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1、核心素养测评三十六选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity(限时35分钟)I.阅读理解AEverycountryhascertainculturalpatternsmakingitunique.Ofcourse,habitsandcustomsbetweenculturesandcountriestendtooverlap(fi).Thepopularityofsocialmedia,forinstance,ignoresbordersandbreaksdownculturaldifferences.Technologyhasmadetheworldamuchsmallerandcul
2、turallysimilarplace.However,whenlookingataforeigncountry,wewillalwaysfinddifferencesbetweenourtraditionsandtheirs.YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmanyrespects,havealsosomenoticeabledifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandsports.MostAmericanteenshavepart-timejobsthro
3、ughhighschoolandcollege.YouthsinItalytendnotto.Thereasonsbehindthisaremultifaceted.Itis,tobeginwith,ratherhardinItalytofindthetypeofpart-timejobsstudentsusuallytakeup.Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especiallywhenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.YoungItaliansliketo
4、enjoylifetothefullandfeeltherewillbetimetoworkoncetheybecomeadults,thereforelackinginterestinfindingoddjobswhilestillinschool.1.iketheoldsayinggoes,SOmeIlalianSworkI。live,whileSOmeAmeriCanSOftenliveIowork.Inalotofways,youngItaliansandAmericansspendtheirfreetimeinasimilarfashion.1.isteningtomusic,wat
5、chingmovies,hangingout,practicingsportsandsurfingtheInternetareallcommonwaystopasssomefreetime.Italians,especially,makeapointofgoingoutandbeingsocial,oftenchoosingbetweenpizzeriaorbirrerie(placeforpizzaorbeer),whichstaysopenlate.Italiansoftenpileintoacoupleofcarsandgooutinabiggroup.Ingeneral,America
6、nteensparticipateinalotofextracurricular(课外的)activities,manyoftenthroughschool,whileItaliansmaynottakepartinsomany.Whengoingout,Italianteenstendtomeetandgatheronthestreetsoftheircitiesortowns,somethingnotascommonintheUnitedStates,especiallyinhighlypopulatedareas.ThisveryItalianhabitcanbelinkedtotheu
7、rbanarrangementofItaliantowns.ManyofthemdatebackthousandsofyearsandfeaturecentralPiaZZaS（广场）andareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesthathavenowbecomegatheringplacesfortheyoung.Ifyou,reinItaly,don,tbesurprisedbythesightofhundredsgatheredinapiazzaoronthestreet,laughinganddrinkingthenightaway.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
8、文章主要说明了意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在对待工作、娱乐方面的一些明显的差异。1.Thepassageismainlyabout.theuniquelifestylessharedbyAmericanandItalianteensB.therelationshipbetweenyoungpeopleofAmericaandItalyC.somecustomsandhabitsoftheAmericansandItaliansD.somedifferencesintraditionbetweenyoungAmericansandItalians【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，意大利年轻人
9、和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。文章主要内容围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异展开，故选D。2. Bysaying“someItaliansworktolive,whilesomeAmericansoftenlivetowork,theauthormostprobablywantstotellusthat.ItalianshaveabetterlifeattitudetowardworkingB.AmericansaremorediligentandthusliveabetterlifeC.AmericansandItaliansbo
10、thfindithardtolocateasatisfyingjobD.ItaliansandAmericanshavedifferentchoicesregardingwork【解析】选D。句意理解题。根据第二段可知意大利年轻人是为了生活而去工作，而美国的年轻人活着是为了工作，作者想要通过这句话告诉我们意大利人和美国人在工作上有不同的选择。故选D。3.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?.AmericanteenspracticesportsandsurftheInternettopasstime.B.Itali
