《美国名人 作家 苏珊·桑塔格.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国名人 作家 苏珊·桑塔格.docx（4页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、美国名人作家苏珊桑塔格SusanSontag:OneofAmericasMostInfluential20th-CenturyThinkersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:57repeatByJiIIMoss2006-3-11(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellaboutawriterwhohelpedinfluencemodernculture.HernamewasSusanSontag.(MU
2、SIC)VOICEONE:SusanSontagwasconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialliberalthinkersintheUnitedStatesduringthetwentiethcentury.Shewroteseventeenbooks.Theyhavebeentranslatedintothirtylanguages.Theyincludenovels,shortstories,essaysandfilmscripts.Shewasalsoafilmmaker;playwrightandtheaterdirector.Andshewasahuman
3、rightsandanti-waractivist.Shewassaidtoownfifteenthousandbooksinherpersonallibraryinherhome.ShewasbornSusanRosenblattinNewYorkCityinnineteenthirty-three.Herfather,JackRosenblatt,wasatraderinChina.SusansmotherspentmostofhertimeinChinawithherhusband.FamilymembersraisedSusanandheryoungersistecJudithzwhe
4、ntheywereveryyoung.WhenSusanwasfive,herfatherdiedoftuberculosis.HermotherreturnedfromChinaandmovedthegirlstoTucson,Arizona.There,MissusRosenblattmetNathanSontag.ThecouplemarriedandthefamilymovedtoLosAngeleszCalifornia.VOICETWO:SusanSontagwasanextremelyintelligentchild.Shecouldreadbyagethree.Shefinis
5、hedhighschoolattheageoffifteen.Twoyearslater,SusancompletedhercollegeeducationattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois.Whileattheuniversity,sheattendedaclasstaughtbyPhilipRieff.Hewasatwenty-eightyearoldexpertonhumansocietyandsocialrelationships.Thetwoweremarriedinnineteenfifty,tendaysaftertheyfirstmet.Sus
6、anwasseventeenyearsold.ThecouplemovedtoBoston,Massachusetts.Innineteenfifty-two,theyhadason,David.Hegrewuptobecomeawriterandtheeditorofhismothersworks.VOICEONE:SusanSontagcompletedtwomastersdegreesfromHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.ThefirstwasinEnglish;thesecondwasinphilosophy.Shealsobeg
7、anadoctorateprograminreligionatOxfordUniversityinEngland.Howevecshenevercompletedthatprogram.SusanandPhilipendedtheirmarriageinnineteenfifty-eight.Severalmonthslater,SusanmovedwithhersontoNewYorkCity.Sheheldseveraljobsteachingatuniversitiesandwriting.VOICETWO:SusanSontagbeganherprofessionallifewriti
8、ngcreativeliterature.Shepublishedherfirstbookinnineteensixty-three.ItwasanexperimentalnovelcalledTheBenefactor.Itexamineddreamsandhowpeoplethink.Fouryearslater;shepublishedhersecondnovel,calledDeathKit.ThestoryincludedsharpcriticismoftheUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWar.Sontagwroteseveralbookso
9、fcreativeliterature.Yet,shebecamefamousforhercriticalessaysthatexamineddifferentkindsofsocialandartisticissues.Shewroteseriousstudiesaboutpopularartforms.Shewroteessaysaboutbooks,moviesandphotography.Shealsowroteessaysaboutsickness.VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-four;shewroteanessaycalledNotesonCamp.Itwas
10、animmediatesuccessthatmadeherfamous.Campisaformofartorpopularculturethatishumorousbecauseitispurposelybad,falseorcommon.Intheessay,Sontagarguedthatapieceofartmaybebadyetconsideredgoodifitcreatesemotionalfeelingsinthepersonlookingatit.Theessayalsoincludedtheideaaboutpopularculturethatsomethingcanbeso
11、baditisgood.NotesonCampisstillwidelyreadtoday.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-nine,SusanSontagwroteTheStyleofRadicalWill.Itexploredmoderncultureincludingdrugs,filmandmusic.Sheoncesaidittookbetweenninemonthstoayeartowriteonethirty-pageessay.Hercollectionofsixessaysaboutphotographyasanartformtookfiveyearstow
12、rite.OnPhotographywaspublishedinnineteenseventy-seven.ItreceivedtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAwardforcriticism.Heressaysexploredthevalueofthephotographicimageandtheactofpicturetakinginmodernculture.Photographs,shewrote,haveshapedhowpeopleseetheworld.Shewrotethatphotographsmakeusunabletosympathizewith
