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1、Unit Seven,College Life,Communication,Ten“Cs”Essential for College Students,Creativity,Commitment,Connection,Confidence,Courage,Cooperation,Curiosity,Competence,Consideration,Do you know this?,师范大学/学院,normal university/college,全国重点大学,national key university,综合性大学,comprehensive university,工业大学/理工学院,财
2、经大学/学院,poly-technical university/institute of technology,university/institute of finance and economics,专科学校,junior college,职业学校,寄宿学校,vocational school,boarding school,Majors:,Mathematics,Mechanical Engineering,Chemical Engineering,Electrical Engineering,Civil Engineering,Information Science,Computer
3、 Science,Mechanics,Biochemistry,International Trade,Geology,Economics,International Finance,Agronomy,Earth Science,Materials,Life Science,Diplomatic Relations,Urban Planning,Mass Media,Journalism,Directions:Work in groups and discuss:1)your idea of college life before you came to college(including t
4、he campus,classroom buildings,dormitories,students cafeterias,library,classmates,teachers,etc.);2)the similarities and differences between your expectations and the reality.,Talking about Your College Life Expectations vs.Reality,Guidelines,1)Campus:,2)Classroom buildings:,3)Dormitories:,4)Students
5、cafeterias:,5)Library:,6)Classmates:,7)Teachers:,Large&beautiful,As what dreamed,new classrooms with modern facilities,equipped with modern facilities,space for everyone,Small&crowded,spacious dining halls,great variety of food,large collection of books,Scare reading room,friendly,true,old,Young,esp
6、ecially English teachers,Directions:Look at the pictures of college students in 1910s-20s,1960s-70s,as well as college students today.Work in groups to compare and contrast their characteristics according to what you see or what you know about them.Then report your findings to the class.,College Stu
7、dents at Different Times,1910s 1920s college students,1960s 1970s college students,Present day college students,The message Prof.Neusner passes to the graduates.(Para.1),We take no pride in our educational achievement because we have inadequately prepared students for the real world.,Reason:At Brown
8、,during the four years,students have formed the belief that failure leaves no record,while in the real world failure marks you.,Two different attitudes toward errors.(Para.2),At Brown,students defend their errors by arguing about:,In the real world,graduates had better not defend their errors but le
9、arn from them.,A.why their errors were not errors;,B.why mediocre work was excellent;,C.why they could take pride in their poor presentation.,College is an altogether forgiving world.(Para.3-5),No matter what slight effort students made,they could meet the demand.,A.When students broke appointments,
10、professors make new ones.,B.When the deadline was missed,professors pretended not to care.,C.Boring talks were considered to be important.,D.Unlabored writing was commented on.,E.Dull students were treated as if they were smart.,The reason why professors did all this was not that they wanted to be l
11、iked by students,but that professors did not want to be bothered and pretense was the easy way out.,Prof.Daniels viewpoint.(Para.6),College has deprived students of adequate preparation for the real world.,The ending of the speech.(Para.7-8),Conclusion:On this commencement day,we professors have not
12、hing to take pride in.,B.Advice for graduates:,a.Dont act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us.,b.Go to life and unlearn the lies we taught you here.,The points Ida Timothees going to argue against(Para.1),A.Students have been made to believe that“failure leaves no record”.,
