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1、美国名人作家威廉福克纳(1)WilliamFaulkner,PartOneplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRichardThorman2004-12-4(THEME)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,webeginthestoryofthelifeofafamousSouthernwriter,WilliamFaulkner.Hewroteaboutanimaginaryplaceanddescrib
2、edchangesintheAmericanSouth.(THEME)VOICEONE:WilliamFaulknerwasbornattheendofthenineteenthcentury.ItwasatimewhenthereweretwoSouthsintheUnitedStates.ThefirstwastheSouthwhosebeliefshadexistedfrombeforetheAmericanCivilWarwhichbeganineighteensixty-one.ThisSouthdidnotquestionrules,evenwhenthoserulesdidnot
3、satisfyhumanneeds.ItwasaSouthfilledwithinjusticeforblackpeople.Itheldtheseedsofitsowndestruction.TheotherSouthwasalandwithoutanybeliefs.Itwasaplacewheresuccesswasmeasuredbyself-interest.ThiswasaSouthwhereeachpersonhadlosthisplaceinthegroup.Itwasaplacewherepeopleownedthingsthattheydidnotknowhowtouse.
4、Faulknersawthattheoldbeliefswerenotrightorevenworthbelieving.Andhesawthattheycouldnotprovidejusticebecausetheywerebasedonslavery.YethefeltthatevenwiththeirliesandhalftruthstheoldbeliefswerebetterthanthemoralemptinessofthemodernSouth.VOICETWO:InFaulknersstorycalledTheBearagroupofmenaretalkingafterthe
5、dayshunt.OnemanreadsfromapoembytheEnglishwriter,JohnKeats:Shecannotfade,thoughthouhasnotthyblisszForeverwiltthoulove,andshebefair.,Hestalkingaboutagirl,onemansays.Theotheranswers,Hewastalkingabouttruth.Truthisone.Itdoesntchange.Itcoversallthingswhichtouchtheheart-honorandpityandjusticeandcourageandl
6、ove.Doyouseenow.,TheAmericanwriter,RobertPennWarrensaysaboutFaulkner,Theimportantthingisthepresenceoftheideaoftruth.Itcoversallthingsthatinvolvetheheartanddefinetheeffortofmantoriseabovethemechanicalprocessoflife.,VOICEONE:Faulknerhasbeenaccusedoflookingbacktoatimewhenlifewasbetter.Yetzhebelievestha
7、ttruthbelongstoalltimes.Butitisfoundmostofteninthepeoplewhostandoutsidewhathecallstheloudworld.OneofthepeopleinhisstoryDeltaAutumnsayszTherearegoodmeneverywhere,atalltimes.Faulknersgreat-grandfatheracceptedtheoldbeliefs.HewasoneofthemenwhohadhelpedbuildtheSouth,buthistimewasgone.Nowmoneyhadreplacedt
8、heoldorderofhonor.WhatFaulknersawwasthattherecouldbenoorderatallznoideaofdoingwhatisright,inaworldthatmeasuredsuccessintermsofmoney.VOICETWO:ThisisthechangingSouththatFaulknerdescribesintheareahecreated.HenameditYoknapatawphaCounty.HedescribesitasinthenorthernpartofthestateofMississippi.Itliesbetwee
9、nsandhillscoveredwithpinetreesandrichfarmlandneartheMississippiRiver.Ithasfifteen-thousand-six-hundred-elevenpeople,livingonalmostfour-thousandsquarekilometers.ItscentralcityisJefferson,wherethestorekeepers,mechanics,andprofessionalmenlive.TherestofthepeopleofYoknapatawphaCountyarefarmersormenwhocut
10、trees.Theironlycropsarewoodandcotton.Afewliveinbigfarmhouses,leftfromanearliertime.Mostofthemdonotevenownthelandtheyfarm.ThecriticMalcolmCowleysays,OthersmightsaythatFaulknerwasnotsomuchwritingstoriesforthepublicastellingthemtohimself.Itiswhatalonelychildmightdo,oragreatwriter.(MusicBridge)VOICEONE:
11、WilliamFaulknerwasborninNewAlbany,Mississippi,ineighteen-ninety-seven.Hisfatherworkedfortherailroad.Williamsgreat-grandfatherhadbuiltit.Hisgrandfatherownedit.Whenthegrandfatherdecidedtoselltherailroad,Williamsfathermovedhisfamilythirty-fivemileswesttothecityofOxford.GrowingupinOxford,WilliamFaulkner
12、heardstoriesofthepastfromhisgrandmotherandfromablackwomanwhoworkedforhisfamily.Heheardmorestoriesfromoldmeninfrontofthecourthouse,andfrompoorfarmerssittinginfrontofacountrystore.Youlearnthestories,Faulknersays,withoutspeechsomehowfromhavingbeenbornandlivingbesidethem,withthem,aschildrenwillanddo.VOI
