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1、Unit2 Healthy eating,话题：1.Problems with diet(饮食问题)2.Balanced diet and nutrition(平衡膳食与营养)功能：1.Suggestions and advice(建议和劝告)2.Seeing the doctor(看医生)3.Agreement and disagreement(同意与不同意)语法：Modal verbs()（情态动词）重点单词：diet，energy，digest，balance，fry，ought，slim，curiosity，raw，lie，customer，strength，consult，debt，
2、glare，limit，limited，benefit，discount，sigh，combine,重点短语：be/go on a diet，ought to，lose weight，get away with，tell a lie/lies，win.back，in debt，spy on，cut down,before long,earn ones living，put on weight,glare at,benefit from重点句型1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.2.“Nothing co
3、uld be better，”he thought.3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！4.Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.,要点一：重点单词1.diet n.日常饮食；规定饮食；vi.节食归纳拓展keep a balanced diet保持饮食平衡be/go on a diet 节食put sb.on a diet限制某人的饮食
4、,知识与要点,People who are on a diet mustnt have chocolate.正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。No sugar in my coffee，please.Im dieting.请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。,知识与要点,同类辨析diet 与 food（1）diet 指“惯常的或规定的食物”，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，又指疗养时规定的食物。常用于表示病人、犯人、减肥者等的食物。它是可数名词，其前需加不定冠词。（2）food 一般用语，凡是能吃能喝的具有营养的东西都可称为 food。它是不可数名词，但在表示食品的不同种类时，可以用复数。,知识与要点,T
5、he doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了一套特殊的饮食。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须要有食物吃，有衣服穿。,知识与要点,【链接训练】用 diet 和 food 填空The Chinese_is considered to be the healthiest in the world.People eat different kinds of_which can change into energy.The sick man cant live without._，but
6、he must have a_without sugar.【答案】diet food food;diet,知识与要点,2.balance n.天平；平衡；余额；v.平衡；权衡归纳拓展（1）keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡，心慌意乱off balance 失去平衡的；没有站稳定的on balance 考虑过一切以后，总的说来a sense of balance平衡感keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B平衡（2）balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B（3）balanced adj.保持平衡
7、的,知识与要点,He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。I think on balance I prefer the new system.总的说来，我觉得自己更喜欢新体制。You should balance the advantages against the disadvantages before your final decision.在作出决定之前，你一定要权衡利弊。,知识与要点,【链接训练】If you want to learn skating，it is important to le
8、arn_yourself.A.to keep to balanceB.to keep balancingC.to keep skatingD.to keep to skate【解析】考查动词balance的用法和句意理解。因为从选项中看，在结构方面B、C两项均是正确的，keep后面须接动名词。对于学习滑冰而言，坚持练习固然重要，但更重要的是学会保持平衡。而C项的意思是“学会不断地滑”，显然不合句意，故答案为B。【答案】B,知识与要点,3.lie（1）n.谎话；谎言a white lie 善意的谎言tell a lie/lies to sb.对某人说谎（2）v.说谎（lie-lied-lied-
9、lying）lie to sb.向某人说谎（3）vi.位于，躺（lie-lay-lain-lying）lie down 躺下There lies.某地有,知识与要点,诱导展望（1）当lie表示“位于”时，lie in指“位于范围内”；lie on指“与相邻；接壤；紧挨着”；lie to指“不接壤；隔相望”。（2）lay vt.放；搁；下（蛋）；产（卵）（laid-laid-laying）lay the table for dinner 摆桌子吃饭lay eggs 下蛋,知识与要点,It is no wonder that she lied to the court.难怪她对法庭撒了谎。Sich
10、uan lies in the southwest of China.四川位于中国的西南部。She would lie awake at nights worrying.她老是在夜里睁着眼躺着，忧心忡忡。The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table.躺在那里的那个人撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。,知识与要点,【链接训练】The boy_on the ground_that he had seen a cock_an egg.A.laying；lay；layB.lying；lie；lieC.lying；lied；la
