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1、今晚.Tonight.爱迪生认为他有当时最有创意的头脑Edisonthoughthewasthebestinventivebrainaround.他自学成才非常好胜痴迷专注.Hewasself-taught,verycompetitive,maniacallyfocused.他是个颇有争议的人物Buthewasacolorfulcharacter.脚踏实地有幽默感Downtoearth,hehadasenseofhumor.爱迪生一手创造了发明家的形象Edisonsingle-handedlycreatedtheimageofaninventor.爱迪生今晚的美国印象节目Edison/toni
2、ghtonAmericanExperience.起飞计时开始1.ift-ofttheclockisrunning.我们在这里有大量伤亡Wehavemasscasualtiesuphere.我们去过的地方我们在哪里我们要去哪里美国印象美国印象的赞助资金由ExclusivecorporatefundingforAmericanExperience以下机构提供isprovidedby：也可以通过以下方式Experienceisalsomadepossibleby:您可以向PBS电视台捐款AndbycontributionstoyourPBSstationfrom:对你的喜爱谢谢你(发动机喷射)(en
3、ginesputtering)爱迪生1922年10月中旬一个摄制组来到Inmid-October,1922,afilmcrewarrived新泽西州小镇西橙inthesmalltownofWestOrange,NewJersey,拍摄世界上最负盛名的一个人tospendsometimewithoneofthemostfamousmenintheworld:惊人多产的美国发明家爱迪生thephenomenallyprolificAmericaninventorThomasEdison.数天时间里Overthecourseofafewdays,摄影机捕获镜头伟人在工作thecamerascaptu
4、redthegreatmanatwork,与员工聊天chattingwithemployees在实验室进行实验andconductingexperimentsinhislab,监督工厂包装材料测试overseeingtestsofpackingmaterialsinhisfactories并赶超他最知名设备上的最新进展andcatchinguponthelatestadvancesinthedeviceforwhichhewasbestknown.爱迪生发明的东西ThethingsthatEdisoninvented在我们社会中无所不在aresoomnipresentinoursociety.
5、触及数以百万计的人们Theyvetouchedthelivesofmillionsandmillionsofpeople并完全改变了他们andtotallychangedthem.我们生活在一个爱迪生发明的世界WeliveinaworldthatEdisoninvented.电灯录音电影Incandescentlight,soundrecording,motionpictures.这些和其它大量发明Fortheseandscoresofotherinventions,使爱迪生恰当地赢得“时代发明家”的声誉EdisonhadjustlyearnedacclaimastheInventorofth
6、eAge.这是第一盏电灯的复♥制♥品Thisisareplicaofthefirstlamp.但机器无法解释他从发明家到偶像的转变Butnomeremachinecouldaccountforhismetamorphosisfrominventortoicon.(汽笛)(whistlingloudly)(隆隆声)(chugging)我们认为今天变化非常非常快Wethinkwearemovingveryfveryfasttoday.我告诉你爱迪生时代曼哈顿那些人1.etmetellyou,allthosefolksinManhattanasThomasEdisonis
7、walkingthestreets认为身体承受不了当时快速变化的震荡thoughttheirbodiescouldntstandtheshockofhowfasttheyweremoving.处在美国快速进入现代世界的起点PoisedatthestartinglineofAmericasrushintothemodernworld,爱迪生成为旗手Edisonbecameitsstandardbearer.喂喂Hello,he11o,hello!他的时代他自我推销的精明诀窍Theimpactofhisnativegeniusmadeinfinitelymorepowerful他的极度求胜欲byh
8、istiming,hiscannyknackforself-promotion让他的天才无限强大andhiscompulsiveneedtowin.爱迪生非常好胜Edisonwasverycompetitive.越多的人在寻找答案Themorepeoplewhotriedtofindtheanswer,他就越会被它诱惑themoretemptingitwasforhimtotakeiton.他极度关注维持控制Hewasmaniacallyfocusedonmaintainingcontrol.爱迪生的驱动力最终Intheend,theintensityofEdisonsdrive证明既是祝福又
9、是诅咒provedbothblessingandcurse,赔终身朋友的忠诚costinghimtheallegianceofalifelongfriend赔了他创建企业的控制权andcontroloftheindustrytowhichhedgivenlife,即使它也保证了他的不朽evenasitguaranteedhimakindofimmortality.有其他伟大的发明家Therewereothergreatinventors.还有爱迪生ThentherewasEdison.他知道发明不只是有个想法Heunderstoodthatinventingisnotjusthavingani