13、CETWO:Faulknerwasagoodstudent.Yetbythetimehewasfifteenhehadleftschool.ExceptforayearattheUniversityofMississippiattheendofWorldWarOnezthatwasthelastofhisofficialeducation.HetookanumberofjobsinOxfordzbutdidnotstaywithanyofthem.Hebegantothinkthathewasawriter.Theninnineteen-eighteenthewomanhelovedmarri
14、edanotherman.FaulknerleftMississippiandjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorps.HewassenttoCanadatotraintofightinWorldWarOne.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.HereturnedtoOxford,walkingwithdifficultybecauseofwhathesaidwasawarwound.,VOICEONE:AthomeFaulkneragainmovedfromonejobtothenext.Hewrotebadpoetry,d
15、rewpicturesthatlookedlikeothermenspictures,andwroteuninterestingstories.Abookofhispoetry,TheMarbleFaunzwaspublishedinnineteen-twenty-four.AyearlaterhewenttotheSoutherncityofNewOrleans,Louisiana.TherehemettheAmericanwriter,SherwoodAnderson.Theybecamefriends.AndersontoldFaulknertodevelophisownwayofwri
16、ting,andtousematerialfromhisownpartofthecountry.HealsotoldFaulknerhewouldfindapublisherforthenovelFaulknerwaswriting.ButAndersonalsotoldFaulknerthathewouldnotreadthebook.VOICETWO:ThebookwascalledSoldiersPay.ItwouldnotberememberedtodayifitwerenotforFaulknerslaterwork.ThesamecouldbesaidofFaulknersnext
17、book,Mosquitoes.MoneyfromthesebooksmadeitpossibleforhimtotraveltoEurope.Heeducatedhimselfbyreadingalargenumberofmodernwriters.AmongthemwastheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedtowriteaboutpeoplesinnerthoughts.HealsoreadthebooksoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedsomeoft
18、hereasonspeopleactinthestrangewaytheyoftendo.InsteadofremaininginParis,asmanyAmericanwritersdidzFaulknerreturnedtoMississippiandbeganhisseriouswriting.Iwastrying,hesaid,toputthehistoryofmankindinonesentence.LaterhesaidzIamstilltryingtodoit,butnowIwanttoputitallontheheadofapin.HecreatedYoknapatawphaC
19、ountyanditspeople,andgavethemameaningfarbeyondtheirplaceandlives.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:Innineteen-twenty-nineFaulknermarriedEstelleOldhamzthewomanhehadlovedsincetheywereinschooltogether.Herearliermarriagehadfailed.ShehadreturnedtoOxfordwithhertwochildren.Theyboughtanoldruinedhouseandbeganthecostlywo
20、rkofrepairingit.Faulkneralsotookonthejobofsupportingtherestofhisfamily.Hislettersfromthistimeonareoftenfulloftalkaboutwhathemustdotosupporthisfamilyandtocontinuetherepairstohishouse.VOICETWO:Faulknersnextbook,nSartoris,presentsalmostalltheideasthathedevelopsduringtherestofhislife.First,however,thebo
21、okFaulknerwrotehadtobecutbyabouttwenty-fivepercent.Faulknerresisted.Hesaidzifyougrowavegetable,youcancutittolooklikesomethingelse,butitwillbedead.YetzwhenFaulknerreadthebookafterhiseditorcutitzheapproved.Heevencooperatedinmorere-shapingofthebook.InSartoriszFaulknerfoundhissubject,hisvoice,andhisarea
22、.HewritesabouttheconnectionbetweenanimportantSouthernfamilyandthelocalcommunity.HedescribeshowtheSartorisfamilyseemstohelpinitsowndestruction.VOICEONE:Inthenextsevenyears,betweennineteen-twenty-nineandnineteen-thirty-si,heseemedtore-inventthenovelwitheverybookhewrote.Getitdown,hesaid.Takechances.Itm
23、aybebad,butthatstheonlywayyoucandoanythinggood.Atthattime,mostnovelsabouttheSouthdescribedalandthatneverexisted.AfterFaulkner,fewnorthernerswerebraveenoughtowriteaboutaSouththeydidnotknow.AndnoseriousSouthernwriterwaswillingtodescribeaSouththatdidnotexist.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekfortherestofthestoryaboutWilliamFaulkneronPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)