13、humansuffering.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthenineteen-seventies,SusanSontaglearnedshehadbreastcancer.Doctorsdidnotexpecthertosurvive.However,shewentthroughaseriesofdifficulttreatmentsandshesurvived.Herexperiencewiththediseasebecamethesubjectofoneofhermostfamousworks.IllnessasMetaphorwaspublishedinnineteensev
14、enty-eight.Ametaphorisawordorphrasethatusuallymeansonethingandisusedtomeananotherthing.IllnessasMetaphorisacriticalstudyofmodernlife.Sontagarguedthatmodernculturecreatesmythsorstoriesaboutsickness.Shealsocriticizedthelanguagethatpeopleusewhentheytalkaboutsickness-suchasbattlingadiseaseorthewaroncanc
15、er.Sontagfeltthesetermsmadesickpeoplefeelresponsiblefortheircondition.Herbookgavereadersthepowertodemandmoreinformationfromdoctors.Tenyearslater,sheextendedheropinionstothediseaseAIDS.HershortstoryHowWeLiveNowwaspublishedinnineteeneighty-sixintheNewYorkermagazine.HerbookAIDSanditsMetaphorswaspublish
16、edtwoyearslater.Itwasaboutthesocialandpersonaleffectsofthedisease.SusanSontagwasalsopoliticallyactive.Duringthelatenineteeneighties,sheservedaspresidentoftheAmericangroupofaninternationalwritersorganization.Sheledanumberofcampaignstosupportoppressedandimprisonedwritersaroundtheworld.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:
17、Inherlaterlife,SusanSontaggrewtiredofwritingessaysandcriticalstudies.Innineteenninety-twoshewroteahistoricallovestory.Thenovel,calledTheVolcanoLover;spenttwomonthsontheNewYorkTimeslistofbest-sellingbooks.ThestoryisaboutaneighteenthcenturyBritishdiplomatinItaly,hiswifeandherfamouslover.Intwothousand,
18、Sontagwasaccusedofcopyingtheworkofsomeoneelseinherfinalbook,calledInAmerica.Shestronglydeniedtheaccusations,InAmericaisbasedonthelifeofanineteenthcenturyPolishactress.TheactressmovestotheUnitedStatesandtriestoestablishaperfectcommunityinCalifornia.ThenovelreceivedaNationalBookAward.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:P
19、ublicreactiontoSontagswritingswasoftendivided.Attimes,heressaysangeredreaders.Forexample,sheoncepraisedthecommunistsocietiesofCubaandNorthKorea.Yearslater;shedenouncedcommunismasaformofoppression.AftertheterroristattacksagainsttheUnitedStatesintwothousandone,SontagwroteanarticleintheNewYorkermagazin
20、ecriticalofAmericanpolicies.ShewrotethattheterroristattacksweretheresultofsomeAmericanalliancesandactions.Shealsowrotethattheattackersshouldnotbeconsideredweakbecausetheywerewillingtodie.Manypeoplecriticizedthearticle.Sontaglaterapologizedforhercomments.HerlastbookwasRegardingthePainofOthers/publish
21、edintwothousandthree.Itwasalongessayontheimageryofwaranddisaster.OneofherlastpublishedessayswascalledRegardingtheTortureofOthers.ShewroteitintwothousandfourinreactiontothemistreatmentofIraqiprisonersbyAmericansatAbuGhraibprison.VOICETWO:SusanSontagreceivedmanyawardsintheUnitedStatesandfromothercount
22、ries.Israel,GermanyandSpainhonoredherwithawards.Intwothousandfour,twodaysafterherdeath,themayorofSarajevoannouncedthecitywouldnameastreetafterher.ThemayorcalledherawriterandahumanistwhoactivelytookpartinthecreationofthehistoryofSarajevoandBosnia.SusanSontagwasdifferentfromothersocialcriticsandintell
23、ectuals.Sheoftenappearedontelevision.Shemadepublicstatements.Sheappearedinfilmsandinadvertisements.SusanSontagdiedofleukemiainNewYorkCityintwothousandfour.Shewasseventy-oneyearsold.OnecriticpraisedSusanSontagswritingeventhoughhesaidheoftendisagreedwithwhatshewrote.Hesaid,Sheshowedyouthingsyouhadnotseenbefore.Shehadawayofreopeningquestions.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyJillMoss.ImBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