11、yD.lay；lying；lay【解析】第一空应用现在分词表示“躺”的意思，作后置定语；第二空为谓语动词，作“撒谎”讲；第三空意为“产卵，下蛋”，用不带to的不定式作宾补。【答案】C,知识与要点,Its not right to_a lie,whenever and wherever.A.tellB.speakC.sayD.talk【解析】tell a lie意为“说谎”，是固定用法。【答案】A,知识与要点,4.strength n.U力气，力量；C强项，长处；优点归纳拓展（1）strong（adj.）强壮的strength（n.）力量strengthen（v.）加强；增强strengthle
12、ss（adj.）无力的（2）相关短语build up ones strength增强实力/体力at full strength满员，满额in（great）strength人多势众地,知识与要点,He pushed against the rock with all his strength.他用全力推那块石头。It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。We should know our strengths as well as weaknesses.我们不仅应当了解我们的缺点
13、，也应了解我们的优点。,知识与要点,同类辨析strength，energy，force 与 power这组同义词都与“力”有关，其区别是：（1）strength 指“（物的）强度、（人的）力气”，尤指承受重物的“力量”，还可指人的“强项、长处”。（2）energy 指物理定义“能”。用于人时，指人的精力、活力、工作能力，还可指“能量、能源”。（3）force 指物理学意义上的“力”，尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的“力”；也指为做成某事而使用的“力量”，还可指武力、强制力、效力。还可引申为“兵力、军队”。（4）power 可指一切内存的、外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为势力、政权；也指电力、
14、动力、功率。,知识与要点,I didnt have the strength to get out of bed.我没有力气下床。Young people usually have more energy than the old.年轻人比老年人精力更充沛。The force of the explosion broke all the windows.爆炸力把窗子都震碎了。Congress has power to declare war.国会有权宣战。,知识与要点,【链接训练】Competition，they believe._，the national character rather
15、than corrupt it.A.enforcesB.confirmsC.accordsD.strengthens【解析】enforce意为“强迫”，confirm意为“确认”，strengthen意为“加强”，accord意为“符合，协调，使一致”。句意为：他们相信竞争能增强民族的品性，而不是使它堕落。由此可知选D。【答案】D,知识与要点,5.consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找归纳拓展（1）consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有关的事consult(with)sb.(about/on sth.)（就某事）与某人商量consult a dict
16、ionary for the meaning of a word查辞典找某词的词义（2）consultant n.顾问consultation n.咨询，商讨，协商,知识与要点,If the pain continues,consult your doctor without delay.如果疼痛持续不停，要立即请医生诊治。An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes.越来越多的客户向他们咨询有关社会保障制度的变化。Have you consulted a dictionary
17、?你查过辞典了吗？The minister today had consultations with the president.那个部长今日与总统进行了磋商。,知识与要点,【链接训练】The experts consulted_each other_how to reduce the loss caused by the earthquake in Yushu.A.with;aboutB.to;onC.for;atD.with;with【解析】consult with sb.about sth.意为“就某事与某人商量”。句意为：专家们就如何减少玉树大地震造成的损失而相互商量。【答案】A,知识
18、与要点,Before going on a diet,it is advisable to_your doctor.A.tellB.ConsultC.look upD.refer to【解析】句意为：节食之前，最好先向医生咨询。tell“告诉”，后跟双宾语；consult“请教，咨询”；look up“在（词典等）中查看”；refer to“谈到，提及，参考/查阅（资料），与有关”。【答案】B,知识与要点,6.limit n.界限，限度vt.限制，限定归纳拓展（1）go beyond/over the limit超过限度within the limits of在的范围内set a limit
19、to/on=put a limit on.对规定限度（2）limit sth.to sth.把限定在范围内（3）limitation n.限制；局限limitless adj.无限的，无限制的limited adj.有限（制）的be limited to sth.受制于某事,知识与要点,Im willing to help you,within limits.我愿意帮你的忙，可有一定限度。The EU has set a strict limit on levels of pollution.欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。There is a limit to ones life,but no
20、 limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。,知识与要点,We must limit the expense to 10 pounds.我们必须把费用限制在10英镑以内。Families are limited to four free tickets each.每户限发四张免费票。My life is limited,but learning is limitless.吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。,知识与要点,【链接训练】Because of the small size of this primary school，it only admi
