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1、第二单元 词类转译法（转性法）,1.Conversion into Verbs,Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。,Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断的消耗美国的资源。（名词转为动词）The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。（名词转为动词）
2、Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.每天早上，她都要去湖区散步。（名词转为动词）,1)Nouns converted into verbs,The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已被用来探索宇宙。I think my little b
3、rother is a better teacher than I.我认为我的小弟弟比我教得好。,2)Prepositions Converted into Verbs,“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the verandah,and into the porch.“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps
4、.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。,Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are family off poverty.千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。(介词转为动词)He came to my home for help.他来到我家，请求帮助。（介词转为动词）At noon,she came home for lunch.中午，她回家吃午饭。（介词转为动
5、词）The people are with him.人民拥护他。（介词转为动词）The women,with her two daughters,arrived.这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（介词转为动词）,He caught the ball with his left hand.他用左手接球。（介词转为动词）He was away before dawn.他是黎明前出发的。（介词转为动词）Everyone was away for holiday.大家都去度假了。（介词转为动词）What are you after?你追求什么？（介词转为动词）,3)Adjectives Converted
6、 into Verbs,confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,etc,Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint
7、.But I had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。Both of the substances are soluble in water.两种物质都能溶于水。,It was a very informative meeting.会上透露了很多信息。（形容词转为动词）,4)Adverbs Converted into Verbs,As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋。When the switch is off,the circuit is open and el
8、ectricity doesnt go through.当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.这种情况下，炉温就升高。,2.Conversion into Nouns,1)Verbs converted into Nouns,Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。To them,he personified the absolute
9、 power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。The design aims at automatic operation,easy regulation,simple maintenance and high productivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。,2)Adjectives Converted into Nouns,They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。Both the compounds are acids,the former is stron
10、g,the latter weak.这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。In the fission process the fission fragments are very radioactive.在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。,3)Pronouns Converted into Nouns,Radio waves are similar to light waves excepts that their wavelength is much greater.无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。The specific resistance of iron i
11、s not so small as that of copper.铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones.这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。,3.Conversion into Adjectives,1)Nouns into Adjectives,The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。This ex
12、periment was a success.这个实验很成功。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。,2)Adverbs Converted into Adjectives,Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic.人们已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。The pressure inside equals the pres
13、sure outside.内部的压力和外部的压力相等。He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但心智健全。,4.Conversion into Adverbs,1)Adjectives Converted into Adverbs,Below 4C,water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。Only when we study their properties can we make better us
14、e of the materials.只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。,2)Nouns and Verbs Converted into Adverbs,I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the
15、city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface tends to make the steam wet.加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。,5.Conversion of Sentence Elements,As the match burns,heat and light are given off.火柴燃烧时发出光和热。This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.这种石头的相对密度是2.7。Care must be tak
16、en at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp.应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。,Verbs converted into nouns,他总是喝很多酒。He is a great drinker.他这个人最爱说话了。He is a great talker.他妹妹老是说谎。His sister is a great liar.（我儿子拉洋车。（老舍：柳家大院）My son is a rickshaw puller,很难把这一部小说列入哪一个类型中去。This novel defies easy classif
17、ication.他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。They taught us the value of an opportunity.他长期以来习惯在最后一分钟作出决定。He has long been used to last-minute decision.她对他们越来越憎恨。Her hatred for them grew more.,Verbs converted into preps,11点时，他已睡在被窝里。He was between sheets by eleven.他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。He wrote down his own name on the wall wi
18、th his finger.许多学生反对他。Many students are against him.我永远支持你。Remember that I am always with you.,Verbs converted into adjs,那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。That fellow is very talkative.他读书时不加选择。He is indiscriminate in reading.他们迫切地想弄到消息。They were news-hungry.,Verbs converted into advs,你们现在得走了。You must be off now.演出已经开
19、始了。The performance is on.,Nouns converted into advs,这家报纸的社论说，拒不解决夫妻分居两地的问题，是同中央的精神背道而驰的。The paper said editorially that it is against the spirit of the Central Committee of our Party to refuse to solve the problem of husband and wife living in two separate places.,Adjs converted into nouns,她非常漂亮。She is a real beauty.那个家伙笨得出奇。That fellow is a typical fool.你说他傻不傻？Dont you think hes an idiot?,