10、dea,他使“爱迪生”成为不可忽视的名字andsohemadeEdisonanametobereckonedwith.(鸟鸣)(birdscawing)1876年晚冬Inthelatewinterof1876,新泽西州门洛帕克市散居的市民thescatteredresidentsofMenloPark,NewJersey,看着一个奇怪的新建筑eyedacuriousnewbuilding从火车站边山丘修起来justupthehillfromthetrainstation.很容易被误认是所学校Itcouldeasilyhavebeenmistakenforaschool或贵格会会堂oraQuak
11、ermeetinghouse.事实上这是实验室一个5000平方英尺的设施Infact,itwasalaboratory,a5,000-square-footfacility完全致力于孕育一个人的想法entirelydedicatedtonurturingtheideasofoneman,一个崭露头角的企业家anup-and-comingentrepreneur名字叫托马斯阿尔瓦爱迪生bythenameofThomasAlvaEdison.没有国内私人实验室设施如此精良Noprivatelaboratoryinthecountrywassowellequipped.从装满各种化学和有机材料的罐子
12、FromtheapothecaryjarsfilledwithallmannerOfchemicalsandorganicmaterials到科学仪器和工具tothescientificinstrumentsandshoptools,爱迪生拥有可能需要的一切东西Edisonhadeverythinghecouldpossiblyneed使自然界向他的意志屈服tomakethenaturalworldbendtohiswill.他有这种需要不同资源1.ISAGITELHehadthiskeensense去完成发明的敏锐感觉thatheneededdifferentkindsOfresources
13、inordertoinvent,所以门洛帕克成为一个白板SoMenloParkerbecameawhiteboard,产生的发明点子全部出自于他andalltheinventionideashecameupwithcamefromhim历史上成功的发明家Successfulinventorsinhistory,大都是试图完成一项任务werelargelypeopletryingtoaccomplishatask.他们有日常工作Theyhadadayjobeffectively,而发明是额外途径andinventionwasawayoffurtheringthat.爱迪生决定发明是他的H常工作E
14、disondecidedthatinventionwashisdayjob.29岁时爱迪生是个有雄心的人At29,Edisonhadtheaudaciousambition白手起家并具备实力来证明ofamanwhodcomefromnothingandwhohadeverythingtoprove.(胶片卷轴点击)(filmreelclicking)(音乐播放)(musicplaying)他是个典型的美国故事HiswasaclassicAmericanstory,出身卑微惊人成名aspectacularrisefromhumblebeginnings很快会被一遍遍地讲述thatsoonwoul
15、dbetoldandretoldandtoldagain.生于1847年在密歇根休伦港长大Bornin1847andraisedinPortHUron,Michigan,那里靠近一个小国的边缘neartheedgeofasmallcountry当时IE处成为大国的边缘thenonthevergeofbecominggreat,从小托马斯爱迪生就充满勇气和激♥情♥ThomasEdisonwasallpluckandinitiativefromthestart.照他的说法Byhisownaccount,他好奇到恶作剧的地步hewascurioustothepointof
16、mischief.他曾经长时间坐在邻居家的鹅蛋上Heoncespenthourssittingonaneighborsgooseeggs试图孵化它们inanefforttohatchthem放火焚烧谷仓“只为看看会怎么样”andsetfiretoabarnjusttoseewhatitwoulddo.由于只有三个月正规教育Givenjustthreemonthsofformalschooling.少年时代无忧无虑的下午hespentthecarefreeafternoonsofboyhood他在图书馆通过阅读而长进readinghiswaythroughthelibrary在地窖里痴迷地进行化
17、学实验andobsessivelyconductingchemistryexperimentsinthecellar.钱不多为支持自己的涉猎Moneywastight,sotofinancehisdabbling,他12岁就去打工hewenttoworkattheageof12,在休伦港与底特律之间火车上当报童takingajobasanewsboyonthetrainthatrandailybetweenPortHuronandDetroit.在沿线的车站上上下下AlongthewayJnstationsupanddowntheline,他迷上了电报hebecamefascinatedwit
18、hthetelegraph,此时正开始把成长中的国家连接在一起whichwasbeginningtoknitthegrowingnationtogether以前川铁轨现在用铜线astherailswere,onlywithlengthsofcopperwire.他的世界里有比电报更前沿的么？Isthereamoreleadingedgethinggoingoninhisworldthantelegraphy?以光速传播真实信息Movingrealinformationatthespeedoflight,需要非常复杂的技术做到这点withverysophisticatedtechnologies
