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1、Unit 6,Risk is the probability that something bad will happen.,What is a risk?,Risk can also be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with an opportunity.,QuotationsRisk is essential.There is not growth of inspiration in staying within what is safe and comfortable.Once you find out what yo
2、u do best,why not try something else?-Alex Noble,Part One Preparation,QuotationsEducated risks are the key to success.-William OlstenIts better to be a lion for a day than a sheep all your life.-Sister Elizabeth Kenny A ship in port is safe,but thats not what ships are built for.,1.Risks in Jobs,Try
3、 to think of as many ways of preventing risks as possible that are related to your life.The group whogets the most wins.,Group Competition,e.g.Reduce the speed limit;Never go swimming alone;Ban all firearms,What kinds of risky factors existed nowadays?,sex,race,income level,lifestyle,heredity,stress
4、,pollution,employment,global warming,population,traffic accidents,SARS,nuclear weapon,etc.,Attitudes toward“risks”,Optimists They always expect the best.Therefore they try to maximize the maximum gain.,Pessimists,Pessimists always expect the worst.Therefore they try to maximize the minimum loss.,War
5、m-up questions,1.What is risk?,Risk is the possibility that something bad will happen.,Warm-up questions,2.Have you ever had any risky experience?,For example,riding a bicycle,climbing the mountain,Warm-up questions,3.Why do most people fear airplane accidents more than car accidents?,People feel fa
6、r less secure in the air than on the ground.In many cases,airplane accidents are almost fatal.One might not survive the plane crash,while he may not be killed in a car accident.,Pre-reading Questions,1.What figure do we depend on when we assess a risk?,A ratio or fraction,Pre-reading Questions,2.How
7、 do we manage risks in a sensible way?,Common sense and relevant information about the risks can help us deal with risks sensibly.,Supporting evidence(Para 47),General Statement(Para 13),Conclusion(Para 8),Risks are always a matter of probability rather than certainty.,We can inform ourselves about
8、the relevant risks before any decision-making by measuring the level of a risk.,Common sense and relevant information are keys to managing risks in a sensible way.,Text Structure Analysis,1.At some time or other,all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac,imagining that we have some more terri
9、ble disease on the strength of very minor symptoms.(Lines 12,para.1),play a part/role in 在（方面）起作用,1.play the part/role of 扮演角色,e.g.She played the part of a policewoman in the play.,2.on the strength of 根据、依据、基于,e.g.I bought this dictionary on the strength of his recommendation.,说不定在某个时候，我们都扮演过疑病症患者的
10、角色：依据一些轻微的症状就想象着自己得了某种可怕的疾病。,1.At some time or other,all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac,imagining that we have some more terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms.(Lines 12,para.1),2.But fear of disease is not our only fear,and neither is risk of disease the only risk we
11、 run.(Lines 45,para.1),neither 表示否定含义，与前句中的 not 一起构成句型，意为：既不也不。这里也可用nor 来替换 neither。,1.本句中出现了由 neither 引起的倒装结构。,即：But fear of disease is not our only fear,and nor is risk of disease the only risk we run.,2.But fear of disease is not our only fear,and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.(
12、Lines 45,para.1),由 risk 构成的固定搭配有：take/run a risk/risks 冒险take/run/at the risk of 冒着危险at ones own risk 由自己负责at all risks/at any risk 无论有何风险、无论冒什么危险at risk 有危险,句子最后一部分we run是定语从句，修饰risk,5.As an advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective.(line54
13、-55),Anyone swimming in this lake does so at his own risk.,判断下列句子中at risk 的意思,3.The disease is spreading,and all children under 5 are at risk.,2.He was determined to go at all risks/at any risk.,在此湖中游泳者如有以意外责任自负。（告示语）,但是，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧，同样，患病的危险也并非我们会遇到的唯一危险。,2.But fear of disease is not our only fe
14、ar,and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.(Lines 45,para.1),3.And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves.(Line 7,para 1),这类倒装句的特点是句子没有宾语，且主语又较长，常可将状语（介短、副词）提到句首，谓语前置，句子全部倒装。这类句子很常见，应能迅速识别。,And questions that we must pose to ourselves come from these threats.,1.
