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1、美国名人波卡洪塔斯(印第安公主)Pocahontasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRochelleGollust2004-5-29(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Shelivedalmostfour-hundredyearsagoinwhatbecametheAmericanstateOfVirginia.ShewasthefirstNativeAmericantomarryawhitepers
2、on.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreeman.Today,wetellaboutPocahontas,thedaughterofthechiefofthePowhatanPOW-a-tanIndiantribe.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Pocahontaswasborninfifteen-ninety-five.ShewasoneoftwentychildrenofChiefPowhatan.PowhatanruledagroupofmorethantwentyIndiantribesinterritorythatisnowtheeastern
3、stateofVirginia.InSixteen-Oh-SevenztheVirginiacompanyinEnglandsentcoloniststosettlethelandthatlaterbecametheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheleaderoftheEnglishsettlerswasJohnRatcliffe.HeclaimedthelandforKingJamesofEngland.HenamedthenewcolonyJamestownzVirginia.TheEnglishcolonistsdidnotknowthattheareaalreadyw
4、assettledbyIndians.VOICETWO:ThePowhatanIndianslivedintheareawheretheEnglishcolonistslanded.TheywerepartofalargegroupofAmericantribeswhospoketheAlgonquianlanguage.ThePowhatanshadlivedintheareaforalmostone-thousandyears.Theybuiltvillages.Theygrewbeanszcorn,squashandmelons.Theycreatedastrongpoliticalsy
5、stem,ledbypowerfulchiefslikePowhatan.Hispowerandwealthwereevident.Womenofthetribescontrolledthehousesandthefields.Theymadeclothingofanimalskinsandcontainersofclay.Menhuntedandfishedforfood.Bothmenandwomenworeearringsandotherobjectsmadeofshells,pearlsandcopper.TheyoungPocahontasoftenvisitedJamestownd
6、uringthecolony,sfirstmonths.Shewasabouttwelveyearsold.Thecolonistsknewherwell.Shebecameanimportantlinkbetweenthecolonistsandherfather,Powhatan.VOICEONE:TheIndiansculturewasverydifferentfromthatoftheEnglishsettlers.Thetwogroupsdidnotunderstandeachother.Themis-understandingsledtohostileincidentsbetwee
7、nthecolonistsandtheIndians.JohnSmithwasanexplorer,soldierandaleaderoftheJamestowncolony.Hewascapturedinsixteen-oh-sevenbyfollowersofPowhatan.CaptainSmithwroteaboutthisincidentinabookthatwaspublishedinsixteen-twenty-four.HewrotethatPocahontassavedhimfrombeingexecutedbyPowhatan.Thisstoryhasbeenrepeate
8、dforhundredsofyears.ThisiswhatmostpeopleknowaboutPocahontas.VOICETWO:Mosthistorians,however,donotbelievethatPocahontassavedthelifeofJohnSmith.SomebelievethatCaptainSmithinventedthestoryafterreadingaboutasimilareventthattookplaceinFlorida.ThateventinvolvedacapturedSpanishexplorer,anIndianchiefandthec
9、hiefsdaughter.SomehistoriansdonotbelievethatJohnSmithslifewasindanger.TheysaythatwhatCaptainSmiththoughtwastobehisexecutionwasreallyanIndianceremony.TheceremonywasmeanttoshowthatPowhatanacceptedSmithaspartofhistribe.HistorianssaytheIndianchiefwantedtomaketheEnglishcolonistshisallies.VOICEONE:AfterCa
10、ptainSmithscapture,theIndiansandthecolonistsagreedtoatruce.PocahontasvisitedJamestownmoreoften.ShemaynothavereallysavedJohnSmithslife.ButmostexpertsagreethatPocahontashelpedthecolonists.Shebroughtthemcornwhentheywerestarving.SheoncewassaidtohavewarnedthecolonistsaboutasurpriseattackbytheIndians.John
11、Smithhadbeenwoundedduringhiscapture.HereturnedtoEngland.HostilitiesonceagainbrokeoutbetweentheIndiansandtheEnglishsettlers.Insixteen-elevenzThomasDalebecameactinggovernorofthecolony.HestartedanewaggressivepolicytowardtheIndians.Twoyearslater,anEnglishsoldier,SamuelArgallzkidnappedPocahontas.Shewasab
12、outeighteenyearsold.ThecolonistskidnappedherbecausetheywantedtopreventmoreattacksbytheIndians.TheyalsowantedtoforcechiefPowhatantonegotiateapeaceagreement.VOICETWO:PocahontaslivedasahostageintheJamestownsettlementformorethanayear.Acolonist,JohnRolfe,taughtherEnglish.HealsotaughthertheChristianreligi
