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1、Unit 5-2 常用翻译技巧二:词性与结构的转换,“词性和结构的转换”是指译文中的词语和原文中的词语在类别、性质上发生了转换,或者是相关成分在句子结构中发生了改变。此译法是翻译中最为常用的变通手段，是突破原文词法、句法格局，化阻滞为通达的重要方法。离开必要的词性转换，势必会导致生硬拗口甚至是晦涩难懂的译文。转换词性要本着忠实于原文含义、有助于译文通顺流畅原则。,从理论上说：词性的转换没有限制。比如：名词可以转换成动词、形容词、副词等，动词可又转换成名词、动词等，不一而足。,从实践上说：英汉语的词性转换也有一定规律。最明显的一点是,英语较喜欢多用名词和介词，而汉语则多用动词。,(Part-of
2、-speech and Structural Transformations),1、The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion,and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy.,她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐高兴地一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花。(名词动词),2、Tesss pride would not allow her to turn her head again,to learn what her father s meaning w
3、as,if he had any,苔丝出于自尊，不愿再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂，如果他真的在搞什么名堂的话(名词动词),English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by Wei Jianhua.All Rights Reserved,3.I saw that his face was pale.I followed his eyes across the room to a Woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers.,我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光，看到
4、餐厅那边有个女人 端着托盘（在）给几位客人上饮料。（介词动词）,4.Father passed his hand over his face.,父亲用手摸了摸脸。（介词动词）,5.He is admired by everybody.,大家都很敬佩他。（被动主动；主语宾语）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by Wei Jianhua.All Rights Reserved,4.Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill,Einstein and Gand
5、hi.,在这些照片中我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往。（主语状语；名词介词短语）,5.He drew a deep breath.,他深深地吸了一口气。（定语状语；形容词副词）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by Wei Jianhua.All Rights Reserved,4）For a long time,China has dreamed of opening its doors and inviting the worlds athletes to Beijing for the Olymp
6、ic Games.(Jacques Rogge,Olympic Committee president）,很久以来，中国一直梦想着打开国门，邀请世界各地的运动员来北京参加奥运会。(国际奥委会主席雅克罗格)（介词动语),English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by Wei Jianhua All Rights Reserved,P.S.倒译与顺译,倒译：即与原文的语序相反,是语法上的需要。顺译：即与原文的语序相同（此处略）。,1.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will ha
7、ve independent finances.,香港特别行政区将保持财政独立。（形、名倒译）,2.Advance was slow,however,because of the powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas.,然而，由于科学方法和科学理论的抵触非常顽强，这一进展非常缓慢。（状语及状语从句与主句位置提前）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by Wei Jianhua All Rights Reserved,科学家必须接受事实，即使这些事实并非他们所
8、希望看到的。（主宾颠倒；后一句也可译成“即使他们不情愿见到这些事实”，但语气稍重些。）,3.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.,好几个星期以来，愤怒和痛苦一直在折磨着我，激烈的挣扎过后则是深深的疲惫。（由于动词的原因，根据汉语习惯，该词前后的内容进行了倒译，同时介词短语for weeks 也进行了倒译）,4.Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different.,