13、B.College is not a preparatory school for life.,Ida Timothees comments on Neusners points:(Para.2),A.He knows little about students college life.,B.He ignores the pressures and hard times students experience at college.,Ida argues against Neusners point that college is not preparing students for rea
14、l life.(Para.3),During the college years,we start to be independent,make crucial decisions and are responsible for them.,A.We learn to budget our time and money.,B.We are tolerant enough to survive in a crowded triple room.,C.We meet people from different parts of the world.,Supporting evidence:,Her
15、 counter-examples:,A.If you fail a test or a course,the teacher wont erase the grade.,B.If you drop a class,youll have to take more courses next semester.,C.Low grades or low GPA means no fine graduate school,no degree.,Ida argues against the so-called students belief that failure leaves no record.(
16、Para.4),D.Everyone has to take midterms and finals.,E.No teachers have“pretended not to care”when deadlines are not kept.,College is not“easy,free,forgiving,attentive,comfortable,interesting,unchallenging fun”to her.,Idas conclusion:(Para.5),Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed.(Lin
17、e 10),leave sb.+adj./v-ed/prep.phrase:leave 后可接复合宾语，表示“使处于某种状态”。,译 文,Example,He left the door unlocked when he went out last night.,他昨晚出去时没锁门。,He felt tired and left the problem unsolved last night.,他昨天夜里感到非常疲劳,所以问题也没解出来。,Example,The fox mom went out for food,leaving all her hungry kids waiting at h
18、ome.,狐狸妈妈外出找食了，留了一屋子嗷嗷待哺的小狐狸。,Being in a hurry,he left all the windows open.,因为走得匆忙，他把窗子都没关。,Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed.(Line 10),知难而退会使你变成另一个人。,When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored,we read it and even responded,as though you earned a respons
19、e.(Line25),译 文,本句是一个复合句，主句是 we read it and even responded。句首 when 引导时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词tossed 在句中用作及物动词，它的宾语是writing，upon which you had not labored 是定语从句，修饰前面的 writing。主句后面的 as though 引导了另一个状语从句，表示方式。,他们为建造这个体育馆辛勤工作了好几年。,They labored for years to build this auditorium.,我下功夫学了两年英语。,I labored at English f
20、or two years.,Example,labor,v.work or try hard 干苦活，努力，多指艰苦、紧张劳累的体力劳动，也可用于脑力劳动。,Example,这孩子正在动脑筋做一道数学难题。,The child is laboring over a difficult math problem.,编辑下大力气修改原稿，一直改到凌晨。,The editor labored over the manuscript till early morning.,他当顾问工程师挣得大笔的钱。,Hes earning a fortune as a consultant engineer.,她靠
21、什么谋生？,How does she earn her living?,Example,earn,v.赚（挣）钱，（应，使）获得，得到,Example,经过多年的努力，他终于赢得了她的芳心。,After years of effort,he finally earned her love.,她顺利地通过了考试，终于在大学赢得了一席之地。,Her success in the exam earned her a place at university.,When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not labored,we r
22、ead it and even responded,as though you earned a response.(Line25),当你们把根本没有花心思写的作业扔到我们桌上时，我们不仅拜读，甚至批改给出评语，好像你们值得这样的回应。,Despite your fantasies,it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you.It was that we did not want to be bothered,and the easy way out was pretense:smiles and easy Bs.(Line30),译 文
23、,it was not even thatIt was that 根本不是，而是,他解释说，根本不是他睡过了，而是公共汽车晚了。,He explained,it was not that he overslept.It was that the bus was late.,Example,医生非常乐意为病人提供他们想要的药物。这绝不是医生认为药是最佳治疗办法，而是医生处理病人更快的一种办法。,The doctors are too ready to provide patients with the medicine they require.It is not even that docto
24、rs think the medicine is the best treatment.It is that this is a quicker way for doctors to dispose of patients.,对这一切尽管你们可以想入非非，但我们决不是因为想要讨得你们的欢心，而是因为我们不想受到打扰。一个简单的办法就是作假：微笑，让你们轻轻松松都得B。,Despite your fantasies,it was not even that we wanted to be liked by you.It was that we did not want to be bothere
25、d,and the easy way out was pretense:smiles and easy Bs.(Line30),Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents,fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity.(Line47),红色的部分是此句的主句。主句谓语动词care 带了一个由whether 引导的宾语从句。peer-p