15、本句涉及到什么样的句式？倒装句正常语序为：,e.g.1.the South Pacific lie a lot of small islands.,2.Soon came another upsurge of the revolution.又一个革命高潮很快到来了。,2.pose:提出(课文之意);造成、引起;摆姿势,1.昂贵的石油价格给工业造成严重的问题。,pose a question 提出问题 pose a question to sb,The high cost of oil poses serious problems for industry.,3.And from these t
16、hreats come questions that we must pose to ourselves.(Line7,para 1),翻译,2.摄影师细心地帮她摆好姿势。,The photographer helped pose her carefully.,由于这些威胁，我们必须给自己提出一些问题。,3.And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves.(Line7,para 1),4.(Line 10)multiply v.increase greatly in number,e.g.Hot weat
17、her multiplies the bacteria in water rapidly.炎热的天气使水中的细菌大量繁殖。multi-多，大量e.g.multimedia,multilateral,multi-coloured,*Multiply 3 by 5:35(=15).*add 加;subtract 减;multiply 乘;divide 除,5.(Line 12)partial a.forming only a part,not complete,Useful expressions:a partial opinion(偏见)a partial success give partia
18、l support a partial judge(偏心的法官)partial a.:部分的，局部的 partly adv.:in part,部分地，在一定程度上,a matter of:的事情,6.(Line 17,para 3)Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty.,a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情,a matter of record 有案可查的事,a matter of opinion 见仁见智之事,what if 1)如果将会怎样？2)（口语，用于
19、提建议）怎么样？,7.(Line 20,para 3)But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle,e.g.What if the rumor is true？如果这谣传是真的，怎么办？,e.g.What if we go and see a film tomorrow?,reduceto 3.把归结为/总结为 4.使变弱，使变瘦,e.g.他的一生可以概括为一句话，那就是探索真理。His whole life can be reduced to a search for truth.,e.
20、g.be reduced to nothing by illness由于生病而瘦得不成样子,8.(Lines 3133,para 4)But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not,or should not,reduce us to trembling neurotics.,e.g.1.reduce ones thoughts to writing 把想法变成文字,2.reduce that passage to half the number of words
21、把那段文章的字数减少一半,e.g.1.reduce chaotic room to order 把乱糟糟的房间整理得井井有条,8.(Lines 3133,para 4)But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not,or should not,reduce us to trembling neurotics.,2.be reduced to despair 陷入绝望,inform sb of/about 把某事告诉/通知某人,e.g.1.I wasnt inform
22、ed of the decision until too late.等到我被告知这一决定时已经太晚了。,2.Keep me informed about what happens.请随时把发生的情况告诉我。,e.g.One of the criminals informed against the rest of the gang.其中的一个罪犯告发了团伙中的其他成员。,9.(Lines 3334,para 4)The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly.,be well/
23、bad informed 消息灵通/闭塞 inform on/against sb.告发某人,accordingly照着（做、办）；因而,e.g.1.Ive told you what the situation is;you must act accordingly.我已经把情况告诉你了，你必须照着做。,2.The budget of health care has been cut by 10%.Accordingly,some hospitals may be forced to close.卫生保健的预算削减了10%，因此，一些医院可 能会被迫关门。,9.(Lines 3334,par
24、a 4)The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly.,（accordingly 也可置于句末）,Exercise,The world is changing rapidly;our plans must change _.A.likely B.accordingly C.considerably D.directlyAnswer:B.accordingly,even supposing=even if 即使 suppose/supposing(conj.)1)假设，假如 2
25、)引出祈使语气，用于提建议,Suppose/Supposing you miss the tiger,he is not likelyto miss you.,Suppose we start(ed)tomorrow.,10.(Lines 4142,para 5)But is the added cost and inconvenience worth the difference in price,even supposing you could afford it?,英译汉,假设你打不着老虎，老虎可不见得吃不着你。,我们明天动身吧。（这里用started表示语气更委婉）,句型：have a
26、 feel for 了解,汉译英：作为求职者，我们必须对目前的就业市场有所了解。,Being a job-seeker,weve got to have a feel for thepresent job market.,11.We cannot begin to answer such questions until we have a feel for the level of risks in question.(Line43,para 6),在我们对所讨论的危险的程度有所了解之前，我们还无法回答这些问题。,11.We cannot begin to answer such questi
27、ons until we have a feel for the level of risks in question.(Line43,para 6),12.(Line 50)assess Vt.评估，评定,e.g.They assess the amount of damage caused by typhoon.*assessat 把估价为*assess oneself against the model:对照典型对自己作出评价。*assessment n.,13.(Line62,para 7)the latter turns out to be four times riskier th
28、an the former.,e.g.Jack and Bill are twins,but the former is taller than the latter.,句型：the former the latter前者后者,该句型也可拆开使用,e.g.Of the two possibilities,the former seems more likely.,1.We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.,翻译句子,我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。,2.真理与谬误对立。,Truth
29、is opposed to falsehood.,14.(Lines64-65,para 7)If you are opposed to risks,you will want to choose your activities by focusing on small-ratio exposures.,opposed(adj.)be opposed to 反对（课文之意）；对立,be opposed to 和 oppose(v.)较多地用于书面语中，而 be against 常用于口语中。,opposed(adj.),14.(Lines 6465,para 7)If you are oppo