21、ts a_number of children.A.limitedB.MinimumC.certainD.confined【解析】此处用limited表示“有限的”。【答案】A,知识与要点,There was not much time left,so the speaker was asked to_his speech to ten minutes.A.makeB.LimitC.doD.give【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：剩下的时间不多了，因此演讲者被要求把演讲限制到十分钟。【答案】B,知识与要点,7.benefit vt.使受益vi.受益于n.利益，好处，优势归纳拓展（1）benefi
22、ts（pl.）津贴，救济金beneficial adj.有益的，受益的（2）benefit from/by.从受益，得益于benefit sb./sth.对某人/某物有益for the benefit of sb.=for ones benefit为了的好处，得益于be of(much,great)benefit to=be beneficial to 对有益to ones benefit 对某人有益的是,知识与要点,The discovery of coal brought many benefits to the town.煤的发现给这个城镇带来了许多好处。The crops benefi
23、ted from the rain.庄稼得益于这场雨。It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。He was travelling for the benefit of his health.为了身体健康，他出去旅行了。Fresh air and vegetables are beneficial to health.新鲜空气和蔬菜有益于健康。,知识与要点,【链接训练】The fresh air_our health and we_it.A.benefits to;benefitB.benefits;b
24、enefit fromC.benefits from;benefitD.benefits;are benefited by【解析】考查动词benefit的用法。benefit作及物动词时，意为“对有益，对有好处”；作不及物动词时，后加介词from，表示“从中获益”。句意为：新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处，我们受益于新鲜空气。【答案】B,知识与要点,bine vt.&vi.（使）结合，（使）联合；（使）化合归纳拓展（1）combine.with/and.将与结合在一起（2）combination n.联合；化合；结合a combination of.一种的结合（物）in combination wi
25、th与联合起来；在联合中（3）combined adj.共同的，联合的be combined with与相结合,知识与要点,Some films combine education with recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合了起来。A combination of factors led to her decision to resign.综合各种因素之后她决定辞职。Theory should be in combination with practice.理论应和实践相结合。,知识与要点,同类辨析combine,connect，join与unite（1）combine指两个或两
26、个以上的人或物结合在一起，是指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一体，在这一过程中每个个体的特性也随之消失，意为“合并，联合”。（2）connect表示“连接，结合”，指两者相互连接，但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态，强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。（3）join侧重把原来不相连的事物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。（4）unite指许多的个体由于共同的目的或性质联合、团结、结合在一起，构成一个整体。,知识与要点,The two small shops combined to make a large one.这两个小店合并起
27、来成为了一个大商店。The two villages are connected by the river.这条河把两个村子连在一起。The two parties were united in fighting against foreign invasion.在抵抗外国侵略这一点上，两个政党联合起来了。Two extra carriages were joined onto the train at York.列车在约克又挂上了两节车厢。,知识与要点,【链接训练】If your knowledge can be in some way_with my experience,we are s
28、ure to succeed.A.joinedB.ConnectedC.unitedD.combined【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：如果把你的知识与我的经验在一定程度上结合在一起，我们一定能成功。combine指两个或多个的人或物结合在一起，是指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一体，意为“合并，联合”。join强调“把分离的东西合并为一体”；unite强调“联合后形成新的整体，统一行动”；connect指“两个不同的、分离着的事物在某一点上相互接触，但各自仍保持原有的独立性”。【答案】D,知识与要点,要点二：重点短语与句型1.get away with（1）不因（做了某事）受处罚；被放过He
29、 was so lucky to get away with only a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只被罚款了事。（2）偷偷携带某物潜逃；偷走Thieves got away with computer equipment worth$30,000.盗贼偷走了价值3万美元的计算机设备。,知识与要点,归纳拓展get about 走动；旅行；（消息等）传开来get on/along well with.与相处得好；进展得好get in touch with.与取得联系get into the habit of.染上的习惯get in
30、to trouble 陷入困境get out（of.）（使）出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱,知识与要点,【链接训练】Dont be tempted to cheatyoull never_it.A.get away withB.get away fromC.get out of D.get behind with【解析】get away with意为“做了某事而不受惩罚；偷偷携带跑掉”，符合题意。get away from意为“逃脱；逃离”；get out of意为“逃脱，摆脱”；get behind with意为“落后；拖欠”。句意为：别想着作弊作弊者逃脱不了惩罚。【答案】A,知识与要点,2.in