13、on.PocahontaswasthefirstNativeAmericantobecomeChristian.ShechangedhernametoRebecca.Insixteen-fourteen,shemarriedJohnRolfeinthechurchinJamestown.ShewasthefirstIndianwomantomarryawhiteman.Herhusbandbelievedthattheirmarriagewouldbegoodforthecolony.JohnRolfesaidhemarriedPocahontasforthehonorofourcountry
14、,forthegloryofGod.VOICEONE:GovernorDaleimmediatelyopenednegotiationswithPowhatan.Theresultwasaperiodofpeacethatlastedforabouteightyears.Pocahontashusbandwasatobaccogrower.ShetaughthimtheIndianwayofplantingtobacco.Thismethodimprovedthetobaccocrop.TobaccolaterbecameAmericasfirstsuccessfulcrop.VOICETWO
15、:Insixteen-fifteenzPocahontasandJohnRolfehadason.TheynamedhimThomas.ThenextyearPocahontasandherfamilysailedtoEnglandforavisit.InLondon,shewastreatedlikeafamousperson.ShewasofficiallypresentedtokingJamestheFirst.ShealsometJohnSmithagain.TheVirginiaCompanysaidhervisitprovedthatitwaspossibletohavegoodr
16、elationsbetweentheEnglishcolonistsandtheIndians.ThecompanyurgedmorepeopletomovefromEnglandtotheVirginiacolony.PocahontashadherpicturepaintedwhilevisitingEngland.SheiswearingtheclothessheworewhenshemettheKing.TheyarethekindofclothesthatwerepopularinEnglandinthesixteen-hundreds.Thispictureistheonlyone
17、thatreallyisofher.VOICEONE:PocahontasandherfamilystayedinEnglandforsevenmonths.TheypreparedtoreturntoJamestown.ButPocahontasbecamesickwithsmallpox.Shediedfromthedisease.ShewasburiedinGravesendzEngland.Shewastwenty-twoyearsold.Herson,ThomasRolfe,wasraisedinEngland.Whenhewastwenty,hereturnedtoVirginia
18、.Helivedasasettlerinhismothersnativeland.Hemarriedandhadadaughter.ThroughThomasRolfezanumberoffamousVirginianshavefamilytiestoPocahontas.ThesefamiliesareproudtoclaimtheirtiestoPocahontas.TheycallherVirginiasFirstLady.VOICETWO:Pocahontasleftnowritingsofherown.Theonlyreportsaboutherfromthetimewerewrit
19、tenbyJohnSmith.Hisreportsmaynotallhavebeentrue.YetthestoryofherrescueofCaptainSmithbecameapopularfolkstory.AmericansknowthatPocahontasplayedapartintheearlyhistoryofVirginia.Theyrememberherbraveryandfriendship.AmericansalsorememberherforwhatsherepresentedasaNativeAmerican:thehopeofcloserelationsbetwe
20、enthewhitepeopleandtheIndians.VOICEONE:PocahontasishonoredintheUnitedStatesCapitolbuildinginWashington,D.C.Therearethreeartworksofherinthelarge,round,mainhallofthecapitol.TherearemorerepresentationsofherthananyotherAmericanexceptforthenationsfirstpresident,GeorgeWashington.Thethreeartworksshowthepop
21、ularstoriesaboutPocahontas.OneisapaintingofPocahontastakingpartinareligiousceremonyinwhichshebecameaChristian.TwoothersshowhersavingthelifeofCaptainJohnSmith.VOICETWO:ManydifferentAmericangroupshaveusedthenameandsomeversionofapictureofPocahontas.WhalehuntersinthenineteenthcenturynamedshipsafterPocah
22、ontasinhonorofherbravery.Theyalsoputsmallstatuesofherontheirships.BoththeconfederateforcesintheSouthandtheUnionforcesintheNorthusedhernameorpictureduringtheAmericanCivilWar.ApictureofPocahontaswasontheflagofadivisionofConfederateforcescalledtheGuardoftheDaughtersofPowhatan.Unionforcesnamedawarshipaf
23、tertheIndianwoman.ManyAmericanwritershavewrittenaboutPocahontas.TheWaltDisneycompanyproducedapopularchildrensmovieabouther.VOICEONE:Today,visitorstotheJamestownsettlementinVirginiacanseewhatlifewaslikethereinthesixteen-hundreds.TheycanseecopiesoftheshipsthatbroughttheEnglishsettlers.Andtheycanseesta
24、tuesofthreeofthepeopleimportantinearlyAmerica:JohnSmith,ChiefPowhatanzandhisdaughterPocahontas.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mRayFreeman.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