26、aralyzed adolescents指“那些非常在乎同龄人的评价而不会独立思考的年轻人（青少年）”。foolspopularity在句中做adolescents的同位语,其中imagine后为省略了连词that的宾语从句。care notbut“关心的不是而是”。,译 文,shallow,他们就宴会和服装进行肤浅的交谈。,They carried a shallow conversation about parties and clothes.,那时我太年轻无知，不懂什么是爱情。,I was too young and shallow to understand love.,Example
27、,adj.lacking deep or serious thinking 肤浅的、浅薄的,care not about but about,许多伟人关心的不是自己的利益而是全人类的利益。,Many great people care not about their own interests but about the interests of the whole human being.,Example,所关心的不是而是,Example,我们关心的不是效率而是质量。,We care not about the efficiency but about the quality.,他关心的不是
28、多少人能来参加婚礼而是谁会来参加婚礼。,He cares not about how many people will come to his wedding,but about who will come.,很少有教授真正在乎他们是否会受到那些只能在同龄人眼中找到自我的年轻人的喜欢，这些年轻人是一些愚昧无知的人，竟然肤浅到会以为教授们关心的不是教育，而是自己的声望。,Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents,fools so shallow as to im
29、agine professors care not about education but about popularity.(Line47),When the going gets tough,the tough have to get down to work because,unlike what Neusner believes,college does not give“painless”solutions to mistakes.(Line31,Passage 2),该句中第一个“tough”意为“艰难的”，第二个“the tough”指的是“顽强学习（刻苦用功）的学生”。,译 文
30、,going,他是我在碰到困难时可以依靠的人。,He is the man I can depend on when the going gets tough.,她不到25岁就当上公司主管，发展的真不错！,She was a company director before she was 25;thats not bad going.,Example,n.rate of progress,travel,etc.进展的速度，进行情况,他们对酒醉后驾车者十分严厉。,They are very tough on drunk drivers.,政府声称要对试图逃税者采取强硬态度。,The govern
31、ment has threatened to get tough with those people who try to avoid paying taxes.,Example,tough,adj.difficult 困难的;费力的 rough and hard 强硬的；粗暴的 able to endure hardship 能耐劳苦的。,Example,和他很难共事。,He is tough to work with.,煤矿工人都是能吃苦耐劳的。,Coal-miners are a tough breed.,When the going gets tough,the tough have
32、to get down to work because,unlike what Neusner believes,college does not give“painless”solutions to mistakes.(Line31,Passage 2),当学习进展困难时，那些本来刻苦学习的人也得更加努力学习，因为大学并不像诺伊斯那所认为的那样，会给失误提供“省事的”解决办法。,Its ill-advised for you to believe what that stranger said.,ill-advised(Line 17,Para.2),你真是没脑子，竟然会相信那个陌生人的话。
33、,Translation,她太没脑子了，以至于会在几天前上了一条陌生的手机短信的当。,She was so ill-advised that she swallowed the bait in a strange short message several days ago.,adj.not sensible or wise 没脑筋的,不明智的,“ill-”is added to words,especially adjectives and past participles(过去分词),to add the meaning“badly”or“inadequately”前缀ill一般与形容词和
34、过去分词搭配使用，意为“糟糕的”或“不充分的”。,Example,ill-informed(line 37,Para.6),意为“not knowing about something”(无知的),ill-mannered,无礼貌的，举止粗鲁的,ill-bred,没有教养的,粗野的,ill-fated,走恶运的,注定倒霉的,ill-judged,判断失当的，时机不当的,ill-natured,脾气坏的，不厚道的,ill-timed,不适时的，不合时宜的,abuse(Line 18,Para.2),v.1)to say unkind,cruel,or rude things to or abou
35、t 辱骂，诋毁,Dont abuse that young man any more.He is innocent.,不要再诋毁那个年轻人了，他是无辜的。,Translation,辱骂别人是一种无理的行为。,Abusing others is a kind of impolite deed.,v.2)to put to wrong use;use badly,esp.for ones own advantage 滥用；妄用；误用n.1)辱骂；凌辱 2)滥用；妄用,Exercise,That official was dismissed because he was accused of _.因
36、为被控滥用职权，那位官员被撤了职。,abusing his power,_ has become one of the most serious social problems.滥用毒品已经成了最严重的社会问题之一。,The abuse of drugs,请完成下面的句子。,toss(Line 25,Para.4),v.1)to throw esp.in a careless or aimless way 扔，投，掷,Exercise,Those mischievous kids _.那些顽皮的孩子把球互相扔来扔去。,tossed the ball to each other,_ to dec
37、ide who would serve as the leader of the whole team.他们把一枚硬币抛向空中来决定谁来领导整个队伍。,They tossed a coin to the sky,请完成下面的句子。,v.2)to(cause to)move about continuously in an aimless or violent way 摇荡；颠簸,The ship tossed about in the stormy sea.,那条船在狂风暴雨中颠簸不已。,Translation,卡车在通往那个偏远村庄的崎岖道路上颠簸地行驶着。,The truck tossed
38、 in a rugged road leading to that remote village.,n.1)扔，投，掷;2)摇荡；颠簸的动作,quote(Line 33,Para.6),v.to repeat in speech or writing the words of(a person,a book,etc.);to mention an example to support an argument.引用的话;举例引证，引述,Exercise,He asked the newspaper reporter not to _ in the report of that road acci