31、debt欠债，欠账，负债归纳拓展（1）in debt中in表示“处于状态中”，debt前不加任何冠词。（2）go/get/run into debt 负债be in heavy debt负债累累be out of debt不欠债（状态）pay off all the debts 还清债务（动作）be in sb.s debt=be in debt to sb.欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人（3）类似短语：in trouble处于困境中in danger处于危险中in order有秩序地in surprise惊奇地in touch保持联系,知识与要点,Im in heavy debt a
32、t the moment，but I hope to be out of debt when I get paid.现在我欠债很多，但希望在发了工资后能还清。Its easier to get into debt than get out of it.欠债容易还债难。You saved my life；I am in debt to you forever.你救了我的命，我永远感恩不尽。,知识与要点,【链接训练】Ill always be_to you for your help.A.in debtB.debtC.running into debtD.debts【解析】be in debt t
33、o sb.固定短语，“欠某人的人情”。【答案】A,知识与要点,After ten years of hard work,they at last got _.A.out of debtB.into debtC.in debtD.out of debts【解析】get out of debt“还清债务”，get into debt“背上债务”。句意为：经过十年的艰辛劳作，他们终于还清了债务。因此可排除B、C两项，D项的表达形式错误。【答案】A,知识与要点,3.cut down（1）砍倒；杀死；夺去的生命；损害的健康Trees used to be cut down for firewood in
34、 the past.在过去，树木常常被砍伐做木柴。In the old society,hunger,cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.在旧社会，饥饿、寒冷和疾病夺去了村子里许多人的生命。,知识与要点,（2）减少，缩减；改小或裁短衣服The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.医生劝他少喝酒。My mother cut down my fathers trousers to fit me.我母亲把父亲的裤子改小了给我穿。We might cut the book down to a
35、 little over a hundred pages.我们可以把这本书的页码缩减到一百页多点儿。,知识与要点,归纳拓展cut away切除，剪去cut up切碎；齐根切掉；使丧气，使痛心cut off切断，中断cut out删（省）掉，戒掉cut in插嘴，突然插入cut through剪断；贯穿cut across绕近道穿过；超过,知识与要点,【链接训练】On account of the development of the economy,the environment is seriously polluted and we must _ the emission of the c
36、arbon dioxide.Acut inBcut offCcut upDcut down【解析】此题考查动词短语cut down“减少；削减”的用法，相当于reduce。句意为：由于经济的发展，环境遭到了严重的污染，我们必须减少二氧化碳的排放量。【答案】D,知识与要点,4.“Nothing could be better，”he thought.他想：“再没有比这些更好的了”。（1）此句中形容词（或副词）的比较级 better 与否定词 nothing 连用，表示最高级的含义。常用的否定词有 no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly 等。（2）另外，否定词+so+
37、adj./adv.原级+as也表示最高级。（3）nothing（或no）+比较级+than.可表示最高级含义。,知识与要点,（4）最高级的表达方式形容词最高级前要有物主代词、所有格形式或定冠词the；若没有限定词或有不定冠词，不表示最高级意义，仅表示“很”。可用比较级形式表达最高级意义，但要注意把主语排除在比较范围之外。,知识与要点,知识与要点,I cant think of a better idea.我想不出一个更好的方法。No one is so deaf as those who wont listen.最聋者莫过于不听劝说的人。I think nothing is more plea
38、sant than travelling.我想没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的事了。Bill runs faster thanany other boyany of the other boys in his class.在班里比尔跑得比别的男孩都快。,知识与要点,【链接训练】Its a fine day today for an outing.We cant hope for_at this time of the year.A.a nice dayB.a nicer dayC.the nicer dayD.the nicest day【解析】句意为：今天是一个好天，适合外出。我们在一年中的这个时
39、候别想有比今天更好的天气了。比较级nicer与题干中的否定词cant连用，其意义表示最高级。【答案】B,知识与要点,要点三：语法：情态动词（）1.ought to和ought not to（1）ought没有人称、数和时态的变化，只有一个形式，后接带to的不定式，意为“应该，应当”，表示“责任，义务，劝告，可能性”等，有时含有责备的意味，语气上比should强。You ought to take care of your parents.你应该照顾你的父母。注意：ought to还可以表推论，用来表示我们的猜测或得出的结论：某件事是很有可能的（因为它合乎逻辑或是正常的）。,知识与要点,Henr
40、y ought to be here soonhe left home at six.亨利应该很快就到了他六点钟就从家里出发了。（2）ought to的否定式为“ought not to”，后面跟动词原形，缩写为oughtnt to。其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。He ought not（oughtnt）to tell her the news.他不该把这个消息告诉她。Ought I to go?我该去吗？Yes,you ought to.对，你应该（去）。（3）在反意疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以：Bob ought to be at home now,shouldnt/ought
