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1、UNIT one,A BRIEF INTRODUCITON TO CIVIL ENGINEERING,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part I,Pre-reading task:,What is civil engineering?,What are the factors included in civilengineering?,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civilsivl Engineeringendiniri土木工
2、程,Para.1 Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction of structures,such as buildings and houses,dams,tunnels,bridges,canals(管槽),sanitation sniteinsystems(环境卫生系统)and the stationary steinri(adj.固定的)parts(固定设施)of transportation systems(交通系统)highways,airports
3、,port facilities(港口设备),and roadbeds for railroads(火车轨道路基).,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,a branchbr:nt of 分支，分部 e.g.The companys head office is in the city,but it has branches all over the country.公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。port p:tfacilities fsiliti 港口设备，港口
4、设施 e.g.The construction was announced of Hong Kongs largest port facility,Container Terminal No.9 on Tsing Yi Island.当局在一九九八年公布建造全港最大的港口设施即位于青 衣岛的九号货柜码头。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,土木工程是工程学的一个分支，主要负责设计和建造各种建筑结构，如楼房、水坝、隧道、桥梁、管槽、环境卫生系统、交通系统中的固定设施高速公路、机场、
5、港口设施及火车轨道路基等。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,Para.2 Among its subdivisions are structural engineering(结构工程),dealing with permanent structures(永久结构);hydraulichaidr:lik engineering(水利工程),dealing with the flow of water(水流)and other fluids;and environmental/sa
6、nitary engineering(环境或环卫工程),dealing with water supply(供水),water purificationpjurifikein(水的净化),and sewer systems(污水处理系统);as well as urban planning and design(城市规划).,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,subdivision sbdivin n.细再分;细分分成的部分;(供出卖的)小块土地,分装的商品 e.g.each p
7、lot was further subdivided 对每一个小区再行划分 land subdivision 分割土地 environmental invairnmentl adj.环境(产生)的;周包围的 e.g.environmental costs 环境成本 environmental waste 环境废物sanitarysnitri engineering endiniri 卫生工程 e.g.municipal sanitary engineering 城市卫生工程学 public sanitary engineering 公共卫生工程 sewer susystems 排水工程 e.g
8、.maintenance of sewer system 市政排水系统,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,在土木工程的分类中，可分为：结构工程，主要涉及永久结构方面；水利工程，主要负责解决水流及其他液体的问题；环境或环卫工程，主要处理供水、水的净化及污水处理系统；以及城市规划。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,The term civil engineering
9、originallyridnli came into use to distinguish distiwi(区别）it from military engineering(军事工程).Civil engineering dealt with permanent structures(永久性建筑结构)for civilian use(民用）,whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use（临时性的军用建筑）。.,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Thin
10、k,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,come into use 开始被使用 e.g.The new car will come into use next month.那辆新车将于下月开始使用。military militri adj.军人的；军用的；军事的 e.g.a military aeronautical school 军事航空学校 military arts 军事艺术permanent p:mnnt adj.永久性的,耐久的,固定不变的 e.g.permanent address 永久地址 permanent assets【会计】固定资产 civi
11、lian siviljn n.市民；平民，老百姓（与军人相对而言）e.g.civilian use 民用 a civilian career 平民职业,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,temporarytemprri adj.暂时的,临时的;一时的 e.g.temporary workers 临时工 temporary needs 临时需要,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engine
12、ering,“土木工程”这个术语起初是用来与“军事工程”相区别的，土木工程处理的是民用的永久性建筑结构，而军事工程则是主要负责处理临时性的军用建筑。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,Para.3 Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is uniqu
13、e（独一无二的）.One structure rarely duplicates another exactly.Even when structures seem to be identical（完全相同）,site requirements（选址的要求）or other factors generally result in modification（变更）.Large structures like dams,bridges,or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures.,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Sect
14、ion 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,unique ju:ni:k adj.唯一的；无与伦比的；独特的 e.g.unique feature 特色 That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.那座建筑很独特，因为所有像它那样的其他建筑都毁坏了 duplicate dju:plikeit vt.使加倍；使成双；使重复；重叠 e.g.duplicate expenses 使费用加倍 duplicate a letter 复写信件 m
15、odification mdifikein n.变更,修正;改进;e.g.data modification 数据修改 The law,in its present form,is unjust;it needs modification.现行的法律是不公正的;它需要修改。substantially sbstn()l adv.主要地；实质上地 e.g.substantially alters 实质变更,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,土木工程包含着一个独特的挑战，因为土木工程师
16、设计及建造的几乎每一项建筑结构或系统都是独一无二的。一项建筑结构绝少是对另一项结构的全盘复制。即使有时候某些结构好像是完全相同的，但对选址的要求或其他因素通常都会导致结构发生改变。大型建筑，如水坝、桥梁或隧道等，都会与先前已有的结构大不相同。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,1.;hydraulic engineering,dealing with the flow of water and other fluids;关于水流及其他液体的水利工程dealing with:处理;
