawings（施工图 for compliance with（符合）comply with,Vocabulary 5,resident engineer（驻场工程师）engineering representative（工程代表）quality control(质量保证）contractors（承包商)subcontractors（分包商）interpretation（解释）Construction m
5、anagement（CM）（施工管理）inflationary（通货膨胀）retained（保留）project designer(项目设计师）,vocabulary 6,property（资产）technical reports（技术报告）appraisal of property and building values(房屋,资产评估);,Outline of the passage 1passage:scope(范围)of civil engineer,1 Advice and consultationknslten（建议与咨询）2.technical investigationnves
6、tgen（技术调查）and analysis（分析）3.planning（规划）4.design(设计）5.Construction consultation and inspection(工程咨询和检验）6.Construction management（CM）（施工管理）7.Other service（其他服务项目）,1 Advice and consultation（建议与咨询）,Advice and consultation This phrase may comprise to（包含）more than an expression of the consultants(咨询工程师的）
7、opinion based on experience and technical knowledge（专业知识）.Normally,detailed（详尽的）engineering design（工程设计）is not an element in this phase;but the engineer may advice a client（业主）on the merits（好处）of undertaking a new project and on its related technical consideration.Or this phrase may just be the rend
8、ering(提供）of undertaking further studies to determine(决定）the need for repair or rehabilitation（恢复，改进）of an existing structure.,2.technical investigation（技术调查）and analysis（分析）,technical investigation and analysis after consultation,the engineer may undertake detailed study,such as hydrographic studies
9、(水文地质研究）.Possible methods of construction may be considered.preparation of a feasibility(可行性）report may follow.This report usually considers economic(经济的）as well as engineering aspect.Both aspects have to be explored to enable an owner(业主）to decide whether or not to undertake a project.,3.planning（规
10、划）,planning（规划）if,on the basis of a feasibility(可行性)report or other information,the owner decides to proceed(继续进行)with the construction project(工程项目）,the planning phase(规划阶段）is started.Planning must be considered separately（分开）from design.If,for instance,a plant or complex of structures is being dev
11、elop,planning includes rough preliminary(初步的）sketches（草图）and a master plan（总图）of the proposed（提议的）project.With a master plan,the owner can develop a project in stages and schedule（安排）construction according to his available（可利用的）funds（资金）.,4.1 design(设计）,design(设计）this phrases can be subdivided（再分为）i
12、nto schematic（纲要的）,preliminary（初步的）,and final designs.There can be a review with the owner at the end of each stage,or the review can be continuous(继续）to enable the owner to visualize（使直观化）the implementation（实施）of requirements and allow additions（添加）and changes（变更）to be made as the need arises.The c
13、ompleted design document consist of(由 组成）detailed plans and specifications(规范）and contracts（合同）for construction.,4.2 design(设计),The designers role,however,does not end at completion of final design.Normally,the designers act as the owners representative in taking construction bids（投标）,awarding contr
14、act(授标）,and administering（管理）construction contracts.,5.1Construction consultation and inspection(工程咨询和检验）,Construction consultation and inspection During the construction phrase,the engineers role covers field consultation(现场咨询）and on-site inspection（工地视察）.Field consultation,normally part of the des
15、igners obligation（义务）under the design contract（设计合同）,includes periodic（定期）visit to the site,insurance（确保）of clarifying drawings（解释图纸）(if required),and check of equipment catalogue(设备项目）and contractors（承包商的）shop drawings（施工图）for compliance with（符合）the contract documents.,5.2 Construction consultation
16、 and inspection(工程咨询和检验）,On-site representation（工地视察）consist of a resident engineer（驻场工程师）and a staff（人员）,the size(or not existence)of which depends on the nature,magnitude（大小，重要性）,and complexity（复杂性）of the project.The resident engineers prime function is to make sure that the contractor complies wi
17、th（符合）the design.,5.3 Construction consultation and inspection(工程咨询和检验）,By accomplishing this,the resident engineer（驻场工程师）is able to maintain quality control(质量保证）.Also,as the engineering representative（工程代表）on the site,the resident engineer（驻场工程师）is able to assist the contractors（承包商)and subcontrac
18、tors（分包商）when questions arise requiring interpretation（解释）of the plans.Resident engineers are the links between the field and design offices.,6.1 Construction management（CM）（施工管理）,Construction management（CM）（施工管理）Due to the growth,complexity,and inflationary（通货膨胀）costs spiral（螺旋）of construction,cons
19、truction management services have evolved（逐步形成）both as traditional consulting or contracting services and as management of construction projects.A construction manager,often retained（保留）at about the same time as the project designer(项目设计师）,may commence（开始）tasks at the beginning of the design.,6.2 Co
20、nstruction management（CM）（施工管理）,The services of a construction manager may include basic program review and analysis,contractor（承包商）selection,detailed construction inspection（检查）,coordination（合作）of trades and separate construction contractors,cost control（成本控制）,and program management（项目管理）.Acting as
21、 an owners agent,the construction manager can perform all or some of these tasks to assure（确保）the owner of project and budgetary controls（预算性控制）.,Other service(其他),Among the other services rendered(提供）by engineering firms are preparation of technical reports（技术报告）;investigation surveys（调查）,such as l
22、and and property（资产）surveys to establish title to property;evaluate（估价)and rate studies;appraisal of property and building values(房屋,资产评估);expert testimony in court(法庭专家鉴定);and services to industry,financial institutions,and public bodies in the economic field.,End of class,Thank you for your attendance!,
