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1、美国名人画家杰克逊波洛克JacksonPollockInventedaNewKindofPaintingThatChangedtheWayPeopleLookedatArtplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:32repeatByDanaDemange2005-10-15(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthefamousartistJacksonPollockwhohelpedredefi
2、nemodernartintheUnitedStates.Pollockinventedanewkindofpaintingthatchangedthewaytheworldlookedatart.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Untilthetwentiethcentury,mostpaintingswererepresentational.Thismeansthatartistsrepresentedtheirsubjectsinawaythatwasrealisticandrecognizable.However,duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcent
3、ury,artistslikeJacksonPollockstartedtoexploreothermethodsofrepresentation.Whenhefirstbeganpainting,JacksonPollockpaintedrepresentationalobjectssuchaspeopleandanimals.However,heisfamousforhelpingtocreateawholenewartmovementcalledAbstractExpressionism.Anabstractimageisonewherethesubjectisnotrepresente
4、drealistically.Instead,theartistusescolorandshapestosuggestthemostgeneralqualitiesofthesubject.Expressionismisakindofartthatexpressesfeelingsandthoughts.AbstractExpressionismisartthatshowsemotionsandideasthroughnon-representationalforms.VOICETWO:InPollocksmostfamousworks,thereisnorecognizablesubject
5、.Hisartworksarelargesurfacesofcanvascompletelycoveredindifferentcolorsofpaint.However;Pollockdidnotstartoutasarevolutionarypainter.Hedevelopedtheartisticprocesshebecamefamousforovermanyyears.VOICEONE:JacksonPollockwasborninCody,Wyominginnineteentwelve.HegrewupinthestatesofArizonaandCalifornia.Polloc
6、klatersaidthatthewide-openlandofthesewesternareasgreatlyinfluencedhisexpansiveartwork.InnineteenthirtyhemovedeasttoNewYorkCitywherehestudiedattheArtStudentsLeague.There,PollockspentafewyearsstudyingwiththeartistThomasHartBentonwhopaintedimagesofeverydayAmericanlife.Pollocksearlyworksaresimilartohist
7、eacherskindofpainting.However,Pollockslowlyleftthistraditionalarteducationbehind.VOICETWO:Pollocksworkhadmanyotherinfluences.Forexample,helikedagroupofMexicanpainterswhomademurals.Muralsarelargeimagesthattheartistspaintdirectlyontoawall.SomeofthesepainterswereworkinginNewYorkCityinthenineteenthirtie
8、s,soPollockwasabletoseethemwork.Pollockborrowedseveralmethodsandideasfromtheseartists.Theyincludedtheuseoflargecanvases,themethodoffreelyapplyingpaintandhonoringoldandnewtraditions.VOICEONE:PollockwasalsoinfluencedbytheSpanishartistMiro.Mirowaspartofamovementofsurrealistpainters.Surrealistartiststho
9、ughtthattrueartcomesfromapartofthemindcalledtheunconscious.Theunconsciouscontrolstheareaofthemindthatproducesdreams.Pollockagreedwiththeseartiststhattheunconsciousmindwasanimportantforceincreatingart.Also,whenhewasinhislatetwenties,Pollocksufferedamentalbreakdown.Itwascausedinpartbydepressionanddepe
10、ndenceonalcohol.Asaresult,hewastreatedbyaJungianpsychoanalyst.Thisisaspecialkindofexpertinemotionalhealthwhoworkstounderstandtheunconsciousmind,dreams,andemotions.Pollockwasinfluencedbythiskindofinvestigationofhumanrelationsandemotions.Thisinsideworldwouldbecomethesubjectofhispaintings.VOICETWO:Inni
11、neteenforty-four;PollockmarriedLeeKrasnerwhowasalsoaskilledAbstractExpressionistpainter.ThenextyeartheymovedtoEastHampton,asmalltownonLongIslandinthestateofNewYork.ThecouplewantedtogetawayfromthebusylifeofNewYorkCity.Inthiscountryenvironmenttheycouldenjoynatureandhavemoretimetoworkontheirart.Nexttot
12、heirhousePollocksetupastudiobuildingwherehecouldcreatehisartwork.InthislargestudioPollockcreatedthepaintingsthatwouldmakehimfamous.VOICEONE:DuringtheseyearsJacksonPollockstartedtopaintinacompletelynewway.Hecreatedartthatwasveryphysical.Infact,hismethodissometimescalledactionpainting.Mostartistspaint