17、关于。后接名词或名词短语。e.g.Mary brought me a marvelous book,dealing with the political affairs of the Middle East.玛丽送给我一本很棒的书，是关于中东政治冲突的。This book deals with music.这本书是关于音乐的。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,2.The term civil engineering originally came into use to dis
18、tinguish it from military engineering.土木工程这个术语最初是用来与军事工程加以区别的。come into use:开始被使用。最初“土木”与“军事”应该是一对反义词。did telephone first come into use?电话是什么时候开始使用的？This word has lately come into common use.这个词最近才开始常用。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,3.One structure rarely
19、 duplicates another exactly.一个建筑绝少与另外一个建筑丝毫不差。duplicatedju:plikeit:及物动词，指“加倍，成双，复制”；也可以用作名词。e.g.He duplicated his former mistakes.他重犯了以前的错误。He asked the secretary to type the document in duplicate.他让秘书双面打印文件。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 2 Read and Think,Part II,Passage,Civil Engineering,4.,or tunnels ma
20、y differ substantially from previous structures.大型的建筑，如水坝、桥梁或隧道，都与以前的样式大不相同。differ from:结构“A+differs from+B”在文中指“A与B有很大区别”。e.g.His views differ considerably from those of his parents.他的看法和父母的有很大的区别。Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.日语和法语在发音上区别很大。,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 5 try to
21、write,Part I,Read the sample carefully and simulate to write a short composition.,Dear Sir or Madam,Im writing to apply the position that you advertised on newspaper several days ago.With an excellent achievement,I received my master degree of Civil Engineering in MIT about 2 years ago.I engaged in
22、some designing work in an institute since I graduated from university.If I have the honor to meet you after this letter,I will bring my blueprints together with me.During working in that institute,I cooperated with my group members so well that we did many good jobs together.The reason why I want to
23、 quit is that I need a brand new working environment to improve my skills and know more friends outside.The payment,I think,is not the key factor for me to choose a job but the prospect.Hoping to hear from you soon,I am looking forward the meeting between us.Yours faithfully,Peter,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,gr
24、aduate frombachelormajor inapply fordesigning institute positiondesigner assistantbe skillful at/be excellent at blueprint,Section 5 try to write,Part I,你是一名土木工程专业的学士，申请珠海市设计院的助理设计师的工作。,毕业于学士专业申请设计院职位助理设计师专长是蓝图,try to write,Part II,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Translate the following advertisement into Chinese,A
25、 successful engineering consulting firm with expertise in civil design&planning needs an experienced Civil Engineer who has experience for waterfront projects.His duties include design drainage calculations,water distribution networks,roadway layouts&project management for all kinds of commercial an
26、d industrial projects,including for private&public clients.,Requirements:,-Bachelors degree-2 to 3 years of related experience-registered Professional Engineer-familiarity with NYCDOT&/or NYSDOT!Salary depends on experience level,possible relocation assistance&position is located in midtown,Manhatta
27、n.Someone who is interested in the position is required to post the application letter that enclosed his or her resume before the end of this month.,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 3 Think and Speak,Conversation2,建筑，建造,construct,switch to,P:In my opinion,the civil engineering is of importance for the modern
28、 society.I thirst for knowing more about that.What kind of things should be contained in such field?G:The whole society could not work well without the efforts offered by civil engineers and civil engineering.Civil engineering is all about creating,improving and protecting the environment in which w
29、e live.The skyscrapers,simply to say,which you can find all over our nation are designed and constructed by the Civil Engineers.,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 3 Think and Speak,Conversation2,忧虑的，忧心的,anxious,转到,switch to,P:Professor Green,I started out in electronic engineering originally,but now I intend
30、to switch to civil engineering.Im so anxious that if I have made a correct decision.So,can you do me a little favor about that?G:First of all,welcome to join in this field.But I eager to know why you made such a decision?,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,Section 3 Think and Speak,Conversation2,switch to,P:Well,it sounds be great!I think I have been made a correct decision.Your introducing made me feel more interested in this field.Thank you so much,professor!G:Youre welcome.I do hope you will do the good job in this field in the future.,Thank You!,土木工程英语教材 UNIT 1,