39、dent.他要求记者在关于那起车祸的报道中不要引用他的话。,quote,请完成下面的句子。,his remark,Exercise,In his book he _.在他的书中，他引用了林肯的演说词。,quoted the speeches of Abraham,_“Every dog has his day”meaning that he would get a chance in life sometime.他引用谚语“凡人都有得意的一天”想说明总有一天他也会有机会。,He quoted the saying,请完成下面的句子。,Lincoln,_ in which such mistak
40、es had occurred.她列举了几宗发生过类似错误的实例。,She quoted several cases,词义辨析：cite与quote,cite:(1)speak or write(words taken from a passage,a book,an author);(2)mention as an example to support an argument,与quote做动词是同义词。但quote 指引用别人的原话。此外，quote也有“提到”的词义。cite可以是较简洁的，不一定是每字每句的引用.,Example,The author often cited/quote
41、d lessons of Bible in his writing.,那位作家在写作中经常引用圣经中的典故。,Example,他在演讲中提及了自己在越战中的亲身经历来让演讲更有说服力。,He quoted his personal experiences in the Vietnam War to make his speech more convincing.,她提到高失业率以说明政府政策的失败。,She cited the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of government policy.,n.quotati
42、on 引言，语录，引用,address(Line 33,Para.6),那位学者的精彩演讲自始至终让听众全神贯注。,That scholars wonderful address drew audiences attention all the way.,Translation,著名作家刘墉上周在我校做了一次成功的演讲。,Famous writer Liu Yong made a successful address in our schoollast week.,n.1)a formal speech made to a group of people(audience)who are ga
43、thered especially to listen 演讲,The old lady forgot to write the address on the envelope.,那位老太太忘了在信封上写地址了。,如果地址有变动，请通知我们。,Please notify us of any change of address.,n.2)the number of the building,name of the street and towns,etc.,where a person lives or works,esp.when written on a letter or parcel 地址
44、；住址,Translation,v.to direct speech or writing to(a person or group)演说；作书面谈话,Translation,老板不得不向不满的员工们发表讲话。,The boss had to address a hostile crowd of employees.,主教练的话是特别讲给队伍中的年轻队员听的。,The head coach addressed his remarks particularly to the young players in his team.,formulate(Line 11,Para.2 of Passag
45、e 2),v.1)choose particular words to express your thoughts or feelings 确切地表达（某思想）,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Holding the award in hand,_.在拿到奖项之后，面对鼓掌的观众，那位演员激动得几乎无法表达自己的感受。,The speech lasted nearly two hours,but the speaker seemed unable to _.演讲持续了将近两个小时，但是演讲者好像没有能够确切地表达自己在该问题上的态度。,formulate his attitude on
46、that issue,the actor was too exited,to formulate his feeling in front of the clapping,audience,Famous movie director Zhang Yimou is formulating an unique opening and closing ceremonies for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.,v.2)develop a plan or proposal,and decide all the details that will be done 构想，准备（计划
47、、方法等）,美国政府正在构想新的移民政策。,The US government is formulating a new immigration policy.,Translation,著名导演张艺谋正在为2008年北京奥运会构思独一无二的开闭幕式。,名词形式：formula n.公式,规则,go through(Line 13,Para.2 of Passage 2),to suffer or experience;endure 经历,经受,尽管经历过艰难的岁月，他依旧保持着乐观的心态。,Both countries have gone through the economic depres
48、sions.,两个国家都经历过那次经济萧条。,Translation,Although having gone through hard times,he still kept an optimistic mind.,2)to finish;get through 完成；做完,Translation,His nephew has already gone through the loanbecause of the bankruptcy.,你把所有家庭作业都做完了吗？,Have you gone through all your homework?,因为破产，他的外甥已经用光了所有的贷款。,动
49、词 go 的主要短语包括：,go after(v.),追逐,追求,go against(v.),反对,违反；不利于,go by(v.),(从.旁)走过；依照；顺便走访,go down(v.),下去,下沉,坠落,下降,；平静下来,被咽下；被接受；传下去,go into(v.),进入,加入；探究；变得,go out(v.),出去；熄灭；过时；罢工；倒塌,pop into ones mind(Line 17,Para.3 of Passage 2),涌现到的脑海中,Translation,Those past events in her childhood popped into her mind
50、again.,看到那张老照片，一连串熟悉的名字涌现到他的脑海中。,Seeing the old picture,a string of familiar names popped into his mind.,那些童年的往事再次跃入她的脑海之中。,pop,Translation,Pop down to the supermarket and get some fruits.,那个陌生人刚刚出去不到几分钟。,The stranger just popped out for a few minutes.,到超市去买一些水果来。,v.1)to go or come suddenly,quickly,
