有机合成专业英语一.ppt

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1、Alcohol Retrosynthetic Analysis,实例分析13:羧酸的逆合成分析,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),D-A反应是形成六元环的重要方法,实例分析14:羧酸衍生物的逆合成分析,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析15:烷烃的拟合成分析,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),对于烷烃的合成,尝试增加双键是个不错的选择,需要把握分支点,实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架b-羟基羰基化合物a,b-不饱和羰基化合物b-二羰基化合物,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),

2、实例分析18:1,3-位氧化了的碳架b-羟基羰基化合物,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),1,2-氧化了的碳架切断得到不合逻辑的片段,实例分析19:1,3-位氧化了的碳架a,b-不饱和羰基化合物,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),无a-氢的醛,具有a-氢的羰基酸,以上主要利用Aldol反应和Aldol缩合,实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、酮酯缩合、b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),该路线更优,实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、

3、酮酯缩合、b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),芳基卤代物进行亲核取代反应需要特殊的条件,实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、酮酯缩合、b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),a-氢活性更高,合成中需要控制,使用Reformatsky反应是合适的,实例分析:1,3-位氧化了的碳架TM24的商品生产按以下合成路线进行:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Anal

4、ysis),扩瞳剂,实例分析:1,5-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),选择 a 或 b 视具体目标物的结构特点而定,有时这种选择是容易的。,实例分析:1,5-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),TM25和TM26共同的特征是结构中具有合适的活化基团,有助于切断点的选择,实例分析:1,5-位氧化了的碳架在适当的时候可以考虑引入活化基团,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析:1,5-位氧化了的碳架有时可以使用Mannich反应,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Anal

5、ysis),实例分析:1,2-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),安息香缩合是首选反应,从烯烃出发是合适的途径还有酮的双分子还原偶联,氰根离子对羰基化合物的加成,实例分析:1,4-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),B 片段是一个极性反转的酮,常使用a-卤代酮 并且常使用烯胺作为 A 片段的替代物,实例分析29:1,4-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),但是在碱性条件下,酮和a-卤代酮会发生Darzens反应,产物将是a,b-环氧酯,实例分析29:1,4-位氧化了的碳

6、架TM29的实际合成路线如下:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析:1,6-位氧化了的碳架可以转化为环己烯类化合物进行逆合成设计,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析32:茉莉酮,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析32:茉莉酮,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实际生产的合成路线,实例分析33:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析34:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析35和36:巧妙运用

7、重排,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析37:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),实例分析38:,逆合成分析(Retrosynthetic Analysis),Organic synthesis,The aims of this course1 Get familiar with chemistry English2 solidify your organic synthesis skill,Chemists for Hire:Have Flask,Will Travel,The components of your final

8、score,1.experiment(30%)2 homework(20%)3 final term examination(50%),The experiments for your choices,饲料添加剂喹乙醇的合成2-氯三乙胺的合成,IUPAC nomenclature,Prefix-parent-suffixPrefix:Where are the substituentsparent:How many carbonssuffix:What family,2-chloro-5-methylhexanal,Straight-chain alkane,Methane,Ethane,Pr

9、opane,butane,pentane,hexane,heptane,octane,nonane,decane,Branched-chain alkanes,1.Find and name the longest carbon chain stem2.Identify substituents 3.Number longest carbon chain to give lowest numbering for substituents,4.Allocate a number to every substituent5.List substituents in alphabetical ord

10、erIdentical side chains are indicated by using prefixes:di(2),tri(3),tetra(4)etc,Consider the following heptane compound:,1.parent:Pentane,2.substituents;Methyl,3.2,3=position,Name:2,3-dimethylpentane,Alkyl group,Primary伯(the C joined to only one other carbon)Secondary 仲(to two other Cs,as in the se

11、c-butyl group)Tertiary叔(as in the tert-butyl group)Quarternary季.,Normal正 hydrocarbons(unbranched):n-hexane or hexane Iso异 isopropyl Cyclo(环)propyl,ExerciseWrite the structural formula for each of the following compounds:1.2-methylbutane 2.2-chloropentane 3.isobutane(common name)4.2,2,4-trimethylpent