11、anyouthstakeanactivepartinextracurricularactivities.C. Americanteensliketodriveoutandsocialtogetherinbiggroups.D. Italianyouthsenjoypizzaandbeerbecausetheyarecheap.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知在很多方面，年轻的意大利人和美国人以相似的方式度过他们的空闲时间。听音乐、看电影、出去玩、锻炼身体和上网都是打发空闲时间的常见方式。美国青少年通过运动和上网来打发时间是正确的。故选A。4.Ifthereisonemoreparagr
12、aphinthispassage,whatwillitmostprobablybeabout?.TheworkingconditionsoftheyoungAmericansandItalians.B. Thedifferencesinpracticingsportsbetweenteensofthetwonations.C. ThecentralpiazzasandareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesinItaly.D. TheurbanarrangementofthehighlypopulatedAmericancities.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可
13、知作者想要说明意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在工作、娱乐和运动方面的差异；第二段内容谈论了工作方面的差异;笫三、四段谈论了娱乐方面，因此接下来会谈到运动方面的差异。故如果这篇文章还有一段话，最有可能是关于两国青少年在运动方面的差异。故选B。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especiallywhenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.分析：totakeintoCOnSideration是定语，修饰attitude;When引导时间状语从句。翻
14、译：而且，还有一个要考虑到的是不同的文化态度，尤其是当考虑到意大利的某些地区时。2. Italians,especially,makeapointofgoingoutandbeingsocial,oftenchoosingbetweenpizzeriaorbirrerie(placeforpizzaorbeer),whichstaysopenlate.分析：ChooSing.是伴随状语;WhiCh引导定语从句。翻译：意大利人尤其重视出门社交，常常去闭店晚的PiZZeria或birrerie(吃披萨或喝啤酒的地方)。BThesedays,itseemslikeeveryonewantstogoo
15、utintospaceandliveonnewplanets.Ratherthandependonanotherpre-existingplanet,couldwemakeanew,properplanetourselves?Tostartwith,ifwedowanttobelivingonit,weshouldfindagoodplaceinspacetoputthenewplanet.We,dwantittobeinahabitablezone,meaningtheplanetshouldbeattherightdistancefromitsstartomakesuretherewoul
16、dbeperfecttemperaturesandmostimportantly,IiqUid（液态的）water.We,dalsoneedtherightmaterialstomaketheplanet.OurEarthismadeupofmanydifferentelements（元素）.Ifwemadeourownnewplanetwe,dprobablywantittohavesimilarelementsandasimilarstructure（）.Wedalsowantenoughwatertoformsomeoceans.Butevenifwegetallofthemateria
17、lscreatinganewplanetlikeEarthcouldhavemanytroubles.Itmightbesomethingmorelikeahugespacestation.Itwouldbeprettyexpensiveifwewantedittobesuperbig.Wewouldprobablyalsoneedalotoffoodsincethere,sgoingtobemanyscientistsandastronautsoutinspaceworkingonthisproject!AccordingtoNASA,eachastronautusesabout0.83ki
18、logramsoffoodpermeal,including0.12kilogramsofPaCkaging（包装）material.Withouttheweightofthepackagingmaterial,we,dneedabout780kilogramsoffoodjusttofeedoneastronautforayear.Puttingallthesetogethercouldmakeitpossibletomakeourownplanetoneday!Inreality,creatinganewplanetwouldprobablyrequireaverymoderntechno
19、logyandtherewouldbetonsofotherthingstothinkabout.Andifthisisevenpossible,itlikelywon,thappenforaverylongtime.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了创造一个新的、适合居住的星球需要具备的因素。5.Whalsthefirstthingweshoulddoifwewanttocreateanewplanet?A. Toprepareenoughfood.B. Todesignitsinnerstructure.C. Tofindaproperplacetosettheplanet.D. Toc
20、ollectmaterialssimilartoourEarth.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段Tostartwith,ifwedowanttobelivingonit,weshouldfindagoodplaceinspacetoputthenewpIanetw可知，首先，如果我们想生活在新的星球上面，我们应该在太空中找到一个好地方来安置这个新行星。所以如果我们想创造一个新的星球，我们应该做的第一件事是找到一个合适的地方来安置这个星球。故选C项。6. WhatdoestheunderlinedwordiiitinParagraph3referto?.OurEarth.B.Outerspa
21、ce.C.Thenewplanet.D.Theoceanwater.【解析】选Co词义猜测题。由第三段Ifwemadeourownnewplanetwe,dprobablywantittohavesimilarelementsandasimilarstructure,可知，如果我们创造了自己的新星球，我们可能希望它有相似的元素和相似的结构。所以通过上下文语境可以判读出，第3段中带下划线的“it”一词指的是新星球。故选C项。7. Howmuchfooddoesanastronautactuallyeateachmeal?.About0.B. About0.C. About0.D. About0.