19、tomakeithappen.他对它着迷Hewasamazedbyit.他是那种小孩Hewasthatkindofkid.迷恋引发他努力掌握这个技术Edisonsfascinationsparkedaquestformastery.他自学摩尔斯电码HetaughthimselfMorseCode实践收发电报andpracticedsendingandreceivingtelegraphmessages每天长达18个小时forupto18hoursaday最终在1862年他落实了第一份工作当电报员beforefinallylandinghisfirstjobasanoperatorin1862,
20、当时他只有15岁whenhewasjust15.(汽笛)(chuggingloudly)那时他意识到在失去听力Bythen,he,dbecomeawarethathewaslosinghishearing,世界的喧嚣变得越来越弱theracketoftheworldgrowingincreasinglydim.有了电报他发现耳聋给r他优势Butwithtelegraphy,hefoundthatdeafnessgavehimanedge.“在电报局”他后来回忆说Wheninatelegraphoffice/helaterrecalled,“我只听得到“直接放在我桌上的仪器Icouldhearo
21、nlytheinstrumentdirectlyonthetableatwhichIsat,“不像其他电报员andunliketheotheroperators,我不会被其他器材打扰“Iwasnotbotheredbyotherinstruments.这种情况Thiscondition让他觉得他更能思考madehimfeellikehecouldthinkmore更加专心andhecouldconcentratemore.他变得很内向Hebecameveryintrospective.他常常觉得孤独Heoftenfeltlikehewasalone甚至周围有其他人的时候evenwhenther
22、ewereotherpeoplearound.五年时间爰迪生担任新闻电报员Forfiveyears,Edisonworkedasapressoperator,解读新闻报道电报的莫斯电码decipheringthedotsanddashesofthenewsreportsastheycameinoverthewires.但一旦熟练这份工作就不再吸引他Butthetask,oncemastered,ceasedtoinspirehim.他选择上夜班Givenhisdruthers,hetookthenightshift,这给他足够自♥由♥时间阅读和实验whichgave
23、himplentyoffreetimetoreadandexperiment.不久他开始摆弄电报设备Beforelong,hewastinkeringwiththetelegraphicequipment.爱迪生正式学校教育不多Edisondidnthavealotofformalschooling.大部分技术教育Mostofhistechnicaleducation来自电报工作实践camefromthepracticeoftelegraphy.电报房♥是电学学校ThetelegraphofficeswereschoolsOfelectricity.他研究电学本性Thenatur
24、eofelectricityitselfwassomethinghestudied并学会思考系统如何运作andlearnedhowtothinkabouthowthatsystemoperated,他如何去改善howhemightimproveit爱迪生慢慢觉得自己是个发明家Edisonslowlybegantothinkofhimselfasaninventor.爱迪生从根本上开始了Edisonstarts,atthecore,themotherlode美国技术改造的大趋势ofthetechnologicaltransformationinAmerica.这是非常重要的：ThatsVery,
25、veryimportant他的思想信心tothewaythathismindandhisconfidence和在工业社会的位置andhisplaceatthatmachine结合在一起的方式kindofcometogether启动他今后的旅程tolaunchtherestofhisjourney.(汽笛)(whistlingloudly)1869年初22岁的爱迪生辞去电报员工作Inearly1869,Edisonresignedhispostasatelegraphoperator移居纽约andattheageof22movedtoNewYork破旧西装口袋里揣着借来的少许美元withafew
26、borroweddollarsinthepocketofhisthreadbaresuit去追求他作为发明家的事业topursuehiscareerasaninventor.下面儿年他在不同短暂合作关系间跳跃Hespentthenextseveralyearsbouncingfromoneshort-livedpartnershiptoanother,主要接受合约开♥发♥和生产mainlydevelopingandmanufacturing小批量电♥信♥设备smalllotsoftelegraphicdevicesoncontract.爱
27、迪生后来问忆说Sleep,Edisonlaterrecalled,那些日子里“睡眠是个稀罕的物品wasascarcearticleinthosedays.但他细致而顽强Buthewasmeticulousandtenacious,没有技术难题可以吓倒他andnotechnicalchallengecouldcowhim.负责完善别人粗糙的机器Chargedwithperfectingotherscrudemachines,他敏捷的脑子转出hisagilemindspunout大量不同的产品：aseeminglyinfinitearrayofvariations:自动电报机电报打印机automa