30、sed to risks,you will want to choose your activities by focusing on small-ratio exposures.,15.Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that,therefore,nothing is completely safe,we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rath
31、er one of managing risks in a sensible way.(Lines 6870,para.8),1)once(conj.):一旦,e.g.Once the principal contradiction is grasped,all problems will be readily solved.一旦抓住主要矛盾。一切问题就迎刃而解。,本句中的谓语 understand 后面并列了两个由 that 引导的宾语从句。,15.Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any si
32、tuation and that,therefore,nothing is completely safe,we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way.(Lines68-70,para.8),2)issue(n.):问题、争端;发行量、(刊物)期号;结局、结果；,the burning issue of the day燃眉之急的问题,major issues of principle 大是大非问
33、题,a minor/side issue 枝节问题,an issue of 100,000 copies 十万册的发行量,the latest issue of Readers 最近一期的读者,issue from=result from由造成/引起,issue in=result in导致,issue(vi.),e.g.西安的城市建设正在呈现出崭新的面貌。The city construction of Xian is taking on an altogether new aspect.,15.Once we understand that risk can never be totall
34、y eliminated from any situation and that,therefore,nothing is completely safe,we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way.(Lines 6870,para.8),3)altogether:completely,thoroughly 完全，彻底,4)notbut(rather)不是/不在于而是/而在于,一旦我们懂得在任何
35、情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的，我们就会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地对付危险。,15.Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that,therefore,nothing is completely safe,we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a se
36、nsible way.(Lines 6870,para.8),16.(Line 70)sensible a.having or showing good sense,reasonable 有判断力的,明智的,e.g.She is far too sensible to believe these ridiculous lies.Some related expressions:sense n.vt.感官，感觉 sensor n.传感器sensation n.感觉能力sensitive a.敏感的sensational a.令人兴奋的sensatory=sensory a.感官的，感觉的,Sum
37、marizing Comparative Degree,在课文中作者运用了大量的比较级，现就一些常见的比较级用法总结如下:,形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，它可独立 存在，如：The grey coat is(the)longer.这个句子的含义是，听者明白灰色外衣在与其它或类似的东西相比较。如果是比较两件种类完全相同的东西，在正式文体中形容词比较级前则可用the。,Summarizing Comparative Degree,比较级形式“-er and-er”,两个比较级用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减少的意思：e.g.Computers are becoming more and more
38、 complicated.Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive.,Summarizing Comparative Degree,the+比较级+the,这种结构可用于形容词或副词来表示原因：e.g.The more money you make,the more you spend.,The more expensive petrol becomes,the less people drive.,Summarizing Comparative Degree,More 和 most 用于相对数量比较 More 可与可数和不可数名词
39、一起连用，most意为“极大的数目”，“极大的数量”：,More food is wasted than is eaten in this canteen.Most doctors dont smoke.,Summarizing Comparative Degree,比较级的被修饰 修饰语和表示程度的副词very,too,quite可修饰形容词，但我们不能用这些修饰语与比较级连用，必须用a bit,very much,far even,hardly any,a lot,a little,no,rather,some what 等：,Its much/far/a lot/a little col
40、der today than it was yesterday.Houses are much/far/a lot more expensive these days.,Summarizing Comparative Degree,同级比较asas的用法 asas可连接单音节和较长的形容词表示两个人或物是同样的：,Jane is as tall as Peter.含有“as+形容词+as”的日常用语，如as clear as crystal象水晶一样透明，as cold as ice冰冷，as good as gold信用如金，as light as a feather轻如羽毛，as old
41、as the hills陈年老账，as white as snow雪白,Diagram,We should inform ourselves about the relevant risks before making any decision.(Para.4),Problem How do we measure the level of a risk?(Para.6),Example 1 We need to know the relativesafety of large cars and small cars before our purchase.(Para.5),Example 2
42、Which activity is riskier,riding in a car or mining?(Para.6),Mining is four times riskier than riding in a car.(Para.7),Solution Risk levels can be expressed in ratios or fractions.(Para.6-7),What is risk?,Ex.1,How Do We Measure the Risk Level?,Ex.2,Vocabulary Exercise 1,1)sensible 2)relative 3)mech
43、anism 4)requires5)eliminate 6)crash,Vocabulary Exercise 2,1)character 2)end up3)Rarely 4)casual5)risky 6)all manner of7)inform 8)sensible9)definitively,Vocabulary Exercise 3,1)On the strength of 2)all manner of3)feed on 4)reduce to 5)end up 6)associated with7)focus on 8)turned to 9)participate in 10)involved in,Writing Assignment,Write a composition entitled“Are Environmental Risks Worth Taking?”.You can refer to the above discussion questions.Your article should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write neatly.,The End,