22、12kilograms.71kilograms.83kilograms.95kilograms.【解析】选Bo细节理解题。由倒数第二段AccordingtoNASA,eachastronautusesabout0.83kilogramsoffoodpermeal,including0.12kilogramsofpackagingmaterial.”可知，根据美国国家航空航天局的数据，每个宇航员大约每顿饭需要0.83千克的食物，包括0.12千克的包装材料。所以一个宇航员实际上每顿饭吃掉的食物为：0.83千克-0.12千克二0.71千克。故选B项。8. Whatdoestheauthorthink
23、ofcreatingaplanet?.Itisawasteofmoneyandtime.B. ItshouldbeoneofNSA,snextplans.C. Itisnotagoodideaforhumans.D. Itwon,tcometrueinthenearfuture【解析】选D。推理判断题。由最后一段可知，事实上，创造一个新的星球可能需要一种非常现代的技术，而且会有很多其他的事情需要考虑。即使这是可能的，但在很长一段时间内也是不会实现的。所以通过关键词averymoderntechnology,tonsofotherthingstothinkabout,won,thappen,可知
24、，作者认为创造一个新星球在不远的将来是不可能实现的。故选D项。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. habitableadj.适合居住的2. elementn.要素；基本部分3. inreality实际上II.阅读填句根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ResearchersfromthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundthateatinglateatnightmaycausesometerriblediseases.1.NamniGoel,oneoftheresearcher
25、s,said,uEatinglatecanpromoteanegativeeffectofweight,energyandhormonemarkers.Thisisn,tthefirsttimeastudyhassuggestedthatlatenightsnackingcouldbeharmfultoyourhealth.2. Itcanaffectyourmemory:AccordingtoAmericanresearchers,snackinglateatnightcouldnegativelyaffectyourmemory.Thestudy,fromtheUniversityofCa
26、lifornia,involvedmorethan500people.3.Thestudyfoundtheirmemorywasdeeplyinfluenced. Itmakesyouhungrierthenextday:Manypeoplethinkeatinglatecanhelpreducetheamountofbreakfastthenextmorning.4.Eatinglateatnightcanhaveyoufeelhungrierthanusualwhenyouwakeupthenextmorningthankstotheinsulin(胰岛素)releasedafterame
27、al. Itincreasestheriskofaheartattack:ResearchersfromDokuzEyltllUniversityassessedmorethan700adultswithhighbloodpressureandtheyhavefoundthateatingdinnerafter7pmcouldincreasetheriskofsufferingaheartattack. 5:Accordingtoexperts,eatinglateatnight(especiallyheavyfoods)andgoingtosleepshortlyafterisakeycon
28、tributortostomachdiseases.Actually,theyarewrongB. ItcreatesuneasinessofthestomachC. Sopeopleshouldnevereatlate,especiallytheoldD. TheyhadverygoodmemorywhentheywereyoungE. HerearethereasonswhyyoushouldavoideatinglateatnightF. Mostofthesepeopleoftenateatirregularhours,especiallyatnightG. Itcanincrease
29、theriskofheartdiseaseorsufferingaheartattack【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了吃夜宵对人的身体会产生很大的危害。1 .【解析】选Go根据前句ResearchersfromthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundthateatinglateatnightmaycausesometerriblediseases.（来自于宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院的研究人员说吃夜宵会引起一些疾病），可知选择G项（它会提高患心脏病的风险），与前句联系紧密。2 .【解析】选E。下文主要介绍了
30、四种吃夜宵的严重后果，E项（下边就是一些你不应该在晚上吃东西的原因），总领下文。3 .【解析】选F。根据前句Thestudy,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,involvedmorethan500people.（一项加利福尼亚大学的研究涉及了500多人），所以选择F项（这些人中大多数饮食不规律，尤其会在晚上吃东西），与前句联系紧密。4 .【解析】选A。根据前句Manypeoplethinkeatinglatecanhelpreducetheamountofbreakfastthenextmorning.（多数人认为晚上吃得晚，第二天的早餐就能少吃点），可知选A项（但
31、是他们的想法是错的。）,后句说到，其实吃的晚会让人第二天早晨更饿。5 .【解析】选B。本段主要介绍吃得晚对胃不好，会引起胃部疾病，B选项是本段中心句，与下文一致。Il1.应用文写作假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Peter发邮件向你询问你校的家校共育活动的开展情况。请回复邮件向他作简要介绍，内容包括：1 .活动目的；2 .活动形式（如家长学校、开放周等）；3 .你最感兴趣的活动形式及理由。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】DearPeter,1 amwritingtotellyousomethingabouthome-schooleducationactiv
32、itiesthatareinprocessinourschool.Inordertobuildupagoodrelationshipbetweenteachersandparentstofindoutthesolutionstothepsychologicalandphysicalproblemsfromstudents.Ourschoolhasstartedaparentschooltohelpparentsandteacherstounderstandstudentsbetter.Intheopenweek,parentswillattendeveryclasswiththeirchild
33、rentohelpthemtofindoutwhytheycan,tconcentrateontheirlessons.WhatIlikebestishavinglunchwithparentsintheschool.Thatisbecauseparentsandchildrencancommunicatewitheachotheroverthelunchtime.Byhavinglunchtogether,childrenaremorerelaxedandwillingtospeakoutpsychologicalandphysicalproblems.Parentswillfeedbackchildren,sinformationtoteachers,soteacherswilltakeactivemeasurestohelpthemgetoutofthetrouble.1.ookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,1.iHua