28、tictelegraphsandprintingtelegraphs和所谓多路电报机andso-calledmultiplextelegraphs,能同时同线发送多个消息whichwerecapableofsendingmorethanonemessageatthesametimeonthesamewire.蓬勃发展的产业给了他信心也让他致富Theboomingindustryrewardedhimwithconfidence,andalsowithcash.正如一位助理说的Asoneassociateputit,“如果你告诉我你可以用机器弄出婴儿Ifyoushouldtellmeyoucou
29、ldmakebabiesbymachinery,我都不应该怀疑“Ishouldntdoubtit.到1870年代中期爱迪生名下Bythemid-1870s,Edisonhadagrowingstack成功申报的电报专利不断增长ofsuccessfultelegraphicpatentstohisname并有足够资金在门洛帕克建造他梦想的实验室andenoughcapitaltofinancehisdreamlaboratoryinMenloPark.爱迪生去门洛帕克是真正的冒险EdisontookarealriskingoingtoMenloPark.你必须得非常大胆Youhadtobepre
30、ttybold去建立这个新事物-发明实验室-tobuildthisnewthing-inventionIaboratory-而你要成为一个职业发明家andyouweregoingtobecomeaprofessionalinventor需要不断制♥造♥出新技术whowasconstantlycrankingoutnewtechnology.因为他有如何成为伟大发明家的远见Butitwasbecausehehadthisvisionofhowtobecomeagreatinventor.这是惊人的创新Thiswasastoundinglyrevolutionary.“
31、我想要发明Youknow/Iwanttoinvent.我将去发明“对公？mgoingtobeaboutinvention/right?“我真不希望被太多人打扰太多时间”AndIdontreallywanttobebotheredlotsoftimeswithverymuchelse.这是1876年5月ItwasMayof1876,爱迪生急于开始工作andEdisonwasanxioustogetdowntowork.他的工作人员已经到位HisStaffwasalreadyinplace,一小群实验助手asmallgroupofexperimentalassistants和熟练机械师andski
32、lledmachinists,很多人与他共事多年manyofwhomhedworkedwithforyears.剩下的就是把家搬来Allthatremainedwastomoveinhisfamily:他的妻子玛丽他们在1871年春天认识hiswifeMary,whomhedmetinthespringof1871并于数月后结婚andmarriedseveralmonthslater;他们的孩子马里昂和小托马斯阿尔瓦andtheirchildren,MarionandThomasAlvaJr,喜欢莫斯的慈爱父亲曾戏称他们orastheirMorse-Iovingfatherhaddubbedt
33、hem,“小点”和“短线”DotandDash.爱迪生把他们安置在宽敞的房♥子里Edisoninstalledtheminaspacioushouse就在实验室山下justdownthehillfromthelaboratory,除了周日andthat,exceptingSundays,他们基本见不到他wasmoreorlessthelasttheywouldseeofhim.从最开始门洛帕克就像蜂巢一样喧闹Fromtheverybeginning,MenloParkthrummedlikeahive.在实验室长而开放的房♥间里Inthelong,openrooms
34、ofthelaboratory,十几个人在一起工作asmanyasadozenmenwereatworkatonce进行实验切割模型conductingexperiments,cuttingpatterns,敲打组装粗糙的机器bangingtogethercrudemachines.爱迪生喜欢追寻Edisonlovedthechase.他想去破解Hewantedtobreakopen非常有趣和有大量潜力veryinterestingandchallengingproblems喜欢有挑战的难题withalotofpromiseinthem.驱动力和技术探究有联♥系♥:
35、Thedrivehadsomethingtodowithtechnicalinquiry:一种野心去认识或找出没人想到过的事物akindofambitiontoknowortofigureoutthingsthatnobodyhadthoughtofyet.不只是回答问题Itwasntjustlikeansweringquestions大家都知道问题只是还没有解答thateverybodyknewwerethereanddidnthaveanswersyet;而是甚至提出问题并回答它们itwaslikeevencomingupwiththequestionsandansweringthem.虽
36、然电报设备仍是首要重点Thoughtelegraphicequipmentwasstillhisprimaryfocus,爱迪生告诉朋友门洛帕克计划theplanatMenloPark,asEdisonputittoafriend,“每十天一个小发明wastobringoutaminorinventioneverytendays每个月左右一个大发明“andabigthingeverymonthorso.没人有爱迪生那样的资源NobodyhadthekindresourcesthatEdisonhad.他会说Hecouldsay,“你用这种碳试验Youworkonthiskindofcarbon
37、,你用那种碳试验andyouworkonthiskindofcarbon,“你用这种碳试验“andyouworkonthiskindofcarbon.1他会跟踪Hewouldkeeptrack在工作中总共花了多少小时ofhowmanyhourshespentinarowonsomething并试图击败他最高记录andtrytobeathislastrecord.他差不多吃住在工场楼上HewasveryintolivingabovetheStorejfyouwill,他还真的私下认为andhereallyimplicitlythought其他人也应该是这样thateverybodyelsesho