12、ane,Alkenes(烯烃)(CnH2n),1.-ene suffix for alkenes2.Main chain must include the double bond.3.position of double bond indicated by prefix numbering location.2-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene,More on Alkenes,Geometric Isomers(几何异构体)Cant rotate the double bond which makes Geometric isomers.Cis-2-butene trans-2

13、-butene(Z)-2-butene(E)-2-butene,Common system of alkene,The ane ending of the saturated hydrocarbon name is replaced by ylene for the alkene.ethylene 乙基烯(ethene),propylene(propene),The common names of two unsaturated groups,Alkyne(CnH2n-2),1.-yne suffix for alkynes2.Nomenclature rules are similar to

14、 that of alkenes3-ethyl-4-methyl-1-hexyne,common system for alkyne,The ane ending of the saturated hydrocarbon name is replaced by acetyleneacetylene乙炔(ethyne)methylacetylene(propyne)vinylacetylene(1-buten-3-yne).,Aromatic hydrocarbons,1.Monosubstited benzene“benzene”as a suffix.the added groups are

15、 referred to as substituents,nitrobenzene,ethylbenzene,bromobenzene,2.Disubstituted benzene,The three possibilities are designated as ortho(abbreviated o-),meta(m-),and para(p-),Common derivatives,3.Three or more substituted groups,Requires lowest position schemeNumbers are always used to locate the

16、 substituents,2-chloro-1,4-dinitrobenzene,Two aromatic groups,Phenyl,benzyl,Name the following compound,3-phenyloctane,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Numbers are assigned by convention to carbon atoms,1,4-dimethylnaphthalene.,3.nomenclature for functional groups,halo(-X)hydroxyl(-OH)alkoxy(-OR)for

17、myl(-CHO)carbonyl or keto or oxo(-CO-)amino RnNH3-n,carboxyl(-COOH)amide(-CONH2)carbonyl halide(-COX)anhydride(-COOCOR)ester(-COOR)nitro(-NO2)sulfonic acid(-SO3H)cyano(-CN;nitrile RCN).,Named in the same way as alkane,2-bromo-3-chlorobutane,Alkyl or aryl halides(RX or ArX),Alcohols(R-OH),prefix+endi

18、ng-ol,ethanol,1,2-ethanediol,1,2,3-propanetriol(glycerol),Ethers,1.Substitutive way:name as alkoxy derivatives of alkanes,methoxyethane,ethoxyethane,2.Functional Class way,1)The groups attached to oxygen listed in alphabetical order 2)ether as the last word,diethyl ether,ethyl methyl ether,Sulfides,

19、1.Substitutive way:as alkylthio derivatives of alkanes,methylthioethane,ethylthioethane,2.Functional Class way,Analogous to ethers:replace“ether”by“sulfide.”,Ethyl methyl sulfide,diethyl sulfide,Amine Compound,Naming as amine,methanamine,N-methylethanamine,Alkanals and alkanones,Propanal,3-pentanone

20、,Naming of alkanals and alkanonesprefix+ending al,one repectively,Carboxylic Acid,heptanoic acid,Naming Carboxylic Acid prefix+ending oic acid,acyl group and add the word chloride,fluoride,bromide,or iodide as appropriate.,Acyl Halides,butanoyl chloride,acyl groups(-oic)+anhydride,Acid Anhydrides,be

21、nzoic anhydride,benzoic heptanoic anhydride,name as alkyl+alkanoates,Acid Esters,ethyl acetate,methyl propanoate,replace the-ic acid or-oic acid ending by-amide,Amides,3-methylbutanamide,Cyanides,Way 1:-nitrile as the suffix,Way 2:name as an alkyl cyanide,2-methylpropanenitrileor:isopropyl cyanide,作业写出下列物质的英文对应名,1、甲烷 2、乙醇3、丙酸 4、乙酸乙酯5、乙酰氯 6、苯胺7、乙醚 8、苯酚,2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate,

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