41、nt he？鲍勃现在应该在家，不是吗？,知识与要点,2.have to，dont have to和mustnt（1）have to表示客观需要，即周围的环境、习惯、协约等诸如此类的东西，要求某人“不得不做某事”。Its too late,I have to leave now.天太晚了，我现在必须离开了。(2)have to由于是由“have+to”构成，因此它有过去时had to和将来时will have to,且现在时中也有人称和数的变化。I had to leave yesterday.昨天我不得不离开。We wont have to start next week.我们没有必要下周就开
42、始。,知识与要点,(3)have to的否定式及疑问式通常借助于助动词do来表达，也可以把have看作助动词。Did you have to tell him about that?你必须把那件事告诉他吗？I havent to leave until seven.我可以等到七点再离开。（4）have to的否定式dont have to表示没有义务或必要做某事，意为“不必”，常可以回答must提问的疑问句。而must的否定式mustnt主要指说话人主观的命令或强烈的劝告。,知识与要点,Do we have to finish this today?我们今天一定得完成这项工作吗？Yes,you
43、 must./No,you dont have to.对，必须完成。/不，没有必要。,知识与要点,3.need和needntneed“需要，必要”，既可用作情态动词，也可作实义动词。（1）用作情态动词，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句。Need I do it at once？我需要马上做这件事吗？Theres plenty of time.We neednt drive so fast.时间很充足，我们不必开这么快。,知识与要点,（2）用作实义动词，有动词的各种形式变化，可用于一切句式。其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do
44、或does。He needs our help.他需要我们的帮助。The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。We dont need to tell him the truth.我们没必要告诉他真相。,知识与要点,诱导展望由于用作情态动词的need通常不用于肯定句，所以对于以need开头的疑问句的否定回答可用neednt，但是肯定回答却不能用Yes，I need.之类的，而常用Yes，I must.来回答。Need you go now？你需要现在就走吗？Yes,I must.是的，我必须现在就走。No，
45、I neednt.不，不必。,知识与要点,4.在运用情态动词时应注意以下几点：“情态动词+have done”是历年高考的热点之一，可对过去的动作表示推测，责备，怀疑等多种意义。现将这种结构的主要用法归纳如下：（1）must+have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测，意为“想必或肯定（已经）做了某事”。The ground is rather wet，so it must have rained last night.地面很湿，所以昨晚一定是下雨了。（2）may/might+have done表示对过去情况或所发生事情的推测，意为“可能/大概（已经）做了某事”。Tom may have
46、gone to Shanghai，but Im still not sure about it.汤姆可能去上海了，但我仍不确定。,知识与要点,（3）can/could+have done表示过去没有实现，意为“本来可以做，事实上去没有做”。I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel.我上个月去了纽约，我们住在一家不错的旅馆里。Oh，you could have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.噢，你该住在芭芭拉家的
47、。她总是愿意帮你的忙。cant/couldnt/mightnt have done表示对过去情况的否定性推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事”。其中can表示的可能性最大。,知识与要点,He cant/couldnt have finished so much work in so short a time.他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。在疑问句中can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性推测，表示“可能已经了吗？”Someone must have broken into our bedroom.Who could have done it？一定是有人进了我们的卧室，谁会那样做呢？,知
48、识与要点,（4）should/ought to+have done意为“过去本该做某事而实际上没有做”，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it was too late.我很后悔浪费了应该用在学习上的时间，但为时已晚。shouldnt/oughtnt to+have done意为“过去不该做某事却已经做了”，表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at
49、 that moment.那时，我不该对你那样说，十分抱歉。,知识与要点,（5）neednt+have done表示原本不必做某事却已经做了，意为“本不必，没有必要”。Your home is not far from your school，so you neednt have left in such a hurry then.你家离学校不远，所以你当时不必那么急着离开。,知识与要点,【链接训练】You_to town to see the film yesterday.It will be on TV tonight.A.neednt goB.had better not goC.sho
50、uld not goD.neednt have gone【解析】neednt have done“本不必做某事”。句意为：昨天你本不必到城里去看电影，今天电视上将会放映。【答案】D,知识与要点,You didnt invite Mary to the party？_her，too？A.Must I inviteB.Should I have invitedC.Must I have invitedD.Should I invite【解析】根据题干的时态判断，可知此题叙述的是过去的情况，所以可排除A和D。而must have done没有疑问形式。故正确答案为B。句意为我也应该邀请她吗？【答案】