38、uldbelikethat.“我们整晚做实验然后睡到中午”Weworkallnightexperimentingandsleeptillnoonintheday/爱迪生的首席实验助理查尔斯巴彻勒Edisonschiefexperimentalassistant,CharlesBatchelor,告诉他弟弟toldhisbrother.“爱迪生不知疲倦”Edisonisindefatigable.这是群粗人Itwasarowdygroupofguys.这像个兄弟会的房♥子Itwaskindoflikeafrathouse,但他们能多说点别的buttheyhadtheaddedthi
39、ngofsaying,“我们这里处于进步的前沿”We,reattheleadingedgeofprogressrighthere.(喧闹乐队演奏)(crowdchatter,bandplaying)这是个奇迹的时代Itwasanageofmarvels,近900万人次参观asanyofthenearlyninemillionvisitors世纪博览会可以证明totheCentennialExpositioncouldattest1876年5月10日在费城占地236英亩OpenedonMay10,1876,onasprawling236-acretract的费尔芒特公园开幕inPhiladelp
40、hiasFairmountPark,博览会标志美国作为theexpositionmarkedAmericasdramaticdebut世界领先JL业大国的戏剧性登场astheworldsleadingindustrialpower.这里的蒸汽机规模如此庞大Herewasasteamenginesomassive可以同时运行数百个机器thatitcouldrunhundredsofmachinessimultaneously;一个电梯能让站着的人上升8层楼anelevatorthatenabledamantomakeaneight-storyclimbwhilestandingstill;一个使
41、用电池的笔andabattery-operatedpen同时书写同个文件的多个副本thatproducedmultiplecopiesofadocumentatonetime.“美国的发明TheAmericaninvents就像希腊雕塑和意大利油画“astheGreeksculptedandtheItalianpainted/1伦敦泰晤士报道theTimesofLondonreported.“这就是天才”Itisgenius.1但1876年春天展示的所有神奇Butofallthewondersinevidencethatspringof1876,没有一个nonewasmoreastonishi
42、ng比亚历山大贝尔的电♥话♥更惊人thanAlexanderGrahamBelstelephone,一个革命性的设备arevolutionarydevice把声波转换成电♥信♥♥号♥♥thatconvertedsoundwavesintoanelectricalsignal并承诺以语♥音♥取代电报的点和线andpromisedtoreplacethetelegraphersdotsanddasheswiththesoundofthehumanvoice.贝尔公布他的发明
43、时WhenBellunveilshisinvention,西联转向爰迪生说：WesternUnionturnstoEdisonandsays,“这个很重要Thisisimportant.我们想请你看看这个“Wedlikeyoutolookintothis.对干爱迪生没有比竞争更强大的催化剂ForEdison,therewerefewmorepowerfulcatalyststhancompetition.“我不在乎太多财富”他曾说过Idon,tcaretoomuchforafortune,1heoncesaid,“只要我走在其他人前面”asIdoforgettingaheadoftheothe
44、rfellows.受过大学教育的贝尔BeIlfCollegeeducated由未来岳父母提供资金andbankrolledbyhisfuturefather-in-law,是理想的对手wastheidealadversary.托马斯爱迪牛.对亚历山大贝尔ThomasEdisonhadnorealdeepabidingcollegialrespect没有真正深刻持久的同行尊重forAlexanderGrahamBell.亚历山大贝尔只是作为需要去竞争AlexanderGrahamBellexistedassomeonetobecompetedwith去克服和超越的对象而存在andovercome
45、andtranscendedandbettered.爱迪生把竞争看成是Edisonsawcompetitionassortofacrucialspur这个发明企业的关键鞭策totheinventiveenterprise.他说发明家需要一个敌人Hesaidaninventorneedsanenemy.他认为他有当时最有创意的头脑Youknow,hethoughthewasthebestinventivebrainaround.他还有实验室可以胜过其他任何人Andalso,hehadhislaboratory,whichcouldoutdoanybodyelse.爱迪生和团队花了数月ItwouldtakeEdisonandhisteammeremonths设计出超过贝尔的设备todesignadevicethattrumpedBels-所谓“碳键发射器”aso-calledcarbonbuttontransmitter能把声音传播到远得多的距离thatcarriedsoundovermuchlongerdistances并把电♥话♥变成一个可行的商业设备andturnedthetelephoneintoacommerciallyviabledevice.这个过程中爱迪生偶然的发明Intheproces