13、edonasurfacethatstooduprightorvertical.ButPollockputhislargecanvasesonthefloorsothathecouldmovearoundallfoursidesofhiswork.Healsousedveryliquidpaintssothathecouldeasilydropthepaintontohiscanvases.Thisdrippingmethodallowedhimtomakeenergeticworks.Hispaintingsareexplosionsofcurvinglines,shapesandcolors
14、.Inhisartyoucanseeeverymovementthathisarmmade.Youcanseehowhehadtomovehisbodyaroundthecanvas.VideosofPollockpaintingshowthisprocess,whichlookslikeapainterlydance.VOICETWO:Unlikeotherartists,JacksonPollockdidnotplanthewayhewantedhispaintingstolook.Manyartistsplantheirworksbymakingsmalldrawingsbeforepa
15、inting.Pollockdevelopedwhathecalledadirectmethod,applyingthepaintdirectlyontoanemptycanvas.Hepaintedbyfollowinghisimmediatethoughtsandemotions.Pollockcombinedcarefulmovementwithexactcolorandline.Thoughhispaintingsappearaccidental,theyrequiredcarefulcontrol.HereisarecordingofPollockdescribinghiswayof
16、painting.ItwastakenfromamovietheBritishBroadcastingCorporationmadeabouttheartistinnineteenninety-nine.(POLLOCK)VOICEONE:AsPollocksaid,hewantedtocreateartthatwasavisualrepresentationofthemotionandenergyofhisinsideworld.Hewasonceaskedwhyhedidnotpaintpicturesofobjectspeoplecouldidentify.Heansweredthati
17、fyouwantedtoseeaflower,youcouldgolookatarealone.Hesaidthatwhatinterestedhimwasnotoutsideobjects.Pollocksworkswerebothpraisedandcriticized.Hispaintingswereinseveralshowsingalleriesinthemiddlenineteenforties.However,Pollockdidnotproducehisfullyabstractdrip,paintingsuntillater.Innineteen-fiftyzthepubli
18、csawtheseworksatBettyParsonsGalleryinNewYork.SomeartcriticssaidthiswasoneofthebestshowsoftheyearandthatPollockwasoneofthegreatestpaintersinAmerica.Othersdidnotunderstandhiswork.OnecriticsaidthatPollocksartshowedchaos-completedisorderwithoutanymethod.LavenderMistbyJacksonPollockVOICETWO:Today,Pollock
19、sworkssellformillionsofdollars.Butonlyonepaintingsoldatthisshow.ItwasafamousworkcalledLavenderMist.ThispaintingnowhangsintheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C,LavenderMistrepresentsperfectlywhatwassointerestingaboutPollockswork.Thecanvasismorethantwometerstallandalmostthreemeterslong.Theentiresurf
20、aceiscoveredinsmallriversofwhite,blackzgreyellow,brownandpinkpaint.Thesecolorsandlinescreateapaintingthatisfullofvisualenergy.VOICEONE:Interestingly,thereisnolavender,orlightpurple,colorpaintinthiswork.OneofPollocksfriendssuggestedthenamebecausethemanyothercolorsofpaintcreatedanatmosphericeffectthat
21、lookedlikelavendermist.Usually,Pollockwouldsimplynamehispaintingswithanumberandadate.Hedidnotwantthetitlestoexplaintoviewerswhattoseewhentheylookedathiswork.WithpaintingslikeLavenderMistJacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoawholenewwayofpaintingandthinkingaboutart.Buthedidnotliveverylong.Hediedina
22、caraccidentinnineteenfifty-sixattheageofforty-four.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThehomeinEastHampton,NewYorkwhereJacksonPollocklivedwithhiswifeLeeKrasnerisnowamuseum.Atthisspecialplaceyoucanseetheroomswheretheseartistslived.Mostimportantly,youcanseethestudiowherePollockandKrasnercreatedtheirwork.Onthefloorofthes
23、tudioistheevidenceofyearsandyearsofPollocksthrownpaint.ThefloorlooksjustlikeoneofPollockspaintings.Expertssaythismuseumisaculturaltreasure.ItistheplacewhereJacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoAbstractExpressionism.PollockhelpedbreakthetraditionalrulesofrepresentationandestablishedAmericaasanimportantcenterformodernart.(MUSICVOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmBobDoughty.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(MUSIC)
