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1、定语从句专题讲座,学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词。关联词在句中作状语就应使用关系副词.(where,when,why等。)否则使用关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that等。),一、在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。由介词+which引导的定语从句。非限制性定语从句。,who,whom,二、Who,whom,whose引导的定语从句：(who作主语,whom作宾语，whose用作定语，同时whose还可以指物，相当于of which。)e.g.:1)This is the doctor _
2、saved the babys life.2)He is the student _ the teacher praised at the meeting.,3)I know the girl _ mother died a year ago.4)Have you seen the notebook _ cover is black?,whose,whose,which,which,which,in which,which,三、由which引导的定语从句：(which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾 语。)1.This is the store _ opens all night.2.This i
3、s the pen _my brother bought for me.3.Is this the House _Lu X un once lived?(or Is this the house _Lu X un once lived in?)4.This is the magazine _ you are looking for.,Notes:which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语，介词一般可置关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which之前，如不能说：This is the magazine for which you ar
4、e looking.,四、由that引导的定语从句,可以指人或物，代替who,whom,which.1.在定语从句中that在从句中作主语、宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语：、,E.g.:1)This is the photo_I took in Beijing last year.2)This is the man_lives next door.3)Is this the professor _you talked about yesterday?(about不能放在that前面。),that/which,that/who,that/whom,但下列情况只能用that。1.序数词或最高级形
5、容词修饰先行词时用that。E.g.:1)This is one of the best novels_ I have ever read.2)The first English song _I learned was ABC song.,that,that,2.All,much,everything,nothing,something,anything作先行词时用that.E.g.:1)Everything _ we saw at the exhibition greatlyinterested us.2)Is there anything_ belongs to you?3)All _ w
6、e need is more time.4)Nothing_ the parents do doesnt influence their children.,that,that,that,that,3.先行词为only、very等修饰时用that。E.g.:1)That is the only way _we can find at present.2)This is the twelfth letter _ she has received from him.3)This is the very museum _ we visited for the first time.,that,tha
7、t,that,4.that可以用来引导限制性定语从句，当它在从句中作介宾时，介词应后移。E.g.:This is the good student that the teachers talked about just now.,5.先行词既指人又指物的并列名词时，用that.E.g.:My mother and her old friends talked of the things and persons _they remembered in the school.,that,六、关系副词引导的定语从句 when,where,why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句
8、中作状语。,关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用.,Ill remember the day _ I went to London.我会记着我去伦敦的那一天的。Beijing is the place _ I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,when(on which),where(in which),why(for which),判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：从句中的谓语动词:及物动词后面无
9、宾语，用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：1.This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.2.Ill never forget the days _ I worked with you.,where,when,判断改错 1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.3.This is the mountain village(which
10、)I visited last year.4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.,（F）,（F）,（T）,（T）,方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one2 This is the museum _ I visited a few days ago.A.whereB.that C.on which D
11、.the one3.This museum is _ I visited a few days ago.A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one,D,A,B,1.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one2 Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one3.Is this museum _ you visited a few days a
12、go?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one,A,B,D,五、非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，而非限制性定语从句是对概 念清楚的先行词加以追加阐述或补充说明.,1.非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导，作宾语的关系代词不能省略，从句与主句用逗号分开.,1)Yesterday I saw your brother,_ told me the good news of your mothers recovery from her illness.2)I went to see their new house,_ I liked very much.
13、3)Last Saturday they reached Shanghai,_ a meeting is to be held.,who,which,where,2.在非限制性定语从句中as与which可以把整个主句作为其先行词，其区别如下：1)从意义上来看which可以译为“这/那”；as译为“正如、象”。,He is a teacher,which(as)is clear from his manner或He is a teacher,as(which)can be seen from his manner.The student forgot to bring his dictionar
14、y,as is oftenthe case.（此句中as不能用which代。）,2)which一般置于主句之后;as引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后;as 常与know,see,expect,announce,point out等连用。,a)This poem is written by Scott,_almost everybody knows.b)This poem,_ almost everybody knows,is written by Scott.c)_almost everybody knows，this poem is written by Scott.d)Ocean
15、s cover more than 70 percent of the earth,_ we have seen.e)_ is well-known to us all,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.,as,as,as,As,As,3)as 常用于the same as,suchas句型中，在这些句型中as引导的限制性定语从句。,I like the the same clothes _ she is wearing.b)He was greatly interested in such topics_they were disc
16、ussing.,as,as,练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词：1.Yesterday I met Doctor Wang _told me the good news of his sons passing the examination.2.The two pupils_ you taught three yeas ago have become teachers.3.He began to work in Beijing in the year_ New China was founded.4.I dont know the reason_ she didnt agree to our p
17、lan.5.This was a soldier_ died in the war of Resistance.,who/that,who/that/whom,when,why,who/that,6.He told everything _he had seen in the traffic accident.7.This was the best model of the TV set_ the factory produced last year.8.They have visited the Museum of Chinese History _Premier Zhous life an
18、d deeds are being shown.9.Alice,_dress is all red,looks very pretty.10.The first thing _I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment.,that,that,where,whose,that,11._ is well-known to us all,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.Which B.that C.as D.who12.He is a te
19、acher,_is clear from his manner.A.Which B.that C.when D.who,C,A,The lady who is dressed in black is my mothers friend.He likes making friends with those who are ready to help others.China is a country which has a large population and large land area.4.她喜欢她妈妈去年给她买的那条裙子。5.教他语文的那个老师对他很好。6 和他们说话的那个人是美国来的。,
